Adzɔ​—Exexee Naa “Dukɔ Yia Ŋgɔa”?

“Adzɔ siwo míexena gbɔe wòtsona míaƒe dukɔa yia ŋgɔ.”​—Dukɔa ƒe Adzɔxɔdɔdzikpɔƒe ƒe dɔwɔƒexɔ si le Washington, D.C. dzi nuŋɔŋlɔ.

DZIÐUÐUWO gblɔna be adzɔxexe mevivia ame aɖeke nu o—gake exexee naa “dukɔ yia ŋgɔ.” Èlɔ̃ ɖe nukpɔsusu ma dzi alo mèlɔ̃ ɖe edzi o, ɖikeke mele eme o be zi geɖe la, fe sia xexe menɔa bɔbɔe o.

Woate ŋu ama adzɔwo ɖe akpa eve me: esiwo woxɔna tẽ kple esiwo womexɔna tẽ o. Adzɔ siwo woxɔna tẽ dometɔ aɖewoe nye esi woxɔna ɖe fetuwo kple ga si amewo kpɔna le woƒe dɔwo me ta, adzɔ siwo adzɔhawo xena ɖe viɖe siwo wokpɔna ta, kple esi woxɔna ɖe aƒe alo nunɔamesi bubu aɖewo ta. Le adzɔ siawo dome la, anɔ eme be adzɔ si woxɔna ɖe fetuwo kple ga si amewo kpɔna le woƒe dɔwo me ta koŋue ɖua dzi na amewo wu. Esia le alea vevietɔ le dukɔ siwo me adzɔ si woxɔna ɖe fetuwo kple ga si amewo kpɔna le woƒe dɔwo me ta dzina ɖe edzi le gaa ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ nu—zi alesi gaa sɔ gbɔe la, zi nenemae adzɔ si nàxe asɔ gbɔe. Amesiwo tsi tre ɖe adzɔxeɖoɖo sia ŋu ʋlia nya be adzɔ sɔgbɔ xɔxɔ ɖe ga ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ta nye tohehe ɖe dɔ sesẽ wɔwɔ kple dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ ta.

OECD Observer, si nye Ganyawo me Ðekawɔwɔ Kple Ŋgɔyidɔwo Ŋuti Habɔbɔ ƒe agbalẽ ɖo ŋku edzi na mí be tsɔ kpe ɖe adzɔ siwo woxena na dziɖuɖua ŋutɔ ŋu la, “nutowo me dziɖuɖuwo hã xɔa adzɔ le amewo si ɖe fetuwo kple ga si amewo kpɔna le woƒe dɔwo me la ta. Aleae wòle le Belgium, Canada, Iceland, Japan, Korea, Dziehe Europa dukɔwo, Spain, Switzerland kple United States.”

Adzɔ siwo womexɔna tẽ o dometɔ aɖewoe nye adzɔ siwo woxɔna ɖe ahasesẽwo kple sigaret, kpakple adzɔnu siwo wodɔ tso dukɔ bubuwo me kple esiwo woɖo ɖe dukɔ bubuwo me ta. Adzɔ siawo xexe medzena tẽ amewo kpɔna o gake woate ŋu azu agba kpekpe na amewo, vevietɔ le hiãtɔwo ƒe ganyawo gome. Agbalẽŋlɔla Jayali Ghosh ʋli nya le Indiatɔwo ƒe magazine si nye Frontline me be menye nyateƒee wònye be hotsuitɔwo kple amesiwo dzi nu de vie lae xea adzɔ si India dziɖuɖua xɔna la ƒe akpa gãtɔ o. Ghosh gblɔ be: “Adzɔ siwo katã Nutome dziɖuɖuwo xɔna la ƒe akpa 95 kple edzivɔ le alafa me nye adzɔ siwo womexɔna tẽ o. . . . Anɔ eme godoo be hiãtɔwoe xe adzɔa ƒe akpa gãtɔ wu kesinɔtɔwo.” Edze ƒã be adzɔ gã siwo woxɔna ɖe nusiwo ame geɖe zãna, abe adzalẽ kple nuɖuɖu ene ta gbɔe wòtso hiãtɔwo xea adzɔ wua kesinɔtɔwo.

