Dîba diakabanga bikadilu kunyanguka bikole menemene

BUEBE wewe, ndîba kayi didi bikadilu bia bantu bituadije kunyanguka bikole menemene? Mmu tshikondo tshienu anyi? Peshi mmu tshia balela bebe anyi balunda bebe bakadi bakulakaje? Bamue badi mua kuamba ne: mvita ya kumpala ya buloba bujima ivua mienzeke mu 1914, yakafikisha ku tshikondo tshikuabu tshipiatshipia tshivua tshinyange bikadilu bia bantu bikole menemene. Robert Wohl, Mulongeshi wa mianda ya kale wakafunda mu mukanda wende (The Generation of 1914) ne: “Aba bavua basombele miaba ya mvita kabavua mua kulekela kuitaba ne: tshikondo tshimue tshiakimana ne tshikuabu tshiakatuadija mu ngondo wa muanda mukulu wa tshidimu tshia 1914 to.”

Norman Cantor, mumanyi wa mianda ya kale udi wamba ne: “Miaba yonso, mikenji ya bikadilu ivua munkatshi mua dinyanguka anyi yenda ijimina. Bena tshididi ne banene ba basalayi bobu benzele miliyo ya bantu badibu ne bua kukuba malu anu bu nyama idibu baya nayi bua kuyishipa, mikenji kayi ya tshitendelelu anyi ya malu a bikadilu idi mua kukandika bantu bua kubenga kuenzelangana malu ne tshikisu bu nyama ya muitu? . . . Mushindu uvua bantu bashipangane mu mvita ya kumpala ya buloba bujima [1914-18] wakapuekeshisha mushinga udi nawu muoyo wa muntu bikole menemene.”

Herbert George Wells mumanyi wa mianda ya kale wa mu Angleterre, mmuleje patoke mu mukanda wende mukuabu (The Outline of History) ne: mpanyima pa bamane kuitaba dilongesha dia ne: bintu mbidiluile, “ke kutuakamona dijimina dia bikadilu bimpe bionso.” Bua tshinyi? Bamue bavua bela meji ne: muntu nnyama udi ne meji. Wells uvua witaba dilongesha dia ne: bintu mbidiluile eu wakafunda mu 1920 ne: “Bavua bangate dipangadika dia ne: muntu nnyama utu usomba mu tshisumbu anu bu mbua ya mu tshisuku tshia mu Inde . . . , ke bualu kayi buabu bobu bivua bimpe mbua minene ya munkatshi mua bantu ivua ne bua kumuenena mbua mikuabu anyi kuyenzela bibi.”

Kadi anu mudi Cantor muleje, mvita ya kumpala ya buloba bujima mminyange bikadilu bimpe bia bantu. Udi umvuija wamba ne: “Mbanyagakaje malu a kale onso, tuambe ne: malu a tshididi, mvuadilu, mushindu wa kumona disangila.” Bitendelelu mbinyange malongesha a buena Kristo mu disaka bantu nseke yonso ibidi ku mvita, bilue kunyanga kabidi bikadilu bimpe bia bantu bikole menemene. Frank Crozier munene kampanda wa basalayi (général de brigade) wa mu Angleterre wakafunda ne: “Bu mudi bitendelelu bia bukua buena Kristo bimanye bimpe bua kusaka bantu ku diela mashi panshi tuakakuata nabi mudimu.

Mikenji ya bikadilu miela ku diala

Mu bidimu dikumi biakalondela mvita ya kumpala ya buloba bujima, [Bidimu bia malu a butatakane] bakimansha mikenji ne bikadilu bia kale ne kutekabu bua muntu yonso enze mudiye mumone. Frederick Lewis Allen, mumanyi wa mianda ya kale udi wamba ne: Bidimu dikumi biakalonda panyima pa mvita, bidi ne bua kuikala bimanyike bu Bidimu dikumi bia bikadilu bibi. . . . Pakavua bulongolodi bua malu bua kale kabutshiyiku, buakaya ne bikadilu bimpe bivua bituadije kutue muoyo mushinga ne kuwulengeja, ne bikavua bikole bua kupeta bikadilu bikuabu bia bimpe bidi bikengela kupingaja pa muaba wabi.

Lutatu lukole lua makuta lua mu 1930 luvua lunyukule bantu bikole menemene lubabueje mu bupele bukole. Pakavua bidimu abi bitue ku ndekelu, buloba buakabuela kabidi mu mvita mikuabu ivua minyangakaje malu bibi menemene [mvita mibidi ya buloba bujima]. Pashishe matunga akavua enza bia mvita bivua bienza buôwa, bipatula buloba mu lutatu lua makuta kadi bibubueja mu ntatu ne malu mabi avua muntu kayi muelele nansha meji to. Pakajika mvita, bimenga nkama ne nkama bivua bishale lupuishi; bibidi bia mu Japon bivua bibutula bionso kudi bombe atomike bumue tshianana. Bantu miliyo ne miliyo bakafua mu mushindu mubi wa dikema mu bimenga abi. Bungi busanga budi buleja ne: mvita mmishipa bantu balume, bakaji ne bana batue ku miliyo 50.

