Komansy Ombian̈a Ten̈a Niova Fitondranten̈anolo?

ARAKA hevitrinao, ombian̈a ma ten̈a nanomboko nitombo raha ratsy? Tatoato sa taminy andra niain̈andry havanao na taminy andrany namanao efa zokizokinao? Misy olo mivolan̈a fa ten̈a nahairatsy toetrinolo nanomboko taminy Ady Lehibe I, taminy 1914. Karaha ty ho Robert Wohl, papianatra momba tantara, amy boky nisoratiny Taranaka Taminy 1914 (angiley): “Olo aby tsy naty taminy ady in̈y nino fa nisy donia araiky nifaran̈a taminy Aoty 1914, baka io nisy donia araiky hafa nanomboko. Tsy nafaka tan̈aty jerindro foeky raha zen̈y.”

Karaha ty ndraiky ho Norman Cantor, pahay tantara: “Zay tany nimboanao tsisy olo mba nan̈aboaka toetry tsara taminolo nan̈odidin̈y izy eky. Efa ten̈a vitsy olo nan̈ano zen̈y, talohanio. Nataondro pan̈ano politiky ndreky iro manamboninahitry aby io mira biby handeha hivonen̈a in̈y fitondrasandro olo antapitrisany tamy fitondrasan̈andro. Tsy mahagaga izikoa nifampitondra karaha biby olo ndray tio iro fitsipiky isankarazany napetrakandro, an̈isanizen̈y ny baka amy fivavahan̈a. … Nanjary tsisy valerany foeky fahin̈ana, fotony efa tsy voakonty olo nivonen̈y karaha biby, taminy Ady Lehibe I [1914-1918].”

Nivolan̈a H. Wells, pahay tantara angiley salakady nino evolision, amy boky nisoratiny Famintin̈ana Tantara, fa tafarany ninoanolo evolision ten̈a nanomboko “tsy nijery raha momba ny tsara ndreky ratsy” olo. Fotony nan̈ino? Nisy olo nieritreritry fa atsika io zen̈y biby fo, fa mba an̈abo karazan̈a hely fo. Karaha ty ho Wells, taminy 1920: ‘Nieritreritry iro fa atsika io biby miaraka miain̈y aminy amboa indien pangoron̈o in̈y, ke lan̈iany maventy mampijaly ny madiniky.’

Marin̈y ankitin̈y volan̈a Cantor. Niova ankitin̈y fiheveranolo ny tsara ndreky ratsy tafarany Ady Lehibe I. Karaha ty ho izy: “Nifen̈y iro nandresy lahatra olo fa tsy nety raha jiaby nataonolo talohany lagera in̈y, na tamy resaka politiky zen̈y, na fisanjian̈a, na fiheveran̈a raha momba firaisan̈a.” Nahainitombo fo raha ratsy izikoa fa nino evolision fivavahan̈a salakady nandrisiky olo handeha lagera, ndray tsy man̈isy fotiny fampianaran̈any Kristy raha zen̈y. Karaha ty ho zeneraly britaniky araiky, Frank Crozier an̈aranany: “Fivavahan̈a Kristianin̈y ten̈a mahay mandrisiky olo hamono olo, ke nampiasainay eraka ny nitiavanay izy.”

Tsy nijirenolo eky fitsipiky momba fitondranten̈a

Tafarany Ady Lehibe I, tsy nijirenolo eky fitsipiky momba fitondranten̈a zen̈y. Taon̈ony Donia nikahiandro taon̈o tafarany lagera io. Olo tamy zen̈y nihevitry fa mety fo lan̈iany raha ataondro. Karaha ty ho Frederick Allen, pahay tantara: “Mety tsarabe izikoa kahian̈a Folo Taon̈ony Tsy Fahalalampomba iro folo taon̈o fan̈araka nivitany lagera in̈y. … Tsisy eky fitsipiky momba fitondranten̈a narahin̈y nahavy fiain̈ana nilamin̈y ndreky nisy dikany taloha in̈y, fa kanefa tsisy fitsipiky vaovao eky nisoloan̈a izy.”

Tan̈elan̈elan̈a 1930 ndreky 1940 ndraiky olo nitandritandrin̈y hely. Tamy zen̈y nisy krizy ekonomiky erantany, ke loso nahantra mare olo tamy zen̈y. Vaky koa Ady Lehibe II taminy 1939. Lombolombony araiky voanalohany raha ratsy nandalo. Nan̈amboatra fitaovan̈a findesin̈y miady ten̈a mahery firenena maro. Olo nanjary nisy asa natao, ke vita tiô raha momba krizy in̈y. Iro fitaovan̈a findesin̈y miady aby io nanjary nampisy problemo tsy somasoma. Maro tanàna maventy ravan̈a, koa fa tsy ela ho vita lagera. Ta Japon aroe tamy zen̈y. Bomby araiky fo efa nahavita nandravan̈a tanàna! Antapitrisany olo naty tamy toby fitanan̈a nampijaly olo aby io. Izikoa atao konty, lelahy, man̈angy, ndreky tsaiky kadiriny 50 tapitrisa naty tamy lagera in̈y.