Ke nuka koŋue dziɖuɖuwo tsɔa ga siwo katã woxɔna la wɔnɛ?

 Afisi Gaa Tona

Le nyateƒe me la, dziɖuɖuwo zãa ga geɖe ŋutɔ le woƒe dɔwɔnawo kple amewo ƒe nuhiahiãwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me le France la, ame 1 le 4 me nye dziɖuɖudɔwɔla. Amesiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye nufialawo, posudɔwɔlawo, blemanudzraɖoƒe kple kɔdzi dɔwɔlawo, kpovitɔwo, kple dziɖuɖudɔwɔla bubuwo. Adzɔ siwo woxɔnae wotsɔna xea fe na woe. Adzɔga kee wozãna le lɔrimɔwo, sukuwo, kple kɔdzi nyawo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ me, eye eyae wozãna le gbeɖuɖɔwo kɔkɔ kple posudɔwɔnawo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ me.

Asrafowo ƒe nuhiahiãwo hã nye susu vevi bubu si ta woxɔa adzɔ ɖo. Afisi woakpɔ ga le hena aʋa si woho ɖe Franseawo ŋu le ƒe 1799 me wɔwɔ tae wote adzɔ xɔxɔ le blema Britain kesinɔtɔwo si zi gbãtɔ ɖo. Gake le Xexemeʋa II wɔɣi la, Britain dziɖuɖua te biabia tso dɔwɔlawo katã si be woaxe adzɔ ɖe fetu siwo woxɔna kple ga si amewo kpɔna le woƒe dɔwo me ta. Egbea la, dukɔwo ƒe asrafonyawo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ kpɔtɔ nye nusi ŋu wogblẽa ga geɖe ŋutɔ ɖo, le ŋutifafaɣiwo gɔ̃ hã me. Stockholm Dukɔwo Dome Ŋutifafa Ŋuti Numekuƒe bu akɔnta be ga si wozã ɖe asrafonyawo ŋu le xexeame godoo le ƒe 2000 me gogo dɔlar biliɔn 798.

Ezazã Atsɔ Akpɔ Hadomekuxiwo Gbɔe

Adzɔxexe ganye mɔnu si dzi wotona be woatsɔ “akpɔ hadomekuxiwo gbɔe”—enye mɔnu si dzi wotona dea nuwɔna aɖe ƒe dzi ƒo alo ɖea dzi le amewo ƒo le nuwɔna aɖewo ŋu. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, wobui be adzɔxɔxɔ ɖe ahamuamewo ta nye mɔnu si dzi woato aɖe dzi le amewo ƒo le ahatsunono ŋu. Eyata le dukɔ geɖewo me la, biya ƒe asi ƒe memama 35 le alafa me nye adzɔ si woxɔna ɖe eta.

Woxɔa adzɔ gãwo ɖe atama hã ta. Le South Africa la, sigaret go ɖeka ƒe asi ƒe memama 45 yi 50 le alafa me nye adzɔ si woxɔna ɖe eta. Ke hã, manye esi dziɖuɖu aɖe tsɔ ɖe le eme na amewo ta koŋue wòxɔa adzɔ siawo ɖo ɣesiaɣi o. Agbalẽŋlɔla Kenneth Warner gblɔ le magazine si nye Foreign Policy me be atama nye “gakpɔmɔnu gã aɖe si dzadzra kple adzɔxɔxɔ ɖe eta me wokpɔa ga dɔlar biliɔn alafa geɖe le.”

