Nghee Ombiibeli ya xupa fiyo okunena

Oshi li oshikumwifilonga shinene eshi Ombiibeli ya xupa i li ngaashi i li fiyo okunena. Oya pwa okushangwa pa pita paife omido 1 900. Oya li ya shangwa koinima hai kulupa, ngaashi eembapila da longwa momanenge, omishangwatonywa da longwa moipa yoinamwenyo, noya li momalaka amwe oo haa popiwa kovanhu vanini kunena. Natango, ovanenenhu, ngaashi ovapangeli novawiliki vomalongelokalunga, ova li tava kendabala okuhanauna po Ombiibeli filufilu.

OSHA enda ngahelipi opo Ombiibeli i xupe fiyo okunena i ninge embo la shiivika nawa? Natu ka tale komaumbangi avali.

Eekopi dihapu oda diinina omishangwa

Ovaameni vomishangwa dotete dOmbiibeli, Ovaisrael, ova diinina noukeka omishangwatonywa dotete nova ninga eekopi dado dihapu. Pashihopaenenwa, eehamba daIsrael, oda li da lombwela di ‘lishangele omushangululwamhango womomhango ei womembo li li momake ovapristeli Ovalevi.’ — Deuteronomion 17:18.

Ovaisrael vahapu ova li ve hole okulesha Omishangwa, ve di tala ko di li Eendjovo daKalunga. Kungaho, okutapa omishangwa okwa li kwa ningwa noukeka elela kovashangi va deukika. Umwe womovashangi ovatilikalunga omulumenhu wedina Esra okwa popiwa kutya “okwa li omunongo womishangwa, omukoneki womhango yaMoses, oyo ya yandjwa kOmwene, Kalunga kaIsrael.” (Esra 7:6) Ovamasorete, ovo va tapa Omishangwa dOshiheberi, ile “Etestamenti Likulu,” pokati kefelemudo etihamano netimulongo O.P., ova li nokuli va valula eendada odo va longifa opo va henuke omapuko. Okutapa noukeka kwa tya ngaho okwa kwafela, opo Ombiibeli i xupe i li paushili nonande ovatondi ova li va halelela nokuninga eenghendabala tadi twikile opo ve i hanaune po.

Pashihopaenenwa, mo 168 K.O.P, omupangeli waSiria, Antiochus omutine okwa li a kendabala okuhanauna po eekopi adishe dOmishangwa dOshiheberi muPalestina ashishe. Omunandjokonona umwe Omujuda okwa ti: “Omushangwatonywa keshe womhango va li va mona ova li have u pombola po noku u xwika po.” O-Jewish Encyclopedia oya ti: “Ovanambelewa ovo va li va pewa oshinakuwanifwa osho ove shi ninga nelitulemo . . . Okukala u na embo liyapuki . . . osha li hashi dipaifa ovanhu.” Ashike eekopi dOmishangwa oda xupa mokati kOvajuda muPalestina nosho yo mokati kaavo va li moilongo imwe.

Diva konima eshi ovashangi vOmishangwa dOpaKriste dOshigreka, ile “Etestamenti Lipe,” va mana okushanga, eekopi deenhumwafo da nwefwa mo, omaxunganeko nomahokololo opandjokonona okwa tandavela. Pashihopaenenwa, Johannes okwa shangela Evaengeli laye muEfeso, ile popepi nasho. Ashike ovashiivinawa ova ti okatukulwa kEvaengeli olo, oko ka li okopi oyo ya shangwa meni leedula 50 okudja eshi Johannes a shanga embo laye, oka ka hangwa eekilometa omafele okudja muEgipti. Osho otashi ulike kutya Ovakriste ovo va li moilongo yokokule pefimbo opo ova li ve na eekopi domishangwa da nwefwa mo odo da li opo da shangwa.

Okutandavela kwEendjovo daKalunga nako okwa dana onghandangala mokuxupa kwayo omafelemido konima eshi Kristus a li kombada yedu. Pashihopaenenwa, ongula yo 23 Februali mo 303 O.P., okwa tiwa omupangeli Omuroma wedina Diocletian okwa kala ta tale ovakwaita vaye tava teya po omivelo dongeleka nokuxwika po eekopi dOmishangwa. Diocletian okwa li ta diladila kutya ota dulu okuxulifa po Oukriste mokuhanauna po omishangwa diyapuki. Efiku la landula, okwa li a yandja elombwelo mouhamba waRoma ashishe kutya eekopi adishe dOmbiibeli nadi xwikwe po moipafi. Ashike nande ongaho eekopi dimwe oda xupa noda li da hapupalifwa. Oitukulwa ivali yakula yeekopi dOmbiibeli mOshigreka oyo tashi dulika ya li ya shangwa diva konima yomahepeko aDiocletian, oko i li fiyo okunena. Shimwe oshi li muRoma; shikwao oshi li mongulumambo yaBritain, moLondon, shaEngland.

