Nungchang A Tlâkchhiat Hle Hun

NUNGCHANG a tlâkchhiat hle ṭan hun chu i sawi thei ang em? I dam lai hian ngei ni a, tûn hmaa i chhûngkhat laina te, a nih loh leh ṭhenrual hlui te hunah khân em ni? Mi ṭhenkhat chuan kum 1914-a inṭan Khawvêl Indopui I-na avângin tûn kan hunah hian nasa takin nungchâng a tlâkchhiat thu an sawi a. Chanchin zir mi Robert Wohl-a chuan The Generation of 1914 tih a lehkhabu ziakah chuan: “Indopui pal tlangtute chuan kum 1914, August thlaah khawvêl pakhat a tâwpin, khawvêl dang pakhat a piang chhuak tih ngaih dân chu an rilru aṭangin an piahchhuak thei lo,” tiin a ziak a ni.

Chanchin zir mi Norman Cantor-a chuan: “Hmun tinah hian, nungchang lama tehnate a tla hniam nasa hle a. Indo chhûng khân, politic mite leh thuneitute chuan mi maktaduai tam tamte chu ramsate angin an cheibâwl a, chutianga ramsate ang maia an inseh tawh chu eng sakhua mah, nungchang lama eng kaihhruaina mahin a thunun thei lo. . . Indopui Pakhatna [1914 -18] chhûng khân, mi tam tak râwng taka tihhlumna chuan mihring nun hlutna a tihniam vek a ni,” tiin a sawi.

English mi, chanchin lama mi thiam H. G. Wells-a chuan The Outline of History, tih a lehkhabu ziahah chuan chanchhâwnna thurin pawm a nih hnuah chuan “nungchang tlâkchhitna pawh a tla hniam ve ngâl,” tih a sawi a ni. Engvângin nge chutianga a nih? Mi ṭhenkhat chuan mihring chu rannungte aia chungnung zâwk chauh kan ni tih ngaih dân an nei a. Chanchhâwnna thurin ringtu Wells-a chuan kum 1920-ah heti hian a ziak a ni: “Mite chuan mihring chu India rama sapêl uite anga a huhova awm khâwm ransate mai angin an ngai a. . . , chuvângin, a chak zâwk zâwk chuan a chak lo zâwk chu an hnehchhiah ṭhîn pawhin an tân chuan thil dik niin a lang,” tiin a ziak a ni.

Ni e, Cantor-a sawi angin, khawvêl indopui pakhatna chuan a dik leh dik lo chungchânga mite tehna chu a thlâk thawk a. Ani chuan heti hian a hrilhfiah a ni: “Chhuan hmasate chu pokitics-ah te, inthuam dânah te, leh mipat hmeichhiatna lamah pawh nise, an hming chhe hle,” tiin. Church-te chuan chanchhâwnna pawm a, indo tawn reng ṭhîn ramte chu thil dik lo ti tûra fuihin Kristian zirtîrnate a tihkhaw loh avângin nungchang lamah pawh a tlachhe nasa hle a. British Sipai Lal Frank Crozier-a chuan heti hian a ziak a ni: “Kristian Church-te chu râwng taka tual thah duhna nei tûra mite fuih thiam berute an nih avângin anni chu zalên takin kan hmang ṭangkai a ni,” tiin.

Nungchang Lama Tehnate Ngaihthah A Ni

Khawvêl Indopui I-na hnu lam kum sâwmbi chhûngin, mite chuan nungchang lama tehna hluite leh inkhuahkhirhnate chu an ngaihthah luiin engkim pawm theih a ni tih ngaih dân nên an thlâk ta a. Mihringte Chanchin zir mi Frederick Lewis Allen-a chuan heti hian a sawi a ni: “Indopui hnu lam kum sâwm vêl chhûng kha nungchang lama nasa taka tlâkchhiat hun tia hriat lâr a ni a. . . . Khawvêl hlui chu a ruahmannate chawpa a boral rualin nun awmze neihtîrtu nungchang lam tehnate pawh a boral a, chumi aiawhtu tûr tehna dângte chu awlsam taka zawn hmuh theih mai a ni lo,” tiin a ziak a ni.

Kum 1935 chho bâwr vêla khawvêl sumdâwnna a tlâkchhiat tâk avângin, mi tam tak chu reitheihna khurah an tla lût a. Mahse, chu kum sâwmbi tâwp lamah chuan, khawvêl chu chhiatna nasa zâwk thlentu Khawvêl Indopui II-naah a tla lût bawk. Rei lo têah, khawvêl ram hrang hrangte chuan mi tichhe thei râlthuam hlauhawm tak takte an siam chhuah avângin, khawvêl chu sumdâwnna tlâkchhiatna khur ata chhuahtîr theih ni mah se, mihringte ngaihtuah phâk bâkin hrehawmna leh dinhmun hlauhawm takah a tla lût ta a ni. Indonate a tâwp meuh chuan, khawpui lian tak takte chu tihchhiat a niin; Japan rama khawpui pahnih chu atomic bomb avângin lâk tlâk lohvin a chhe vek! Mi maktaduai tam tak pawh râwng tak taka inchhâwrna hmun concentration camp-ahte chuan an boral bawk. Indona avângin, a hmei a pa, leh naupangte pawh tiamin mi maktaduai 50 vêlin nunna an chân a ni.