Adzɔ zazã be woatsɔ akpɔ hadomekuxi aɖe gbɔe ƒe kpɔɖeŋu ɖedzesi aɖe dzɔ le ƒe alafa 20 ƒe gɔmedzedze me. United States sewɔlawo di be yewoaxe mɔ ɖe ƒomewo ƒe agbagbadzedze be kesinɔnuwo natsi yewo ɖeɖeko ƒe ƒomewo me la nu. To mɔ ka nu? To adzɔxɔxɔ ɖe amewo ƒe nunɔamesiwo ta le woƒe ku megbe dzi. Ne kesinɔtɔ ku la, kesinɔnu siwo nu wòƒo ƒu la ƒe akpa gã aɖe yina ɖe adzɔ me. Adzɔ sia doɖeŋgɔlawo ʋlia nya be “ewɔnɛ be kesinɔnuwo metsia kesinɔtɔ ame ŋkutawo ɖeɖeko ƒe ƒomewo me tegbee o, ke boŋ wote ŋu zãa ga mawo ɖe dukɔmeviwo ƒe nuhiahiãwo kple amehawo ƒe dziɖuɖua ŋu.” Ðewohĩ woɖo taɖodzinu ma gbɔ, gake adzɔxela kesinɔtɔwo hã dia mɔnu siwo dzi wotona ɖea adzɔ sia xexe dzi kpɔtɔna.

Woyi edzi le adzɔ siwo amewo xena la zãm tsɔ le amewo ƒe nuhiahiã vovovo, abe nya siwo ku ɖe nutoa me ŋu ene la gbɔ kpɔmee. The Environmental Magazine ka nya ta be: “Ɣetoɖoƒe Europa dukɔ asieke ɖo adzɔ aɖe anyi nyitsɔ laa be woatsɔ akpɔ nutoa me ƒe dedienɔnɔ gbɔ, vevietɔ be woatsɔ aɖe nusiwo ƒoa ɖi ya dzi akpɔtɔ.” Adzɔ si woxɔna le fetu ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ nu, si ŋu míeƒo nu tsoe va yi hã nye mɔnu bubu si dzi wotona dzea agbagba be woakpɔ hadomekuxiwo gbɔ; susuae nye be woaɖe vovototo si le kesinɔtɔwo kple hiãtɔwo dome dzi akpɔtɔ. Dziɖuɖu aɖewo hã ɖea adzɔ dzi na amesiwo le dɔmenyonunanawo wɔm alo srɔ̃tɔ siwo si vi le.

Nukatae Adzɔxeɖoɖowo Sɔ Gbɔ Hesesẽ Nenema Gbegbe?

Ɣesiaɣi si woaɖo adzɔ yeye aɖe anyi la, eŋutisewɔlawo dzea agbagba be woaxe mɔ sia mɔ si dzi amewo ate ŋu ato aƒo asa na adzɔa xexe. Ðo ŋku edzi be: Ne womekpɔ nyuie o la, ga gbogbo aɖee woabu. Nukae mɔxexe na esia hena vɛ? Eva wɔnɛ be adzɔxeɖoɖowo va sɔa gbɔ taŋtaŋ henɔa nyadri eye wo gɔmesese sesẽna ŋutɔ. Time magazine me nyati aɖe ɖe nu me be nusiwo naa United States adzɔxeɖoɖowo gɔmesese sesẽna dometɔ geɖe “doa mo ɖa le alesi woawɔ anya ga si vaa amewo ƒe asime,” alesi woawɔ anya ga si tututu me woaɖe adzɔ le. Akpa bubu siwo gɔmesese gasesẽna tsoa “adzɔ vovovo siwo dzi woɖena kple esiwo xexe me woɖea ame le” ƒe ɖoɖowo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ gbɔ. Gake menye United States ɖeɖeko ƒe adzɔxeɖoɖowoe sɔ gbɔ eye wo gɔmesese sesẽ o. United Kingdom ƒe adzɔxeɖoɖogbalẽ yeye aɖe ƒe axawo ɖo 9,521, hele babla ewo me.