Nonande inaku monika omashangelo otete Ombiibeli, eekopi omayovi da shangwa nomake dOmbiibeli ye lixwa po, ile oitukulwa yayo oda xupa fiyo okunena. Dimwe domudo oda kulupa neenghono. Ndele mbela etumwalaka olo li li momashangelo otete ola lunduluka eshi la li tali tapwa? Omuhongwanhu W.H. Green okwa popya shi na sha nOmishangwa dOshiheberi, a ti: “Otaku dulu okutiwa kutya kape na vali oilonga imwe yonale ya tapwa paushili-elela.” Omuhongwanhu umwe oo e na eshiivo li na sha nomashangelo Ombiibeli, Sir Frederic Kenyon, okwa popya shi na sha nOmishangwa dopaKriste dOshigreka, a ti: “Efimbo olo la pita pokati kokushangwa kwomashangelo otete nosho yo oumbangi oo u li po itau dulu okupatanekwa, nokape na vali omatomheno okukala twa limbililwa kutya Omishangwa inadi fika kufye di li ngaashi da shangelwe. Oushili nosho yo oulineekelwa womambo Etestamenti Lipe otau dulu okutalwa ko kutya itau dulu okupatanekwa.” Okwa ti yo: “Itatu dulu okukoleka nomukumo kutya omishangwa dOmbiibeli oda diininwa. . . . Ohatu dulu okupopya ngaho shi na sha nembo limwe vali lonale mounyuni.”

Okutolokwa kwOmbiibeli

Oshinima oshitivali osho sha kwafela Ombiibeli i ninge embo la shiivika nawa kovanhu osheshi i li momalaka mahapu. Osho oshi li metwokumwe nehalo laKalunga kutya ovanhu vomoiwana aishe novomalaka aeshe ve mu shiive nove mu longele “momhepo nomoshili.” — Johannes 4:23, 24; Mika 4:2.

O-Septuagint oyo etoloko lotete li li mOshigreka la shiivika lOmishangwa dOshiheberi. Oya li ya nuninwa Ovajuda ovo hava popi Oshigreka, ovo va li hava di kondje yaPalestina noya li ya pwa okushangwa oule womafelemido avali komesho youkalele waJesus wokombada yedu. Ombiibeli aishe, mwa kwatelwa Omishangwa dopaKriste dOshigreka, oya li ya tolokwa momalaka mahapu moule womafelemido manini fimbo inai pwa. Ashike lwanima, eehamba novapristeri ovo va li ve na okuninga eenghendabala opo va kwafele ovanhu va mone Ombiibeli ova li ve i tonde. Ova li va kendabala okukaleka ovakwaneongalo vavo momilaulu dopamhepo mokukelela Eendjovo daKalunga di tolokwe momalaka oo haa popiwa kovanhu vahapu.

Ovanhu ovo ve na ouladi kava li va iwa moshipala keengeleka, ile komapangelo, onghee ova li va tula eemwenyo davo moshiponga opo va toloke Ombiibeli momalaka oo haa popiwa kovanhu vahapu. Pashihopaenenwa, mo 1530, Omwiingilisha wedina William Tyndale, a hongwa koOxford, okwa toloka oPentateuch, omambo atano otete Omishangwa dOshiheberi. Nonande opa li omapataneko mahapu, oye a toloka tete Ombiibeli okudja mOshiheberi a tula mOshiingilisha. Tyndale oye yo omutoloki wotete Omwiingilisha oo a longifa edina Jehova. Omuhongwanhu wOmbiibeli Omuspania wedina Casiodoro de Reina okwa li a tula omwenyo waye moshiponga omolwovahepeki Ovakatolika, eshi a li ta toloka etoloko lOmbiibeli lotete mOshispania. Okwa li a ya koEngland, koGermany, koFrance, koHolland nosho yo koSwitzerland eshi a li ta toloka nokumanifa etoloko laye. *

Kunena, Ombiibeli otai twikile okutolokwa momalaka mahapuhapu, nohaku nyanyangidwa eekopi omamiliyona. Okuxupa kwayo otaku ulike oushili weendjovo da nwefwa mo domuyapostoli Petrus, tadi ti: “Omwiidi neengala ohai kukuta po, ndele eendjovo daJehova otadi kala po fiyo alushe.” — 1 Petrus 1:24, 25.

[Eshangelo lopedu]

 [Oshimhungu/​Omafano pepandja 14]

NANDI KALE HANDI LESHA ETOLOKO LOMBIIBELI LILIPI?