Khawvêl Indopui II-na chhûng khân, mite chuan hun rei tak aṭanga an lo zawm ṭhin tehnate chu vuan chhunzawm tawh lovin, nungchang lama mahni ṭha tih dân ang angin an nung chho ta a. Chumi chungchâng chu Love, Sex and War—Changing Values, 1939-45, tih lehkhabu-ah heti hian a sawi a ni: “Indona hmuna nungchang inthunun lohnain mihringte chênna bial a rawn thlen tâk avângin, indo hun lai vêl chuan mipat hmeichhiatna lama inkhuahkhirhnate a tâwp ta a. . . . Indo hun chhûngin, hmanhmawhna leh rilru lam phûrnate chuan nungchang lama inkhuahkhirhnate chu a hnûk hniam chak hle a, khaw chhûnga mite nunna chu indona muala mite nunna tlukin hlutna a nei lovin, a tâwi hle a ni,” tiin.

Mite chuan dinhmun hlauhawm an hmachhawn reng ṭhin avângin, chu chuan hun rei lo te chhûng pawh ni se, rilru lama inpawhna neih an châknate chu a tizualkai a ni. British nu pakhat chuan, chûng hun hrehawm tak chhûnga mipat hmeichhiatna lama an tlâkchhiatna chu hetiang hian sawi nêp a tum a ni: “Nungchang bawlhhlawh tak zawng kan ni hauh lo, indona a awm vâng mai a ni,” tiin. America sipai pakhat erawh chuan, “Nungchang lama mi tam takte tehna aṭanga thlîr chuan, nungchang bawlhhlawh takte kan ni a lâwm; ṭha laite kan ni a, naktûka thi mai thei kan ni si a,” tiin a sawi thung.

Indona ata dam khawchhuak tam tak chuan an thiltawn râpthlâk tak takte avângin rilru hrehawmin an awm a. Chutih hun laia naupangte pawh tiamin, mi ṭhenkhat chuan, tûn hmaa an thiltawn râpthlâk tak takte chu vawiin ni thlêng hian, an rilru-ah a la châm reng a. Mi tam tak chuan an rinna an hloh rualin nungchang lama tehna pawh an nei tawh lo a ni. Mite chuan a dik leh dik lo chungchânga tehna siamtu thuneitute chungah zahna an nei tawh lovin, engkim hi dinhmun azira inthlâk danglam tûr angin an ngai zo tawh a ni.

Nungchang Lama Tehna Tharte

Khawvêl Indopui II-na hnu lam khân, mipat hmeichhiatna lama mihringte nungchang zir chianna neih a ni a. Kum 1945 chho bâwr vêla United States-a neih zir chianna pakhat chu phêk 800 aia tam Kinsey Report hi a ni a. Chutah chuan, mi tam tak chuan an sawi chhuah duh ngai loh mipat hmeichhiatna thute chu zalên takin a sawi chhuak a. Neih inang kawp chîng mite leh nungchang mawi lo tak lantîrtute chungchâng chuta târ lan thute chu a lutuka sawi uarna mai a ni tih a hnua ngaih ni mah se, indo hnu lamah chuan mite nungchang chu a tlachhe nasa hle tih zir chianna chuan a târ lang a ni.

Nungchang mawi vawng ṭha reng tûr chuan hun eng emaw chen thawhrim a ngai a. Entîr nân, radio te, film te, leh television-ahte chuan nungchang bawlhhlawhna lam hawite chu khap tlat a ni a. Mahse, chu chuan rei a awh ta lo a ni. U.S.A. a awm tûn hmaa zirna lama mi thiam William Bennett-a chuan: “Kum 1965 chho bâwr vêl a thlen chuan America chu nungchang lamah a thlachhe rawk rawk mai a ni,” tiin a sawi. Ram dang hmun tam takah pawh chutiang bawk chu a ni a. Engvângin nge kum 1965 chho bâwr vêl chuan mite chu nungchang lama an tlâkchhiat chak êm êm ni?

Chûng kum sâwm bi chhûng chuan, hmeichhiate zalênna atâna hmalâkna leh nungchang thar tia koh mipat hmeichhiatna lama ngai dân thlâk danglamna atâna hmalâknate a rawn awm chho mup mup mai a. Chu bâkah, nau pai lo tûra in danna ṭha tak takte pawh siam chhuah a ni a. Nau pai hlauhthâwn ngai lova mipat hmeichhiatna hmanna te, “innei si lova awm dunnate,” a nih loh leh, “thutiamna awm lova mipat hmeichhiatna hmanna te” chu thil pângngai a lo ni ta a ni.