Adzɔxeɖoɖowo Ŋuti Numekuƒe si le Michigan Yunivɛsiti ka nya ta be: “Ƒe sia ƒe la, amesiwo xea adzɔ le United States zãa gaƒoƒo biliɔn etɔ̃ kple edzivɔ ɖe adzɔxegbalẽwo kpekpeɖo ŋu. . . . Ɣeyiɣi kple ga si adzɔxela siwo le United States zãna [ɖe adzɔxegbalẽwo kpekpeɖo ŋu] ɖoa dɔlar biliɔn 100 ƒe sia ƒe, alo nyea adzɔ siwo katã woxɔ ƒe akpa 10 le alafa me. Ga siwo wogblẽna ɖe adzɔxegbalẽawo kpekpeɖo ŋu ƒe akpa gã aɖe tso alesi adzɔxeɖoɖoawo nyadri eye wo gɔmesese sesẽe la gbɔ.” Reuben, si ŋu míeƒo nu tsoe le nyati siawo ƒe gbãtɔ ƒe gɔmedzedze gblɔ be:  “Medzea agbagba tsã be makpe nye ŋutɔ nye adzɔxegbalẽwo ɖo, gake exɔa ɣeyiɣi geɖe le asinye, eye mesena le ɖokuinye me zi geɖe be mexea fe ɖe fe dzi. Eyata mehaya gakɔntabula wòkpɔa nye adzɔwo xexe gbɔ nam.”—Kpɔ aɖaka si nye “Zɔzɔ Ðe Adzɔxeɖoɖowo Dzi,” le axa 8.

Exelawo, Ayemesaƒonɛlawo, Exexegbelawo

Godoo la, ame akpa gãtɔ alɔ̃ ɖe edzi ɖewoɖewoe be adzɔxexe he nu nyui aɖewo va yewoƒe nutowo me. Britain dukɔ me Dzɔxedɔwɔƒe ƒe tatɔ ɖe nu me ɣeaɖeɣi be: “Adzɔxexe mevivia ame aɖeke nu o, gake mebɔ be amewo naʋli nya be nuwo ade dukɔa dzi wu ne ɖe yewomexea adzɔ o.” Ame aɖewo bu akɔnta be amesiwo gbegbe xea adzɔ le United States sɔ gbɔ ŋutɔ ade 90 le alafa me. Adzɔxeɖoɖowo gbɔ kpɔla aɖe lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be: “Nusiwo ta ame aɖewo mexea adzɔ o ƒe akpa gã aɖe tsoa adzɔxeɖoɖoa kple exegbalẽwo kpekpeɖo ƒe sesẽ gbɔ, ke menye ɖe woɖonɛ koŋ gbea exexe o.”

Ke hã, ame geɖewo dia mɔnuwo ƒoa asa na adzɔ aɖewo xexe le ayeme. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, de ŋugble le nya si U.S.News & World Report me nyati aɖe gblɔ tso adzɔ si adzɔhawo xena ŋu la ŋu kpɔ: “Adzɔha geɖe toa se dzi ƒoa asa na adzɔ siwo wòle be woaxe la ƒe akpa gã aɖe—eye ɣeaɖewoɣi la woƒoa asa na wo katã—to adzɔdziɖemɔnuwo kple gakɔnta me ayemenuwɔna dzi.” Nyatia yi edzi na ayemɔ aɖe si dzi woto ƒo asa na adzɔxexe ƒe kpɔɖeŋu aɖe be: “Adzɔha aɖe si le United States yi ɖaɖo dɔwɔƒe ɖe dutadukɔ aɖe si me adzɔxesewo bɔbɔ le vie wu me. Emegbe ena  adzɔha si wòɖo ɖe dutadukɔa me zu esi le United States ƒe dɔwɔƒegã.” Esia wɔe be adzɔha si le United States la do le adzɔ—siwo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ aɖo alafa memama 35 sɔŋ—la xexe me, togbɔ be “adrɛs, posuɖaka, kple ɔfis vi sue aɖe koe anɔ dɔwɔƒegã ma si hã.”