Mu nsombelu mikole ya tshikondo tshia mvita mibidi ya Buloba bujima, bantu bavua badielela yabu mikenji ya bikadilu ya kulonda pamutu pa kulonda mikenji ya bikadilu bimpe ya bankambua. Mu mukanda kampanda (Love, Sex and War​—Changing Values, 1939-45) badi bamba ne: “Bidi bimueneka ne: kakutshivua kabidi didikanda bua disangila dia mulume ne mukaji mu tshikondo atshi to, bualu malu aa avua menzeke anu muaba uvua mvita, akavua enzeka kabidi too ne ku mbanza ya bungi, muaba uvua kawuyi mvita to. . . . Malu a mu tshikondo tshia mvita aa kaakanenga bua kunyanga bikadilu bimpe bia bantu ne muoyo kawutshivua kabidi ne mushinga mu mbanza ya bungi to, ne ukavua wa tshitupa anu bu mutubi muaba wa mvita.”

Bu muvua bantu ba bungi batshina lufu, bikavua binyange malanda a bakuabu too ne a katupa kîpi mine. Mukaji mukuabu wa mu Angleterre wakateta kuleja bua tshinyi kakutshivua didikanda bua disangila dia mulume ne mukaji mu tshikondo atshi wamba ne: “Katuvua bendi ba masandi to, kadi mvita ke ivua yenza ayi. Musalayi mukuabu wa mu États-Unis wakamba ne: “Bilondeshile mikenji ya bikadilu ya bantu ba bungi, tuetu tuvua bendi ba masandi, kadi tuvua bansonga ne tuvua tufua dia buabua.

Bantu ba bungi bavua bapande ku mvita ayi bavua bakenga bua malu mabi matambe avuabu bamone. Too ne lelu eu, nansha batshivua bana mu tshikondo atshi malu au atu abavuila mu lungenyi, bamona anu bu ne: malu avua menzeke au adi mua kuenzeka tshiakabidi. Ba bungi mbajimije ditabuja diabu ne bua bualu abu kabatshiena ne busunguluji bua tshidi tshimpe ne tshidi tshibi. Bu muvua bantu kabatshiyi kabidi banemeka bulombodi kayi buonso buvua mua kuela mikenji ya tshidi tshimpe ne tshidi tshibi, muntu yonso ukavua wenza malu bilondeshile disua diende.

Mikenji ya bikadilu mipiamipia

Panyima pa mvita mibidi ya buloba bujima, bakapatula luapolo lua malu a disangila dia mulume ne mukaji luvuabu benze. Lumue luvua luenza mu États-Unis mu bidimu bia 1940, luvua luapolo lua Kinsey, luvua ne mabeji mapite pa 800. Biakamueneka ne: bantu ba bungi bakatuadija kuakula bua malu a disangila dia mulume ne mukaji badilekelele, pabi mmalu avua bantu bumvua bundu bua kuakula. Nansha muvua matshinka avuabu bafile mu luapolo alu lutangila bavua baditue mu tshilele tshia mulume ulala ne mulume ne mukaji ulala ne mukaji ne bienzedi bikuabu bibi bia disangila bivua bivule bibi menemene, luvua luleje patoke ne: panyima pa mvita, bikadilu bia bantu bivua binyanguke bibi bikole.

Munkatshi mua tshikondo bule kampanda, bantu bakadienzeja bua kulama bikadilu bimpe bia dimanya dia malu munkatshi mua bantu. Tshilejilu, ku bisanji, mu filme ne ku TV, kabavua batamba kuakuila anyi kuleja malu mabi a tshiendenda to. Kadi kabiakanenga to. William Bennett, uvua kavula mbedi momekela mianda ya tulasa wa mu États-Unis wakamba ne: “Mu bidimu bia 1960, Amerike wakatuadija tshidia ne uya mutangile ku tshitudi mua kubikila ne: dishintulula ngenyi ya bantu.” Ne bualu ebu buakenzeka ne mu matunga makuabu. Bua tshinyi mu bidimu bia 1960 bikadilu bia bantu biakanyanguka ne lukasa?

Mu bidimu abi, malu a mushindu ne mushindu akapatuka. Tshilejilu, bakaji bakadi bakeba budikadidi bua bungi ne mashintuluka mu mushindu wa kumona disangila dia mulume ne mukaji ne tshidibu babikila ne: tshikadilu tshipiatshipia. Ne kabidi, bakapatula buanga bua kukanga lulelu. Bu mutshivua bantu kabatshiyi batshina ne: bobu basangila mukaji udi mua kuimita difu, balume ne bakaji bakavua basangila ne muntu yonso uvuabu basue tshianana tshianana kabayi nansha ne meji a kuselangana nansha kakese.

