Kuki tugomba kurangwa n’ikizere?

NONE se iyo wa mwana twigeze kuvuga witwa Daniel akomeza kurangwa n’ikizere, byari kugenda bite? Ese yari gukira kanseri? Ese ubu aba akiriho? N’abantu bemera ko kurangwa n’ikizere bishobora gukiza umuntu, ntibapfa kubyemeza. Ibyo bigaragaza ko tugomba kwitonda. Ntitugomba kumva ko kurangwa n’ikizere bishobora gukiza indwara zose cyangwa gukemura ibibazo byose.

Mu kiganiro Dogiteri Nathan Cherney yagiranye n’umunyamakuru, yavuze ko ari bibi kubwira umuntu urwaye ko nagira ikizere ari bwo azakira. Yaravuze ati: “Hari abagabo bajya babwira abagore babo ku kuba badafata igihe gihagije cyo gutekereza ngo bumve ko bazakira, ari byo bituma badakira. Ibyo byatumye abantu bamwe batekereza ko umuntu urangwa n’ikizere adashobora kuremba, kandi ko iyo umuntu akomeza kuremba biba bigaragaza ko atarangwa n’ikizere. Ariko ibyo si ukuri.”

Tuvugishije ukuri, umuntu urembye aba arwana intambara ikomeye. Ubwo rero abagize umuryango we ntibagomba kumwongerera ibibazo, bamubwira ko nta cyo akora ngo yoroherwe. Ese ibyo bigaragaza ko kugira ikizere nta cyo bimaze?

Oya nanone. Reka dufate urugero. Wa muganga twigeze kuvuga, ajya afasha abantu barwaye indwara zidakira kugira ngo badapfa bababaye cyane. Abaganga nk’abo bemera ko gufasha abarwayi bakarangwa n’ikizere, bibagirira akamaro cyane ndetse na ba bandi barembye. Hari ibimenyetso byinshi bigaragaza ko kurangwa n’ikizere bifite akamaro cyane.

Kurangwa n’ikizere bifite akamaro

Umuganga witwa Gifford-Jones ukunda kwandika amakuru arebana n’iby’ubuvuzi, yavuze ko kurangwa n’ikizere ari umuti ukomeye. Yagenzuye ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, ashaka kumenya akamaro ko gufasha umurwayi uri hafi gupfa kugira ngo arangwe n’ikizere. Yasanze benshi bemera ko gufasha umurwayi gutyo bituma atiheba. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 1989, bwagaragaje ko abo barwayi babagaho igihe kirekire cyane kurusha abandi, ariko ubwakozwe nyuma yaho bugaragaza ko ibyo atari ukuri. Icyakora, muri rusange ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko abarwayi bafashwa kugira ngo barangwe n’ikizere, batababara cyane cyangwa ngo bahangayike nk’uko bigenda ku bandi.

Reka turebe ubundi bushakashatsi bugaragaza akamaro ko kurangwa n’ikizere ku bantu barwaye umutima n’ingaruka zo kwiheba ku bawurwaye. Hakozwe ubushakashatsi ku bagabo barenga 1.300, bababaza niba bafite ikizere k’ejo hazaza cyangwa niba nta cyo bafite. Imyaka icumi nyuma yaho, ubwo bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko 160 muri bo bari bararwaye umutima. Abenshi mu bawurwaye ni abatararangwaga n’ikizere. Laura Kubzansky, wigisha muri kaminuza yigisha iby’ubuvuzi y’i Harvard, yaravuze ati: “Ibyo bigaragaza ko kurangwa n’ikizere bigirira umutima akamaro kandi ni bwo bwa mbere abahanga babyemeje.”

Ubundi bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko iyo umuntu agiye kubagwa, akaba yari asanzwe yumva ko ubuzima bwe bumeze neza, nyuma yo kubagwa akira vuba, mu gihe usanzwe yumva ko ubuzima bwe atari bwiza, atinda gukira. Hari n’ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu barangwa n’ikizere babaho igihe kinini. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bantu bashaje, bugaragaza akamaro ko kudahangayikishwa no gusaza. Iyo baberekaga ubutumwa buvuga ko umuntu ushaje aba ari umunyabwenge kandi ari inararibonye, barushagaho kumererwa neza no kugira imbaraga. Byabagiriraga akamaro nk’aka siporo y’ibyumweru cumi na bibiri.