Emegbe amesiwo ɖonɛ koŋ gbea adzɔxexe hã li. Woka nya ta be wobua eɖoɖo koŋ agbe adzɔxexe le Europa dukɔ aɖe me be enye “mobubu na dukɔ bliboa ƒe ga.” Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le United States ɖee fia be ŋutsu siwo xɔ ƒe 25 va ɖo 29 dometɔ 58 le alafa me koe xɔe se be enye nu gbegblẽ be womaɖe ga si tututu ame kpɔna ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ afia o. Numekukua dzikpɔlawo lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be: “Nyatakakaa meƒo nu tso míaƒe dukɔa me viwo ƒe agbenɔnɔgɔmeɖose kple agbenyuinɔnɔ ŋu o.” Wobu akɔnta be amesiwo ade 35 sɔŋ le alafa me ye ɖonɛ koŋ gbea adzɔxexe le Mexico.

Gake zi geɖe la, amewo lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be ehiã be woaxe adzɔ, eye mevea wo be yewoaxe yewo tɔ o. Ke hã, edze abe nya aɖe si wobe Tiberius Caesar gblɔ, si de du ŋutɔ la nye nyateƒe ene: “Ðe wòle be alẽkplɔla nyui nako fu na eƒe alẽwo ke menye be wòaɖe ayi le alẽawo ŋu o.” Ne èse le ɖokuiwò me be adzɔxeɖoɖo aɖe si dze abe enye agba kpekpe, mesɔ o, eye exexegbalẽwo kpekpeɖo sesẽ akpa ɖe, aleke wòle be nàbu adzɔa xexee?

[Aɖaka si le axa 7]

Bu Nuwo Ŋu Nyuie Hafi Nàʋu!

Dukɔ sia dukɔ kple eƒe adzɔxeɖoɖoe. Le nyateƒe me le dukɔ ɖeka me la, adzɔ siwo woxɔna le amewo si le nuto vovovo me ate ŋu ato vovo. Ðe wòaɖe vi be woabu ʋuʋu yi nuto si me adzɔwo bɔbɔ le wu mea? Ðewohĩ, gake ele be nàbu nuwo ŋu nyuie hafi aʋu.

Le kpɔɖeŋu me, OECD Observer me nyati aɖe ɖo ŋku nu dzi na exlẽlawo be menye adzɔ si woxɔna ɖe fetuwo kple ga si amewo kpɔna ta ko ŋue wòle be woabu o. Egblɔ be: “Se siwo ku ɖe ame vovovowo ƒe adzɔxexe ŋu hã kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe akpa vovovo siwo me woɖea adzɔ dzi le dzi.” Le kpɔɖeŋu me, adzɔ siwo dukɔ aɖewo kana na amewo mesɔ gbɔ fũ o. Gake “womeɖea adzɔ dzi le nu geɖewo me o eye womeɖea amewo le adzɔ aɖewo xexe me o.” Esia wɔnɛ be adzɔ si woaxe le dukɔ ma me asɔ gbɔ wu dukɔ siwo ƒe adzɔwo kɔkɔ evɔ woɖea amewo le adzɔ aɖewo xexe me eye woɖea adzɔ dzi le nanewo me.

Le United States la, ame aɖewo bua ʋuʋu yi nuto siwo me womekaa adzɔ bubu be woaxe na nutoa tẽ o me. Gake ɖe wòfia kokoko be ganyawo ade ame dzi le afima? Mefia nenema le agbalẽ si nye Kiplinger’s Personal Finance ƒe nya nu o, si gblɔ be: “Míaƒe numekukuwo ɖee fia le nu geɖe me be nuto siwo mexɔa adzɔ ɖe fetuwo kple ga siwo amewo kpɔna le woƒe dɔwo me ta o la ƒe adzɔ siwo woxɔna ɖe nunɔamesiwo kple nudzadzrawo ta kpakple adzɔ bubuwo sɔ gbɔ ale gbegbe be woɖo esiwo womexɔna o la teƒe.”