Anu mu tshiotshi tshikondo atshi, bikandakanda, filme, ne TV, kabitshivua kabidi binemeka mikenji yabi ya bikadilu bimpe to. Zbigniew Brzezinski uvua mulombodi wa National Security Council mu États-Unis wakamba bua malongesha adi apatukila mu bintu bidibu bela ku TV ne: “Badi basaka bantu ku didisankisha nkayabu, baleja bantu ne: kuikala ne tshikisu ne tshimvundu tshia bungi nkuimpe, [ne] bidi bibasaka bua kuenda masandi mudibu basue.”

Kutuadijila mu bidimu bia 1970, tshisanji tshia kuelela bande ya video tshivua tshibudike bikole. Muntu yonso ukavua mpindieu mua kudimuenena filme mibi, ya bantu benda bangatangana, ivuaye kumpala kayi nansha mua kupima bua kuya mu sine bua kuyimona to utshina bua bantu kabalu kumumona. Bidimu bishale ebi, ku diambuluisha dia Enternete, filme ya bantu butaka ya mushindu mubi mutambe ikavuaku mu miaba ya bungi pa buloba kudi muntu yonso uvua ne ordinatere.

Bikadi bienza buôwa mu malu a bungi. Matuku mashale aa mulami wa buloko mukuabu wa mu États-Unis uvua muambe ne: “Kukadi bibimu dikumi, bana ba mu tshisalu bavua balua muaba eu, mvua mua kuakula nabu bua tshidi tshimpe ne tshidi tshibi. Kadi badi balua lelu badi bashala bantangile anu bu ne: ndi ndiakuila.”

Nkuepi kutudi mua kupetela buludiki?

Katuena mua kueyemena bitendelelu bia panu bua kutupeshabi buludiki to. Pamutu pa kuakuila mikenji ya buakane anu bu muvua Yezu ne bayidi bende benze mu bidimu lukama bia kumpala, bitendelelu biakadienza tshintu tshimue ne ba pa buloba bienza pabi malu mabi a bena panu. Mufundi mukuabu wakafunda webeja ne: “Mmvita kayi itu kayiyi mianji kuenzeka bantu ba nseke yonso ibidi kabayi bamba ne: Nzambi udi ku tshiabu?” Kukadi bidimu bia bungi, munene mukuabu wa mu tshitendelelu mu New York wakamba bua ditumikila mikenji ya Nzambi ya bikadilu bimpe ne: “Tshitendelelu ke bulongolodi bumue bua pa buloba budi ne mikenji idi kayiyi ne bua nsongo to, nansha ya mu mashinyi mine atu ambula bantu mmiyipite.

Bidi bimueneka patoke ne: dinyanguka dia bikadilu mu bulongolodi ebu didi dilomba bua kuenza bualu kampanda ne lukasa. Kadi mbualu kayi abu? Ntshinyi tshidi tshikengela kushintulula? Nnganyi udi mua kutshishintulula, ne mushindu kayi wenzekabi?

[Lungenyi lunene]

“Mushindu uvua bantu bashipangane mu mvita ya kumpala ya buloba bujima [1914-18] wakapuekeshisha mushinga udi nawu muoyo wa muntu bikole menemene”

[Kazubu]

MUNTU WA TSHITEMBU KUMPALA KUA MUENA BIKADILU BIMPE

Ku kale, bivua bipepele bua kumanya muntu wa tshitembu. Muntu udi mua kuikala ne bululame, lulamatu, mukezuke, muntu udibu bapesha bunême anyi udibu kabayi babupesha to. Lelu eu, badi bakula bua muntu wa “bikadilu bimpe” pa muaba wa kuakula bua “muntu wa tshitembu.” Kadi muaba eu kudi kalutatu anu bu mudibi bileja kudi Gertrude Himmelfarb mufundi wa mianda ya kale mu mukanda wende (The De-Moralization of Society) wamba ne: “Muntu kena mua kuakula bua muntu wa tshitembu bu mudiye mua kuakula bua muena bikadilu bimpe, . . . kuamba ne: muntu ne muntu udi ne bukenji bua kusungula bua kuikala wa tshitembu mu mushindu udiye musue to.”

Mmuambe ne: bikadilu bimpe “bidi mua kuikala malu adi muntu witabuja, mmuenenu anyi mushindu wa kumona malu, mudi muntu udiumvua munda muende, bilele, mikenji miela mu dipetangana, bidi muntu musue, kansungansunga, anyi nansha muntu udikebela anu buimpe buende nkayende, mmumue ne: ntshionso tshidi muntu, tshisumbu tshia bantu, anyi ditunga dijima dianyisha dîba kayi dionso didibu basue, ne bua bualu kayi buonso.” Mu tshikondo tshidi muntu yonso mua kuenza malu mudiye musue etshi, bantu mbamone ne: mbimpe bobu nkayabu kudisunguila bikadilu bidibu bamone ne: mbimpe, anu bu mutubu basungula bintu mu tshisalu. Kadi malu owu nunku, kuikala muntu wa tshitembu mulelela eku ne bikadilu bia bantu mbiye penyi?

[Tshimfuanyi]

Bikadi mpindieu bipepele bua kupeta bintu bia dipitshisha nabi kapepe mu mushindu mubi