Mlatho Umene Unali Kumangidwa Mobwerezabwereza

YOLEMBEDWA KU BULGARIA

M’TAWUNI ya Lovech muli mlatho wokhala ndi denga womwe unadutsa pamwamba pa mtsinje wa Osŭm, kumpoto chapakati m’dziko la Bulgaria. Mlatho wapamwamba umenewu uli ndi mbiri yochititsa chidwi kwambiri mofanana ndi anthu amene amaugwiritsa ntchito.

Munthu woyamba kuchita chidwi ndi mlathowu, anali katswiri wina wa zamiyala wa ku Austria, dzina lake Ami Boué, yemwe anapita ku tawuni ya Lovech cha m’ma 1830. Katswiriyu analemba za “mlatho womangidwa ndi miyala, wokhala ndi denga komanso masitolo ang’onoang’ono okongola m’bali mwake.” N’zoona kuti, mlatho womangidwa mwapadera umenewu unali kuthandiza kwambiri pa nkhani ya kayendedwe ku Lovech, chifukwa anthu ankatha kuchoka mbali ina ya tawuniyo kupita mbali ina kudzera pa mlathowu. Mlathowu unalinso malo a zamalonda motero, unali wotchuka kwambiri m’tawuniyo.

Poyambirira, mlatho wokhala ndi denga wa ku Lovech, unamangidwa ndi mitengo osati miyala. Komabe, mlathowu unkawonongedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi madzi osefukira ndipo zikatero, anali kuumanganso. Kenako, mu 1872, mlathowu unakokoloka ndi madzi, ndipo anthu a m’mbali ziwiri za tawuniyi anali kuvutika mayendedwe.

Kumanganso mlathowo kunali kovuta. Choncho, katswiri wa zomangamanga wa ku Bulgaria Kolyo Ficheto, analembedwa ntchito kuti akonze pulani ndi kumanganso mlatho watsopano ndiponso wolimba.

Pulani Yatsopano

Ficheto anaganiza zogwiritsira ntchito pulani yakale ya mlatho wokhala ndi denga ndiponso masitolo ang’onoang’ono. Mlathowu unali wa mamita 84 m’litali ndi mamita 10 mlifupi. Choncho kuti ulimbe, iye anamanga zipilala zozungulira pansi pake. Zipilala zazitali mamita asanu zimenezi, zinali zochititsa chidwi chifukwa mbali imene inaloza kumene madzi amachokera, inali yocheperapo. Ndipo anaboola zipilalazo kuyambira chapakati kupita m’mwamba kuti madzi osefukira azidutsamo. Pamwamba pa zipilalapo, Ficheto anayalapo mitengo ya thundu ndiponso matabwa. Mbali ina ya mlathowo komanso masitolo 64 omwe anali mbali zonse za mlathowo, zinamangidwa ndi mitengo ya mtundu wina. Denga la mlathowo, linamangidwanso ndi mitengo yomweyi ndipo anafolera ndi malata.

Chinthu china chochititsa chidwi ndi pulani ya Ficheto chinali chakuti, m’malo molumikiza matabwawo ndi misomali, iye analumikiza ndi timatabwa tosongoka. Pamlathowo anaikapo miyala ndipo pamwamba pakepo anaikapo timiyala ting’onoting’ono. Masana, kuwala kwa dzuwa kunkalowera mu timawindo tam’mbali komanso mu timabowo tomwe tinali kudenga. Ndipo usiku ankayatsa nyale. Ntchito yokonza pulani ndiponso kumanga mlatho watsopanowo inatenga zaka pafupifupi zitatu [1].

Zochitika pa Mlathowo

Kodi pamlathopo panali kuchitika zinthu zotani? Tamvani zimene munthu wina yemwe anafikapo ananena, iye anati: “Ogulitsa malonda, anthu ongodutsa, ndiponso oona malowo, sanali kusokonezeka ndi magalimoto odutsa, ngolo zokokedwa ndi mahatchi, kapena abulu onyamula katundu. Panalinso phokoso la okhoma zidebe. . . ndiponso phokoso la ogulitsa malonda mphepete mwa  msewu omwe anali kuitanira malonda awo mofuula. Pamlatho umenewu panali kuchitika zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mu timasitolo tokongolati, munali modzaza ndi nsalu zopeta, mikanda, ndi katundu wina wosiyanasiyana, ndipo munali kuchitika zinthu zambiri zochititsa chidwi.”

Kuwonjezera pa kuchita malonda pamlathopo, anthu anali kupitako kukasangalala chifukwa eni masitolo ambiri anali oimba. Munthu yemwe anafikapo uja ananenanso kuti: “M’malo ometera, munali kukhala anthu ometa 5 kapena 6. Ndipo anthu amenewa analinso odziwa kuimba makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga magitala. Nthawi zambiri amapeza nthawi yoimba, ndipo makasitomala awo sankadandaula kuwadikira kuti amalize kuimbako.” Pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, ometa ena anayambitsa gulu loimba lotchedwa Barber’s Orchestra.

Mlatho Unawonongeka

Kwa zaka pafupifupi 50, mlatho wokhala ndi denga umene Ficheto anamanga sunawonongedwe ndi madzi osefukira, nkhondo, ndiponso masoka ena. Koma usiku wa pa August 2 ndi 3, 1925, mlatho wochititsa chidwi wa m’tawuni ya Lovech umenewu, unapsa n’kutheratu. Kodi zimenezi zinachitika bwanji? Mpaka lero palibe amene akudziwa chimene chinachitika, mwina kunali kusasamala kapenanso anthu anachita kuwotcha dala. Mulimonse mmene zinachitikira, tawuni ya Lovech inakhalanso yopanda mlatho.

Mu 1931 mlatho wina wokhalanso ndi denga unamalizidwa, ndipo unali ndi masitolo ang’onoang’ono ndiponso malo ogwiriramo ntchito zina zosiyanasiyana mphepete mwa msewu [2]. Komabe, m’malo momanga mlathowu ndi mitengo ndiponso miyala, womanga watsopanoyu anagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo ndi konkire. Pulani yonse ya mlatho watsopanowu, inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi ya Ficheto. Denga lake linali la galasi, ndipo mbali ina ya pakati pa mlathowu inalibe makoma a m’mbali. Mu 1981 mpaka 1982 mlathowu unamangidwanso motsatira pulani yoyambirira ya Kolyo Ficheto [3].

Mlatho wokhala ndi denga wa ku Lovech ndi umene umatchukitsa tawuniyo ndiponso umasonyeza luso la omanga. Masiku ano, mlathowu umachititsabe chidwi anthu okhala kumaloko ndiponso alendo amene amadutsa pa mlatho wodzaza ndi masitolo umenewo.

[Mapu patsamba 22]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

BULGARIA

SOFIA

Lovech

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 23]

Photo 2: From the book Lovech and the Area of Lovech