[Aɖaka si le axa 8]

Zɔzɔ Ðe Adzɔxeɖoɖowo Dzi

Le mía dometɔ geɖe gome la, adzɔxexe nyea nuteɖeamedzi, ẽ, enyea agba kpekpe. Esia ta Nyɔ! ŋlɔlawo bia gbe adzɔxenyawo ŋununyala bibi aɖe hena aɖaŋuɖoɖo nyui aɖewo.

“Bia nàxɔ aɖaŋuɖoɖo nyuiwo. Esia le vevie, elabena adzɔxeɖoɖowo gɔmesese ate ŋu asẽ, eye ɖoɖoa gɔme masemase menyea ɖokuinuɖenya si wolɔ̃na xɔna ɖe edzi mawɔmawɔ ta o. Togbɔ be adzɔxela ate ŋu abu be adzɔxɔlawoe nye yeƒe futɔ hã la, woate ŋu ana alesi woazɔ ɖe adzɔxeɖoɖowo dzi ŋuti mɔfiame nyui bɔbɔewo zi geɖe. Adzɔxɔdɔwɔlawo adi be nàkpe wò adzɔxegbalẽwo ɖo nyuie zi gbãtɔ. Womedi be yewoatsɔ nya ɖe ŋuwò ɖe ɖoɖoa dzi mawɔmawɔ ta o.

“Ne adzɔ siwo wòle be nàxe lɔ nu geɖe ɖe eme la, bia aɖaŋuɖoɖo tso adzɔxenyawo ŋununyala gbɔ. Gake kpɔ nyuie! Togbɔ be adzɔxenyawo ŋununyala geɖewo li siwo adi wò nyui hã la, geɖewo li siwo mele nenema o. Na xɔlɔ̃ aɖe si dzi nèkana ɖo alo dɔwɔhati nyanyɛ aɖe nakafu amea na wò, eye nàku nu me tso eƒe agbenɔnɔ ŋu.

“Ðe afɔ enumake. Nyatakakawo maɖomaɖo ɖa kaba ŋuti tohehewo te ŋu sẽna.

“Wɔ nuŋlɔɖi nyuiwo. Aleke kee miaƒe gaŋutinuŋlɔɖiwɔmɔnuwo le o, na wòanɔ ɖoɖonu. Ewɔwɔ nenema ana be dɔ siwo wòahiã be nàwɔ le adzɔxegbalẽwo kpeɖoɣi masɔ gbɔ o. Ana hã be màxaxa akpa ne wòava hiã be woato wò nuŋlɔɖiwo me o.

“Ði anukware. Ðewohĩ awɔ na wò be yeato ayemɔ aɖe nu agba kpo aɖewo atsɔ axe ʋe aɖewoe. Gake aɖaŋumɔ geɖewo le adzɔxɔdɔwɔlawo si wotsɔ dea dzesi adzɔxenyawo me alakpanuwɔnawoe. Nu nyuitɔe nye be nàɖi anukware ɣesiaɣi.

“Wò ŋku nenɔ nusianu ŋu. Ne amesi nèhaya be wòakpe wò adzɔxegbalẽwo ɖo na wò ɖo nyatakaka masɔmasɔ ɖa la, wò agba nye gee wòala kokoko. Eyata kpɔ egbɔ be tewòƒenɔla wɔ nusi nèdi.”

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 7]

Le dukɔ geɖe me la, adzɔ siwo woxɔna ɖe nuzazã siwo wowɔ kple atama kple ahamuamewo ta sɔ gbɔ ŋutɔ

[Nɔnɔmetata siwo le axa 8, 9]

 Adzɔe wotsɔna kpɔa dɔ geɖe siwo ŋu ɖewohĩ míebuna fũ o la gbɔe