Kuki kurangwa n’ikizere bigirira akamaro ubuzima bw’umuntu? Birashoboka ko hari ibintu byinshi abahanga n’abaganga batari basobanukirwa ku mikorere y’ubwonko n’umubiri w’umuntu, ku buryo batasobanura neza ikibitera. Ariko abakoze ubushakashatsi kuri icyo kibazo bafite icyo babivugaho. Urugero, hari umwarimu wigisha iby’imikorere y’ubwonko muri kaminuza wagize ati: “Iyo umuntu yishimye, ntahangayika cyane kandi ibyo bituma agira ubuzima bwiza. Abantu bagombye gukora uko bashoboye bakagira ibyishimo kugira ngo bagire ubuzima bwiza.”

Abaganga, abahanga mu bijyanye n’imitekerereze y’abantu n’izindi mpuguke, bashobora kumva ibyo ari bishya, ariko abiga Bibiliya basanzwe babizi. Hashize imyaka igera ku 3.000 umwami wari umunyabwenge witwaga Salomo yanditse ati: “Umutima unezerewe urakiza, ariko umutima wihebye wumisha amagufwa” (Imigani 17:22). Ibyo ni ukuri rwose. Uyu murongo uvuze ko umutima unezerewe ukiza, ariko ntuvuze ko ukiza indwara zose.

None se iyaba kurangwa n’ikizere bikiza indwara, abaganga ntibajya babibwira abantu? Ariko nanone, kurangwa n’ikizere ntibituma tugira ubuzima bwiza gusa.

Ibyiza byo kurangwa n’ikizere n’ibibi byo kwiheba

Abahanga bavuga ko kurangwa n’ikizere bifite akamaro kenshi. Abantu barangwa n’ikizere baba abahanga mu ishuri no muri siporo kandi bakaba abakozi beza. Urugero, hari ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bagore bakora amasiganwa yo kwiruka. Abatoza babo bagenzuye ubushobozi buri wese afite bwo gutsinda amarushanwa. Nanone buri mukinnyi yabajijwe ubushobozi yumva afite. Ibyo bavugaga ko bashoboye ni byo bakoze muri ayo marushanwa, aho gukora ibyo abatoza babo bumvaga ko bashoboye. Kuki kurangwa n’ikizere bituma umuntu agera kuri byinshi?

Kugira ngo abahanga bamenye impamvu, bakoze ubushakashatsi ku bantu batarangwa n’ikizere. Hari ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu myaka irenga mirongo itanu ishize, bwagaragaje ko inyamaswa zishobora kugenda zitakaza ikizere, kandi ko n’abantu bibabaho. Urugero, abo bashakashatsi bafashe abantu babashyira mu cyumba kimwe cyarimo urusaku ruteye ubwoba. Bababwiye ko kugira ngo bahagarike urwo rusaku hari buto zitandukanye bagombaga gukanda, bakurikije amabwiriza bahawe. Barabikoze urusaku rurahagarara.

Bafashe abandi bantu babaha amabwiriza nk’ayo bahaye aba mbere, ariko bo bakanze kuri za buto urusaku ntirwahagarara. Birumvikana ko benshi muri bo batangiye gutakaza ikizere. Nyuma yaho igihe basubiraga muri icyo cyumba, ntibigeze bagerageza no gukanda buto n’imwe. Bumvaga ko icyo bakora cyose nta cyo byahindura. Icyakora, abantu barangwa n’ikizere bari muri iryo tsinda rya kabiri, ntibacitse intege ahubwo bakomeje kugerageza.

Dogiteri Martin Seligman yari mu bakoze ubwo bushakashatsi, kandi byatumye yiyemeza gukomeza gukora ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye no kurangwa n’ikizere no kutarangwa n’ikizere. Yakoze ubushakashatsi ku mpamvu zituma abantu bamwe bumva ko nta cyo bageraho. Yavuze ko iyo abantu batarangwa n’ikizere bareka kugira ikintu na kimwe bakora kuko baba bumva ko nta cyo bageraho. Yaravuze ati: “Namaze imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu nkora ubushakashatsi ku bantu batarangwa n’ikizere. Bamwe muri bo bumvaga ko ibibabaho ari bo babyitera, ko bizakomeza kubabaho kandi ko nta cyo bakora ngo babihagarike. Naje kubona ko abantu batekereza batyo bahura n’ibibi byinshi kuruta abarangwa n’ikizere.”

Ibyo na byo hari abumva ko ari bishya, ariko abiga Bibiliya basanzwe babizi. Hari umugani wo muri Bibiliya uvuga ngo: “Nucika intege ku munsi w’amakuba, imbaraga zawe zizaba nke” (Imigani 24:10). Ayo magambo agaragaza ko gucika intege no kutarangwa n’ikizere bituma utabona imbaraga zo gukora icyo wagombye gukora. None se wakora iki ngo urusheho kurangwa n’ikizere?

[Ifoto]

Kurangwa n’ikizere bifite akamaro cyane