Samy nan̈ano ny tiany olo tamy resaka fitondranten̈a, tan̈atiny Ady Lehibe II in̈y. Tsy nijirenolo foeky iro fitsipiky efa nisy letry ela in̈y. Karaha ty ho boky araiky, Fitiavan̈a ndreky Firaisan̈a Baka io Ady​—Niova Fitsipiky Narahin̈y Taminy 1935-1945 (angiley): “Efa tsy nifehy ten̈a tamy resaka firaisan̈a foeky olo tan̈atiny ady in̈y. Zen̈y baka raha nataondro maramila aby io koa fa nandeha lagera, ke nalainolo tahaka. ... Nampijaly tsisy ambaka izy lagera io, ke tsy nijirenolo foeky fitsipiky momba fitondranten̈a zen̈y. Loso mitovy tamy toetsain̈indro maramila nandeha lagera aby in̈y toetsain̈inolo tamy tanàna maro. Nieritreritry olo fa tsisy dikany sady fohiky fo fiain̈ana.”

Navozo tsao hofoaty fo olo tamy zen̈y ke nifen̈y nitady olo mba ho tia iro, ndray tsy ela. Nan̈erampo tamy fijangajangan̈a iro tan̈atiny fotoan̈a mafana be tamy lagera in̈y. Nifen̈y niaro ten̈a man̈angy manambady araiky zay ta Grande-Bretagne. Karaha ty ho izy: “Zahay tsy ratsy fitondranten̈a fa lagera in̈y fo nahavy zahay nan̈ano izin̈y.” Karaha ty koa ho maramila amerikain araiky: ‘Ankamarozanolo mieritreritry fa zahay ratsy fitondranten̈a fo nahavy zahay nan̈ano karaha in̈y. Fa kanefa raha mba tihankafy fiain̈ana fo zahay tamy zen̈y, fotony mbala tanora, salakady mety hofoaty koa amarainizin̈y.’

Maro taminolo tsy naty tamy lagera io nijaly mare, baka tamy raha ratsy be hitandro. Firaka izioty sasany mbala mijaly fo, an̈isanizen̈y iro tsaiky niain̈y tamy lagera in̈y, lera raha io koa fa mimpody an̈aty jerindro. Maro koa olo tsy nanan̈a fan̈antinan̈a eky ndreky tsy nahay nan̈avaka ny tsara ndreky ratsy. Iro nieritreritry fa miovaova arakany raha misy fitsipiky tokony harahin̈y.

Fitsipiky vaovao

Nisy fan̈adihadian̈a natao momba fitondranten̈anolo tamy lafiny firaisan̈a, naboaka antsoratra tafarany Ady Lehibe II. Araiky tamy zen̈y natao ta Etazonỳ tan̈y tan̈elan̈elan̈a 1940 ndreky 1950. Tatitry Kinsey nikahian̈a izio, ke nisy 800 pazy manan̈amby izio. Vokatrany zen̈y, maro olo komansy nasaky nikoran̈a mivantan̈a momba firaisan̈a, ndray tsy ten̈a fombanolo raha zen̈y talohanio. Marin̈y ndraiky fa nampitombo raha misy zen̈y panoratra izio, fotony zen̈y maro loatra lelahy nanambady lelahy ndreky firaisan̈a mangala baraka sasany nikoran̈iny. Kanefa tatitry io man̈aporofo fa ten̈a nahairatsy fitondranten̈anolo tafarany lagera in̈y.

Nisy fotoan̈a hely olo nifen̈y nan̈araka fitsipiky momba ny tsara ndreky ratsy. Ohatra iziô, nadoso raha tsy mendriky tamy radio ndreky filma baka io tele. Kanefa tsy nahadin̈y ela raha zen̈y. Karaha ty nivolan̈iny William Bennett, minisitriny fampianaran̈a ta Etazonỳ: ‘Nanomboko tamy taon̈o 1960, tsy nijery fitsipiky momba fitondranten̈a eky iro Amerikain aby io. Nalaky mare fiovoandraha io, ke mbala mitohy fo firaka niany.’ Karaha zen̈y koa tamy tany maro. Nan̈ino ma nitombo malaky be karaha zen̈y faharatsian̈a io nanomboko taminy 1960?

Tamy fotoan̈a io man̈angy nanomboko nitaky zony man̈angy. Niova mare koa fomba fahitanolo raha momba firaisan̈a io, ke nisy fitsipiky vaovao narahin̈y momba zen̈y. Ankoatranizen̈y, niboaka koa aody tsy mampiteraka, ke izio ten̈a mahomby marin̈y. Tsy navozo navesatra eky olo, ke nanjary fomba fiain̈ana fo fan̈anovan̈a firaisan̈a kanefa tsisy fifan̈arahan̈a matomboko.

Nanjary tsy nentitry eky koa gazety ndreky iro pan̈aboaka filma ndreky tele. Karaha ty ho Zbigniew Brzezinski, prezidany Filankevipilaminan̈a Amerikain taloha, momba raha aboaka amy tele: ‘Iro raha alefa amizio ao mandrisiky olo hijangajanga ndreky han̈ano zay raha tiatiandro fo. Ataondro koa raha hahavy olo hieritreritry fa tsy ratsy olo koa kafiry ndreky mampijaly olo.’

Nanomboko nalaza koa video, kadiriny tamy taon̈o 1970 tan̈y. Afaka nizaha filma man̈aboaka olo man̈ano firaisan̈a tsy misitrisitriky tantran̈ondro tan̈y olo. Tsy mety ho sakindro hizaha zen̈y tamy sinema, fotony maro olo. Afaka nahita sary ndreky lahatsoratra ten̈a ratsy momba firaisan̈a aminy ordinatera koa olo erantany tatoato, baka aminy Internet.

Maro raha ratsy vokatranizen̈y sady ten̈a mampivarahontsan̈a foeky. Karaha ty volan̈iny gardieny prizon araiky an Etazonỳ an̈y, vo tsy ela zay: “Folo taon̈o loso zay, mbala hainy tsaiky nigadra tato dikany tsara ndreky ratsy zen̈y, koa fa nikoran̈a tamindro zaho. Fa izioty, efa tsy hainy tsaiky miditry ato foeky raha zen̈y.”

Aia ahitantsika taridalan̈a?

Ankamarozany fivavahan̈a tsy mahavita man̈amia taridalan̈a momba fitondranten̈a. Tsy mandrisiky olo han̈araka toro lalan̈any Zan̈ahary koa iro in̈y, tsy karaha Jesosy ndreky pianatranany tamy taonjato voanalohany. Nanohan̈a ady koa fivavahan̈a, salakady nilefitry tamy raha ratsy. Karaha ty volan̈iny panoratra araiky: ‘Tafiky jiaby tamy zen̈y samy nivolan̈a fa Zan̈ahary nanohan̈a iro.’ Karaha ty ho mompera araiky a New York, taon̈o maro loso zay, momba fan̈arahany fivavahan̈a fitsipikiny Zan̈ahary: “Fivavahan̈a zaraiky fo fikambanan̈a ten̈a milefitry loatra aminolo taritiny. Mbala fitsipiky mifehy olo an̈aty tomobily pasazy koa mafimafy tozay fitsipikiny legilizy.”

Izikoa fitombosany faharatsian̈a be ty zahavan̈a, hita fa ten̈a misy raha mila atao malaky. Ino zen̈y? Ino fan̈ovoan̈a ilain̈y atao? Azovy afaka man̈ano zen̈y, baka io amy fomba akory?

[Volan̈a nalain̈y]

“Nanjary tsisy valerany foeky fahin̈ana, fotony efa tsy voakonty olo nivonen̈y karaha biby, taminy Ady Lehibe I [1914-1918]”

[Efajoro]

TOETRY SA RAHA TIAN̈A?

Taloha, nazava tsara karakory toetry zen̈y: Na izio olo araiky man̈ano ny marin̈y, tsy mivadiky, madio fitondranten̈a, ndreky mendriky, na mifanohitry amy zen̈y. Zioty fo, “raha tian̈a” nanjary nangala pilasiny “toetry.” Fa raha zen̈y miteraka problemo. Zen̈y nisoratiny Gertrude Himmelfarb, olo pahay tantara, amy boky The De-Moralization of Society (angiley): “Kila olo afaka mifidy raha tiany, kanefa atsika tsy afaka mivolan̈a fa kila olo koa afaka mifidy karakory toetry na fitondranten̈a tsara zen̈y.”

Nisoratiny tao koa fa raha tian̈a io “mety finoan̈a, hevitry, fihetsiky, fihetsehampo, fahazaran̈a, fitsipiky momba fitondranten̈a arehanolo maro, raha tian̈a, fomba fisain̈ana, na raha tsy mitovy amy raha iritriretinolo hafa. Izio zay raha iritriretinolo araiky ho ten̈a raha maventy, na fikambanan̈a zen̈y, na ombian̈a izio na ino, na ino koa antony.” Amy vanimpotoan̈a zioty, efa malalaka fiarahamonin̈y misy atsika, ke olo mieritreritry fa iro afaka mifidy raha tiandro, karaha atao mifidy raha vangain̈a amy labotiky in̈y. Fa izikoa zen̈y, han̈ano karakory eky hiafarany toetry ndreky fitondranten̈a tsara?

[Sary]

Izioty tsy sarotro mahita fangalan̈a diandian̈a ratsy zen̈y