Nkipungo kinyi kibabangile kuluila ngikashi ya bantu musango umune?

NKIPUNGO kyomono’shi nkibabangile kuluila ngikashi ya bantu musango umune? Mmafuku atoboodi na muwa su mmafuku a baledi sunga a ba kuuku abaapu kukula su? Bangi abamba shi Ngoshi ya kumpala ya nsenga ishima, ibabangile mu 1914, ibaadi itweshe kipungo kikile bipungo byooso bubi pabitale ngikashi. Robert Wohl, Mulongyeshi a myanda ya kala baadi mufunde mu mukanda waye (The Generation of 1914) shi: “Baaba abaadi na muwa mu kipungo kya ino ngoshi ta mbalombeene efuku su ndimune kukaasha mu binangu byabo shi ndumbulwilo a nsenga umune baadi mufikie ku nfudiilo na ungi nkubanga mu mweshi wa Mwanda 1914.”

Norman Cantor, sha binangu mu myanda ya kala bambile shi: “Mbalo yooso, miiya itale mwikeelo na nshalelo a bantu​—ayo ibaadi ipwe kubanga kulwila—​ibaadi ibutulwe. Su beena politike na bakata ba basalayi abaadi abaata bantu bu nyema yabadi balombeene kwipaa, byabya miiya kinyi ya bipwilo sunga itale mwikeelo ikumbeene kutosha bantu kwikitshishena myanda nka bi nyema ya kisuku i bukyelo? . . . Kwipaa kwa midiyo ya bantu mu Ngoshi ya Nsenga ishima ya Kumpala [1914-18] kubaadi eyendo kupeeshe muulo wa muwa wa muntu.”

Mu bifundwe byaaye (The Outline of History), Herbert G. Wells, mwina Angleterre sha binangu mu myanda ya kala alesha shi bibaadi kunyima kwa kukumiina malongyesha a evolisio “kulwishibwa kwa ngikashi kubabangile.” Bwakinyi? Bangi ababangile kumona shi muwa wa muntu wi nka bu wa nyema, kadi ulongame ndambo. Herbert G. Wells, aye namu baadi mukumiine malongyesha a evolisio bafundile mu 1920 bino: “Babaadi baate kitshibilo shi muntu nyema ashala na bangi nka bi miseu ya mu Inde ayiteyaa mu bisaka . . . , byabya bibaadi abimweneka shi mbikumbane shi miseu i bukome mu miilo ya bantu bakyengyeshe na kumuna bangi.”

Byabya, anka bibaadi bileshe Cantor, ngoshi ya nsenga ishima ya kumpala ibaadi ishintuule ngofu miiya ya bantu pabitale ki buwa na kibubi. Baadi mupatuule bino: “Kipungo kya kala kibaadia kwatshibwa bu kishibaadi buwa​—mu myanda ya politike, mu nfwadilo, na myanda itale kusangisha kwa mbidi.” Bipwilo, abyo bibaadi bilwishe malongyesha a bwina Kidishitu pa’byo kukumiina malongyesha a evolisio na kutwelakana mu ngoshi ya maumbo, mbikwashe ngofu mu kulwila kwa ngikashi. Frank Crozier, Mukata umune a basalayi ba mu Angleterre baadi mufunde shi: “Bipwilo bya bwina Kidishitu nyi bitushe kuno kwiyipayishena kwatwiyipayishena na atutumika na bipwilo mwatukumiina.”

Miiya itale mwikeelo ngisumbushenue

Mu bipwa ekumi kunyi kwa Ngoshi ya kumpala ya nsenga ishima​—bibabetanyinga bu bipwa bia Kusepela—​mikeelo ibuwa ya kala na ingi myanda ibaadi ikandjikwe ibaadi itudibwe ku lupese na pa mbalo yayo twi nka shi muntu akitshi kyakumiina. Frederick Lewis Allen, sha binangu mu myanda ya kala amba shi: “Bipwa ekumi bibaadi bilonde ngoshi, twi kwamba shi nyi mbipwa ekumi bya Ngikashi ibi. . . . Pabaadi ndumbulwilo a myanda a kala mukatukye pamune na myanda ibuwa ibaadi ayipa muwa wa muntu muulo na mpango, pa mbalo yayo takubaadi kumwenekye kyakwiyipyanisha.”

Dikyenga Dikata dibaadi ditwele mu bipwa 1930 dibaadi ditume bantu bebungi bwa kwikala na kwidinga mwanda bebungi babaadi bapone mu bulanda. Kadi, ku nfudiilo kwa bipwa 1930, nsenga ibaadi itwele mu ingi ngoshi ikile bubi​—Ngoshi ya kabidi ya nsenga ishima. Musango umune maumbo ababangile kukita mamputu akata, na bino bibaadi bitshimbishe makyenga a mmono abaadi mu nsenga, kadi nkubangisha kipungo kya moo ukilekile pa nsenga. Ku nfudiilo kwa ngoshi, bibundji nkama bibaadi bilwishibwe; bibundji bibidi bya mu Japon bibaadi bitutshikye, kibundji kimune kimune kibaadi kibutudibwe na bombe atomique umune! Midiyo ya bantu abaadi bafwe mu ma camps de concentration. Mu byoso, ino ngoshi ibaadi ipayishe bantu pepi na midiyo 50, balume, bakashi na bana.

Mu kino kipungo kya kutshina kya Ngoshi ya ya kabidi ya nsenga ishima, pamutwe pa kulonda miiya ya kala ibaadi ikuminyibwe, bantu abatshile abo banabeene yabo miiya itale muikeelo. Mukanda umune (Love, Sex and War​—Changing Values, 1939-45) aulesha shi: “Abimweneka shi kwidinga pabitale kusangisha mbidi kubaadi kusumbulwe mu mafuku a ngoshi, anka bu’shi mwikelo wa kukutwa kwidinga ubaadi ukuminyibwe mu ngoshi ubatwelele mpa na mu mashibo . . . Lubilo na kukutwa kwidinga kwa ngoshi kubaadi kukaashe bukidi miiya itale mwikeelo, na muwa ubabangile kupeela muulo mu mashibo mu ngoshi.”

Bibaadi bantu nsaa yooso mu masaku a lufu, bibaadi bitamishe lukalo lwabo lwa bulunda, sunga bwa mafuku apeela. Ungi mwina mudimo mukashi mu Angleterre amba bino bwa kulesha kukutwa kwa kwidinga pabitale kusangisha kwa mbidi mu bino bipwa bi bukopo: “Tatubaadi basha lusandji nya, kubaadi ngoshi.” Musalayi umune a mu Amerique baadi mukumiine shi: “Muyile miiya ya miilo ibungi tubaadi basha lusandji, kadi tubaadi bakinga na tubaadi balombeene kufwa efuku adilondo.”

Bantu bebungi bashi bafwe mu ino ngoshi abaadi bakyengye pabitale myanda ya kutshina ibaabadi bamone. Mpa na lelo bangi, na bano babaadi bana bakinga mu aa mafuku, abakyengye mu binangu pabanangushena myanda ya kala, abamonaa nka bu’shi bi kukitshika dingi. Bebungi mbashimishe lukumiino lwabo pamune na miiya itale muikeelo. Kukutwa kwa kunemeka bufumu kampanda bulombeene kutusha miiya itale biya na bibi, bantu ababangile kumona byoso’shi mbitale muntu na muntu na myanda yafumankana nayo.

Miiya ipia pabitale mwikeelo

Kunyima kwa Ngoshi ya kabidi ya nsenga ishima, kwi mikanda ibaadi itushibwe pabitale mwikeelo wa bantu mu myanda itale kusangisha kwa mbidi. Umune wa ku ino mikanda ubaadi Rapore a Kinsey baadi na masaki akile 800, baadi mulongye ngikashi ya bantu mu États-Unis mu bipwa 1940. Bu kipeta, bantu bababangile kwisamba patooka pabitale myanda ya kusangisha mbidi, aku namu kala tayibaadi ayisambilwa patooka nya. Sunga byekala shi bantu babamonanga shi bungi bwa bantu bepane mu kwiyatena kwa mulume na mulume sunga ingi ngikashi ibi pabitale kusangisha kwa mbidi bubaadi bukilekile, uno rapore baadi muleshe bibaadi bilwile ngofu ngikashi ya bantu kunyima kwa ngoshi.

Munda mwa mafuku, bantu babetatshishanga bua kulesha’shi myanda ayende kalolo. Bu kileshesho, ku kisaashi, mu ma filme, na ku television, myanda yooso ibi ibaadi ayikashiibwa. Kadi bino tabibaadi biyishe nya. William Bennett, Secrétaire à l’Éducation a kala a mu Etats-Unis, baadi mupatuule shi: “Kubanga mu bipwa 1960, Amérique babangile bukidibukidi na kutungunuka kutadiila kulwila kwa myanda itale nshalelo a bantu.” Na bino bibaadi bikitshikye mu maumbo ebungi. Bwakinyi, mu bipwa 1960, kulwila kwa ngikashi kubaadi kukamine?

Mu byabya bipwa, mu bipungo bimune, kubakitshikile kisaka bwa bulungantu bwa bakashi na nshintulukilo mukata pabitale myanda ya kusangisha mbidi. Na dingi, kubatukile manga a kupela kwimita eyimi. Nsaa ilombeene bantu kusangisha mbidi kushi kutshina eyimi, abapete “bulungantu bwa kwikyebena,” sunga “kwikyebeena mpa na muntu oshi na lukalo lwa kwikala pamune mafuku ebungi.”

Ku lungi lupese, ku bisaashi, ma filme, na televisio ta mbilame miiya imune ya ngikashi. Zbigniew Brzezinski, mukata a kala a Conseil national de Sécurité a mu États-Unis, bambile bino pabitale myanda ayileshibwa ku TV: “Ayisamuna patooka kwisangasha, abalesha’shi buntapanyi na buntomboshi mbintu bibuwa, na kutuma bantu mu kusangisha mbadi mu mishindo i butshafu.”

Mu bipwa 1970, ma magnétoscope abaadi apwe kupalakana. Mu mashibo abo, bantu babaadi balombeene kutala video ayilesha patooka bantu abekyebeena, myanda yabashibaadi balombeene kukumiina kutala munkatshi mwa bantu mu mbalo ya cinema. Mu mafuku ashale, ku bukwashi bwa Internete, pornografi ya mishindo ikile butete mbakumbeene kwiyitala mu nsenga ishima kwi muntu ooso e na ordinatere.

Bipeta bituukye mu bino byooso mbya kukaanya. Mukata umune a lukano mu Etats-Unis amba shi: “Mu bipwa ekumi bishale, pabaadi bana bakinga abafiki mu lukano, naadi nesamba nabo pabitale biya na bibi. Kadi bano bana abafiki ano mafuku tabauku kintu su nkimune kyanesamba nabo.”

Nkunyi kwatudia kupeta bukunkushi?

Tatwi balombeene kukimba bukwashi mu bipwilo bya pano bwa kupeta bukunkushi pabitale mwikeelo. Pamutwe pa kulama mayi a kulonda alulame bu bibakitshine Yesu na balongi baaye ba kumpala, bipwilo mbitweshe mu bya pano pa nsenga na myanda yabyo ibi. Mufundi umune bayipwishe shi: “Mmu ngoshi kinyi mwatushi bamone abamba’shi Efile Mukulu e ku lupese looso?” Pabitale kukutwa kwa bipwilo kwa kulonda miiya y’Efile Mukulu pabitale mwikeelo, mu bipwa bishale mukata umune a kipwilo mu kibundji kya New York bambile shi: “Kipwilo nyi ndumbulwilo penda umune mukutwe miiya ya kwimutwela kukila mpa na mu bus.”

Eyendo, kuno kulwila kukata kwa ngikashi akulesha’shi abitungu kukita kintu kampanda. Kadi nkinyi akitungu kukita? Nkinyi akitungu kushintuula? Nnanyi mulombeene kwibikita, na mushindo kinyi autungu kwibikita?

[Eyi dya kukaka nadyo binangu bya bantu]

“Kwipa kwa midiyo ya bantu mu Ngoshi ya Nsenga ishima ya Kumpala [1914-18] kubaadi eyendo kupeeshe muulo wa muwa wa muntu”

[Kashibo]

MYANDA ILULAME NA MYANDA AYATSHIBWA NA MUULO

Myanda ilulame tayibaadi kala bukopo kushinguula nya. Kushinguula shi muntu e na mwikeelo ululame, e na lulamato, ta mwina lusandji sunga shi e na mwikeelo wa kineemo. Ano mafuku, “myanda ayatshibwa na muulo” nyi yate mbalo ya “myanda ilulame.” Na bino abitusha lukalakashi bu abilesha Gertrude Himmelfarb, sha binangu mu myanda ya kala mu mukanda waye Kulwila kwa mwikeelo wa bantu (Angl.): “Muntu te kwisamba pabitale myanda ilulame bu byabesamba pabitale myanda ayatshibwa na muulo . . . shi muntu na muntu e matalwa a kusangula myanda yamonaa‘shi ngilulame.”

Alesha shi myanda ayatshibwa na muulo “ngilombeene kwikala nkumiino, mweneno a myanda, abipusha muntu kwishimba, biubishi, myanda ikuminyibwe mu kisaka, myanda ikumiine muntu na muntu, ntondo, mpa na kungi kwilekeena​—byooso bikumbeene muntu, kisaka sunga mwilo wata na muulo, mu mafuku kampanda sunga bwa mwanda kampanda.” Mu kino kipungo ki miilo na bulungantu, bantu abamonaa shi be na matalwa a kusangula kyabakumiina kwata na muulo, byabasangulaa bintu mu kisalwe. Kadi bu byabidi byabya, nkinyi akikitshika pabitale myanda ilulame na itale mwikeelo?

[Foto]

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