Momalaka mahapu omwa tolokwa Eembibeli dihapu. Omatoloko amwe okwa longifa oitya idjuu noya kulupa. Amwe okwa ngonga omishangwa nelalakano vati a kale mapu okulesha, ponhele yokutoloka oinima i li paushili. Natango, amwe okwa toloka oinima ya yukilila, konyala oshitya noshitya.

Ombiibeli yo-New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures yOshiingilisha, oyo ya nyanyangidwa kEendombwedi daJehova, oya tolokwa okudja momalaka opehovelo koilyo yokomitiye oyo inai tumbulwa komadina. Ombiibeli oyo oya tolokwa yo momalaka makwao e dule 60. Ashike ovatoloki vomalaka oo ova yelekanifa omishangwa filufilu naado di li momalaka opehovelo. Ovatoloki vo-New World Translation ova li va lalakanena okutoloka Ombiibeli oyo ngaashi naanaa omalaka opehovelo a popya, ngeenge itashi ningifa omishangwa di kale dihe na eityo. Ovatoloki ova kendabala okulongifa elaka olo li uditike kovaleshi kunena, ngaashi omashangelo onale a li kovanhu vopefimbo opo Ombiibeli ya shangwa.

Ovashiivinawa vomalaka vamwe ova konakona omatoloko Eembibeli okunena, mwa kwatelwa o-New World Translation, va tale pashihopaenenwa ngeenge omu na oinima yonhumba ya tolokwa shihe li paushili, ile ya lemena komaitavelo ovatoloki. Umwe womovahongwanhu ovo oJason David BeDuhn, oshilyo shongudu yokukonakona omalongelokalunga koNorthern Arizona University moUnited States. Mo 2003, okwa nyanyangida embo li na omapandja 200 kombinga yomambo omuwoi “Ombiibeli oo haa longifwa unene kovanhu ovo hava popi Oshiingilisha.” * Okwa konakona omapandja mahapu opo pe na Omishangwa tadi tuwa eemhata kovahongwanhu, molwaashi opo unene ovatoloki shi na oupu “va lemene komaitavelo avo eshi tava toloka.” Okwa yelekanifa omushangwa keshe wOshigreka naasho sha tolokwa metoloko keshe lOshiingilisha, nokwa konga opo ovatoloki tashi dulika va kendabala okulemena komaitavelo avo, ile va lundulula eityo. Okwa li a mona oidjemo ilipi mbela?

BeDuhn okwa ti kutya ovanhu vahapu nosho yo ovahongwanhu vOmbiibeli vahapu otava ti kutya omayooloko oo e li mo-New World Translation (NW) okwa etifwa kwaasho sha itavelwa kovatoloki vayo. Ashike okwa ti: “Omayooloko mahapu okwa etifwa kokukala paushili elela kwo-NW, ngaashi okukala i na oinima ngaashi naanaa i li momashangelo otete, noi shii okufimanekwa.” Nonande BeDuhn ina twa kumwe noinima imwe oyo ya tolokwa mo-New World Translation, okwa ti kutya etoloko eli “oli li paushili okuyelekanifa nomatoloko makwao.” Okwa ti yo kutya oli li etoloko “la denga mbada.”

Dr. Benjamin Kedar, omuhongwanhu wOshiheberi muIsrael, okwa popya sha faafana shi na sha no-New World Translation. Okwa popya mo 1989, a ti: “Oilonga ei otai ulike eenghendabala di li paushili nelalakano lokuninga omishangwa di kale di uditike nodi li paushili ngaashi tashi dulika. . . . Inandi didilika nande oinima ya lemena komaitavelo ovatoloki, ile eityo la lundululwa mo-New World Translation.”

Lipula kutya: ‘Elalakano lange olashike eshi handi lesha Ombiibeli? Mbela onda hala Ombiibeli ipu okulesha ndele kai li lela paushili? Ile onda hala okulesha eendjovo odo di na ediladilo la faafana naalo lomashangelo opehovelo?’ (2 Petrus 1:20, 21) Elalakano loye nali ku linyengife kutya oto hoolola etoloko lOmbiibeli lilipi.

[Eshangelo lopedu]

[Efano]

“O-New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures” oi li momalaka mahapu

[Efano pepandja 12, 13]

 Omashangelo Ovamasoreti

[Efano pepandja 13]

Okatukulwa ke na Lukas 12:7, ta ti: “. . . Inamu tila; nye omwa fimana unene mu dule oiyandja ihapu”

[Odjo yomafano pepandja 13]

Epandja lokehovelo: National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg; etivali netitatu: Bibelmuseum, Münster; background: © The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin