Zidole Zina Si Zongoseweretsa

ZIDOLE zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Anthu a ku Egypt ankagwiritsa ntchito matabwa, a ku Japan ankagwiritsa ntchito mapepala, a ku Germany ankagwiritsa ntchito mtundu winawake wa dongo ndipo anthu otchedwa a Eskimo ankagwiritsa ntchito zikopa za nyama zina za m’madzi. Ana amakonda kwambiri zidole ndipo ngakhale anthu akuluakulu amakhala nazo.

Buku lina linati: “Kale zinthu zooneka ngati zidole sizinali zongoseweretsa koma zinali zokhudzana ndi matsenga kapena chipembedzo.” Anthu akale ku Egypt ankasoka nsalu n’kuziveka zidole zamatabwa. Ndipo akatero ankaziveka timikanda ta dothi m’mutu kuti zizioneka ngati zili ndi tsitsi. Ankatenga zidole zoterezi n’kuika pa manda poganiza kuti zidzatumikira anthu amene afawo akadzauka. Pofuna kubwezera zimene achitiridwa, anthu okhulupirira malodza a ku West Indies ankabaya zidole zawo ndi singano pokhulupirira kuti akatero adzavulaza adani awo.—The World Book Encyclopedia.

M’mitundu yambiri ya anthu zidole zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa miyambo yomwe amati imathandiza kuti mkazi azikhala ndi ana. Mwachitsanzo, kale atsikana a ku Greece amene atsala pang’ono kukwatiwa ankaika zidole zawo pa guwa la Artemi yemwe amati ndi mulungu wothandiza kubereka. Masiku ano, azimayi a chiashanti ku Ghana amamangirira kachidole m’chiuno pokhulupirira kuti akatero adzabereka ana okongola. Atsikana a ku Syria amakoleka zidole m’mawindo kuti anthu adziwe zoti afika pa msinkhu wokwatiwa.

Chaka chilichonse pa March 3, ku Japan kumakhala mwambo woonetsa zidole. Mwambowu amautcha Hina Matsuri, kutanthauza kuti mwambo wa zidole. Buku lina linati mwambowu umatchedwanso mwambo wa atsikana ndipo “unachokera ku miyambo yosiyanasiyana.” Bukulo linapitiriza kuti “Umodzi mwa miyambo imeneyi ndi wa Matchaina umene unkachitikira kumtsinje kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wachitatu. Ndipo akuti  unali mwambo woyeretsa anthu. Kuyambira mu 794 kufika mu 1185 C.E., pamene likulu la dzikolo analisamutsira ku Heian-kyo (Kyoto), anthu ogwira ntchito m’nyumba ya mfumu ankaitana amatsenga kuti adzawachotse zodetsa zilizonse m’thupi lawo, n’kuzilowetsa m’zidole zinazake zopangidwa kuchokera kumapepala. . . . Kenako amakataya zidolezo mumtsinje kapena m’nyanja.”—Japan—An Illustrated Encyclopedia.

Zidole Zoseweretsa

Nakonso ku Japan pa nthawi ya Edo (1603-1867) ana ankawapangira tizidole tooneka ngati anthu n’kutiveka zovala zosiyanasiyana. Zidole zina ankazikonza m’njira yoti ziziyenda pogwiritsa ntchito nthambo, zingwe kapena magiya amatabwa. Chidole china chinkatha kuperekera tiyi kwa alendo n’kukabweza kapu akamaliza kumwa.

Buku lina linati zisanafike zaka za m’ma 1700 “tinganene kuti ku mayiko a azungu kunalibe ana. Ana ankaonedwa ngati anthu akuluakulu ndipo amayembekezedwa kuti azichita zinthu ngati achikulire.” Choncho zidole zinalinso za anthu akuluakulu osati ana okha. Pofika m’ma 1800, anthu anazindikira kuti ana afunika kukhala ndi nthawi yosewera. Izi zinachititsa kuti bizinesi ya zidole ikule kwambiri ku Ulaya.

Pofika mu 1824 Ajeremani anali atapanga kale zidole zotha kunena kuti “amama” kapena “ababa.” Kenako anapanga zidole zotha kuyenda. Munthu wina wa ku America dzina lake Thomas Edison anapanga kachipangizo kotha kujambula mawu n’kumachititsa kuti zidolezo zizikhala ngati zikulankhula. Panthawi yomweyo anthu a ku France anapanga chidole china chotchedwa Bébé Gourmand. Chidole chimenechi chinkatha kudya chakudya. Anthu a ku France anapanganso zidole zina zimene ankaziveka zovala zokongola kwambiri. Eni zidole ankazigulira zinthu monga zipeso, tsitsi, mafani ndi mipando.

Ntchito yopanga zidole inapita patsogolo kwambiri m’ma 1900. Anthu atayamba kupanga zinthu za pulasitiki cha m’ma 1940, zidole zinkakhala zokongola kwambiri koma zotchipa. Zidole za pulasitiki zotchedwa Barbie zinafala kwambiri kuyambira cha m’ma 1959. Zidole za mtunduwu zoposa 1 biliyoni zakhala zikugulitsidwa ndipo m’chaka cha 1997 opanga zidolezi anapeza ndalama zokwana pafupifupi madola 2 biliyoni.