Chutih rual chuan, chanchin bu te, movies te, leh television te chuan nungchang lama tehnate chu a ngai pawimawh lo êm êm a. A hnuah, TV-a tihlan tehna chungchângah U.S. National Security Council-a thurâwn petu zînga hotu pakhat Zbigniew Brzezinski-a chuan: “Chûngte chuan mahni tisa châknate chauh an chawi lâr a, tharum thawhna leh nunrâwnnate chu thil pângngai ang lêktin an lantîr a, an kawpte nêna mipat hmeichhiatna hmanna chu an sawi mawi a ni,” tiin a sawi.

Kum 1975 chho bâwr vêl chuan, VCR (video chhuahna khâwl tê) chu a rawn lâr ṭan a. Tûn laiah, mite chuan video chhuahna hall-a va kala nungchang bawlhhlawhna lam hawi filmte chu en ngai tawh lovin, mahni in lum ngeiah zalên takin an en thei tawh a ni. Tûn hnaiahte khân, computer neite chuan internet aṭangin saruak leh leh thuziakte chu awlsam takin an en a ni.

Kawng tam takin chûng a sawhkhâwte chu a râpthlâk hle a. America rama tân in vêngtu pakhat chuan, “Kal ta kum sâwm vêl khân tân ina awm ṭhalaite nên thil dik leh dik lo chungchâng kan sawiho ṭhîn a. Mahse, tân ina lo lût thar ṭhalaite chuan ka sawi awmziate chu an hrethiam lo a ni,” tiin a sawi.

Khawiah Nge Kaihhruaina Kan Hmuh Theih?

Nungchang lama kaihhruaina chu he khawvêla church-ahte chuan hmuh theih a ni lo. Church-te chuan thu bul fel takte chu Isua leh kum zabi khatnaa a hnungzuitute angin an vuan ve lo va, anni chuan he khawvêl leh a thil chîn ṭha lote chu a zui zâwk a ni. Ziaktu pakhat chuan: “Indona a awm apiangin a lehlam lehlamin Pathianin a ṭanpui niin an sawi ve ve ṭhîn a ni lâwm ni?” tiin a ziak a. Kal ta kumahte khân, nungchang lama Pathian tehnate vawnna chungchângah, New York City-a awm pastor pakhat chuan: “Khawvêlah hian motor chhûnga luh aia awlsam zâwka luh theih pâwl awm chhun chu church hi a ni,” tiin a sawi.

Ni e, khawvêl hi nungchang lama a tlâkchhiat nasat êm avângin thil engemaw chu siam ṭhat vat a ngai a ni. A nih chuan, eng nge tih ngai chu? Eng inthlâk danglamna nge siam ngai? Chu chu tuin nge siam thei a, engtianga hlen theih nge a nih?

 [Thu tâwi]

“Khawvêl Indopui Pakhatna [1914-18] chhûnga mi tam tak tihhlumna chuan mihring nun hlutna a tihhniam phah hle”

[Bâwm]

NUNGCHANG TEHNA LEH HLUTNA INAN LOHNA

Nungchang tehna chu a fiahin, a chiang hle a. Mi chu a dikin, a rinmawmin, a thianghlimin, chawimawi tlâk emaw, chawimawi tlâk lo emaw a ni thei a. Tûnah chuan “hlutna” tih thu mal hian “nungchang tehna” hmun chu a luah tawh a ni. Mahse, hemi chungchânga harsatna chu mihringte chanchin zir mi Gertrude Himmelfarb-i chuan The De-Moralization of Society, tih a lehkhabu ziahah chuan: “Miin hlutna a thlîrna a ṭangin a teh thei a; mahse, nungchang tehna chu chutianga mahni duh anga teh theih a ni lo,” tiin a ziak a ni.

Ani chuan hlutnaah chuan “rinna te, ngaih dân te, rilru put hmang te, rilru vei zâwng te, chîn dân te, vântlâng thil chîn dân te, duh zâwng te, pâwngpaw duhna emaw, huatna emaw te, leh ze hran bîk neihnate a tel thei a, tute pawh ni rawh se, eng pâwla mi pawh ni rawh se, chûngte chu chhan hrang hrang avângin atân hlutna neiah a chang thei a ni,” tiin a sawi a. Tûn lai kan khawvêl nun inthlahdah takah hian, mite tâna hlutna chu supermarket-a kan thil lei duh zâwng zâwng kan thlang thei ang mai hian duh duh thlan theih angin an sawi a. Mahse, chutianga duh thlan theih a nih chuan, hluntna dik tak leh nungchang ṭhate chu engtin nge a awm theih tawh ang?

 [Milem]

Intihhlimna tlachhe takte chu neih a awlsam chho telh telh