Zidole Zophunzitsa

Amwenye a ku United States otchedwa Apueblo ankagwiritsa ntchito zidole pofuna kuphunzitsa ana za mulungu wawo. Zidolezi zinkatchedwa Kachina ndipo ankazipanga kuchokera ku mizu ya nkhadze kapena mitengo ya paini. Likafika tsiku la mwambo wapadera, munthu wina ankavala zovala zapadera n’kumachita zinthu ngati mulungu. Kenako makolo ankapatsa ana awo zidole zooneka ngati mulungu wawoyo kuti akamaseweretsa azikumbukira mulunguyo.

Buku lina linati “mwana akakhumudwa kapena kukwiya ndi zinthu zina amangoyamba kuseweretsa zidole kuti mtima ukhale m’malo. Kuseweretsa zidole kumathandiza mwana kukonzekera zimene angadzachite akakula.” Chidole chimene anachionetsa patsiku lokumbukira ana ku Japan chinali chooneka ngati mwamuna wovala zida zankhondo. Mwambo umenewu umachitika m’mwezi wa May chaka chilichonse. Malinga ndi chikhalidwe chawo, amaonetsa chidolechi monga chitsanzo kwa achinyamata pofuna kuwathandiza kuti adzakhale anthu amphamvu komanso olemekezeka.—The World Book Encyclopedia.

Popeza ana amakonda kwambiri zidole, makolo ena amaganiza kuti zidole zingakhudze kwambiri kakulidwe ka mwana wawo. Mwachitsanzo, ena amakhulupirira kuti maonekedwe a zidole komanso kuchuluka kwa zovala zimene zidolezo  zimavala, zingasokoneze khalidwe la atsikana. Munthu wina anati zidole zoterezi “zingachititse kuti atsikana azida nkhawa kwambiri ndi maonekedwe awo komanso kuti azivala motayirira.”

Aliyense amene anaona ana akuseweretsa zidole, kaya zikhale za nsalu, mapepala, matabwa, pulasitiki kapena zinthu zina, amadziwa kuti si zongoseweretsa. Kwa mwanayo chidolecho chimakhala mnzake wapamtima wosewera naye, komanso womuuza zakukhosi.

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Anthu Ayambanso Kukonda Zidole Zakale

Anthu ambiri amakonda kukhala ndi zidole. Cha m’ma 1970 mayiko osiyanasiyana anayamba malonda a zidole. Anthu ogula zidole amasankha zotchipa kapena zosowa kwambiri monga zopangidwa ndi kampani yotchedwa Kämmer kapena Reinhardt. Zidole za makampani amenewa zinkapangidwa ku Germany kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1900 ndipo china anachigulitsa pa mtengo wa madola 277,500. M’nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yotchedwa Strong National Museum of Play mu mzinda wa Rochester, ku New York, m’dziko la United States, anasungamo zidole zambiri zokwana pafupifupi 12,000.

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Makolo Azisamala ndi Zidole Zina

Kodi makolo angatani kuti ana awo asamasewere ndi zidole zimene zingasokoneze khalidwe lawo? Magazini ina inati: “Makampani opanga zidole ali ngati makampani a fodya chifukwa savomereza kulakwa kwawo ndipo sangasinthe zinthu paokha.” Pamenepa n’zoonekeratu kuti makolo ali ndi udindo wothandiza ana awo kusankha zidole zabwino.—The Washington Post.

Baibulo limalamula makolo kuti azilangiza ana awo tsiku ndi tsiku. (Deuteronomo 6:6-9; Miyambo 22:6) Kodi makolo angapereke bwanji malangizo othandiza pankhaniyi? Polangiza mwana wake wamkazi za kavalidwe kabwino, mayi wina anati anamuwerengera mwanayo lemba la 1 Timoteyo 2:9, n’kukambirana naye lembalo motere:

Mayi: Kodi chidole ichi chikuoneka ngati mwana kapena mzimayi?

Mwana: Mzimayi.

Mayi: N’chifukwa chiyani ukutero?

Mwana: N’chifukwa choti thupi lake ndi la mzimayi ndipo chavala zovala komanso nsapato za azimayi.

Mayi: Wayankha bwino. Ndiye mogwirizana ndi lemba limene tawerengali, ukuona kuti chidolechi chavala bwino?

Mwana: Ayi.

Mayi: Chifukwa?

Mwana: N’chifukwa choti siketi yake ndi yaifupi kwambiri, . . . bulauzi yake ndi yoonetsa zamkati, . . . ndipo nsalu yake ndi yomamatira thupi kwambiri.

N’zoona kuti kuphunzitsa ana mfundo za m’Baibulo kuti azitha kuona okha chabwino ndi choipa n’kovuta komatu n’kothandiza kwambiri. Makolo ambiri athandizidwa ndi buku lakuti Phunzirani kwa Mphunzitsi Waluso, lofalitsidwa ndi Mboni za Yehova, kuti akhomereze mfundo za m’Baibulo m’mitima ya ana awo.

Itanitsani buku la masamba 256 limeneli polemba kalata n’kuitumiza ku ofesi ya Mboni za Yehova, P. O. Box 30749, Lilongwe, Malawi. Fotokozani kuti mukufuna kulandira buku la Phunzirani kwa Mphunzitsi Waluso.

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Chidole cha ku Japan choperekera tiyi

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Chidole cha ku France chotchedwa mpongozi

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Top: © SHOBEI Tamaya IX; middle: Courtesy, Strong National Museum of Play, Rochester, New York; bottom: © Christie’s Images Ltd