Zimene Anthu Akuchita Pofuna kuthetsa Vuto la Kusowa kwa Madzi
Zimene Anthu Akuchita Pofuna kuthetsa Vuto la Kusowa kwa Madzi
Vuto la kusowa kwa madzi ndi la padziko lonse ndipo limaika pachiswe moyo wa anthu mabiliyoni ambiri. Kodi anthu akuchita zotani pofuna kuthetsa vutoli?
SOUTH AFRICA: Mutu wa m’magazini ina unati: “Anthu Osauka mu Mzinda wa Durban Ayamba Kupeza Madzi.” Nkhaniyi inafotokoza kuti anthu osaukawa akhala akusowa madzi abwino kwa zaka zambiri chifukwa cha malamulo a maboma a tsankho omwe analiko m’mbuyomu. Nkhaniyi inanenanso kuti mu 1994, “mabanja 250,000 a mumzinda wa Durban analibe madzi aukhondo ndiponso zimbudzi zabwino.”—Science.
Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, katswiri wina woona za madzi anayambitsa ntchito imene cholinga chake n’choti banja lililonse lokhala m’derali lizipeza madzi okwana malita 200 patsiku. Magaziniyi inanena kuti ntchitoyi yathandiza kwambiri chifukwa “mwa anthu 3.5 miliyoni a mu mzinda wa Durban, ndi anthu 120,000 okha amene alibe madzi aukhondo.” Masiku ano madzi ndi osavuta kupeza mu mzindawu, kusiyana ndi kale pomwe anthu ankayenda ulendo wokwana kilomita imodzi kukatunga madzi.
Magaziniyi inanenanso kuti pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la uve, panakhazikitsidwa ntchito yomanga zimbudzi zatsopano zokhala ndi maenje awiri, kuti anthu asiye kugwiritsa ntchito zimbudzi zokhala ndi dzenje limodzi. Zimbudzi zimenezi zimakhala ndi dzenje la mikodzo ndiponso la zonyansa. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kuti zonyansazo ziziuma ndi kuwolerana mofulumira. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa 2008, zimbudzi zokwanira 60,000 za mtunduwu zinali zitamangidwa. Komabe, anthu amene akuyendetsa ntchitoyi akuona kuti pangadutse zaka zina ziwiri kuti nyumba iliyonse ikhale ndi chimbudzi chotere.
Brazil: Mu mzinda wa Salvador, ana ambiri ankadwala matenda otsegula m’mimba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zimbudzi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zimbudzi zauve. * Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, akuluakulu a mzindawu analumikiza mapaipi ochotsa zonyansa m’zimbudzi, otalika makilomita 2,000. Mapaipiwa anawalumikiza m’zimbudzi zokwana 300,000. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti chiwerengero cha ana odwala matenda otsegula m’mimba chichepe kwambiri ndi ana 22 pa 100 alionse a mu mzindawu komanso ana 43 pa 100 alionse a kumadera ena kumene vutoli linali lalikulu kwambiri.
India: M’madera ena, nthawi zina mumapezeka madzi abwino ochuluka koma nthawi zambiri madziwa sasungidwa kuti adzagwiritsidwe ntchito m’tsogolo. Komabe, mu 1985 azimayi ena achimwenye a m’boma la Dholera, lomwe lili kumpoto cha kumadzulo kwa m’mzinda wa Gujarat, anatulukira nzeru inayake yosungira madzi. Azimayiwo anakumba damu losungiramo madzi, lalikulu ngati bwalo la mpira. Pansi pa damulo anayalapo mapepala a pulasitiki okhuthala kwambiri kuti madzi asamalowe pansi. Zimenezi zinathandiza kwambiri moti pomwe nyengo ya mvula imatha, azimayiwa komanso anthu a midzi yoyandikana nawo anali ndi madzi okwanira.
Chile: Dzikoli lili ku South America ndipo ndi lalikulu makilomita 4,265. Chakumadzulo kwake kuli nyanja ya Pacific, pamene chakum’mawa kuli mapiri a Andes. Boma ndi limene limayang’anira ntchito zonse zokhudza madzi ndiponso kupereka chilolezo kwa anthu amene amakumba madamu ndiponso ngalande. Zimenezi zachititsa kuti pafupifupi anthu onse okhala m’mizinda ndiponso anthu 94 pa 100 alionse okhala m’midzi akhale ndi madzi okwanira.
Njira Yabwino Kwambiri Yothetsera Vutoli
Zikuoneka kuti dziko lililonse lili ndi njira yakeyake yothetsera vuto la kusowa kwa madzi. M’mayiko ena, kumene kumawomba mphepo nthawi zonse, amagwiritsa ntchito makina oyendera mphepo popopa madzi ndiponso kupangira magetsi. M’mayiko olemera, anthu amasefa madzi a mchere kuti apeze madzi abwino ndipo zikuoneka kuti njira imeneyi ndi yothandiza. Komanso m’madera ambiri muli madamu akuluakulu osungira madzi a m’mitsinje ndiponso amvula. Njira imeneyi ikuthandiza kwambiri ngakhale kuti madamu omwe ali m’madera otentha, madzi amaphwera pang’ono chifukwa cha kutenthako.
Mboni za Yehova, zomwe zimafalitsa magazini ino, zimakhulupirira kuti Mulungu yekha ndi amene ali ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vuto la kusowa kwa madzi. Baibulo limati: “Dziko lapansi ndi la Yehova [Mulungu] ndi zodzala zake zomwe, dziko lokhalamo anthu ndi iwo okhala m’mwemo. Pakuti Iye analimanga pazinyanja, nalikhazika pamadzi.”—Salmo 24:1, 2.
Mulungu anapatsa anthu udindo wosamalira dziko lapansili. (Genesis 1:28) Komabe, anthu awononga kwambiri zachilengedwe ndipo zimenezi zabweretsa mavuto ochuluka. Umenewutu ndi umboni wakuti “sikuli kwa munthu woyenda kulongosola mapazi ake.”—Yeremiya 10:23.
Kodi Yehova adzachita chiyani pofuna kukonza zachilengedwe kuti zibwerere m’malo mwake? Baibulo limatitsimikizira kuti iye ali ndi cholinga ‘chopanga zinthu zonse kukhala zatsopano.’ (Chivumbulutso 21:5) Tangoganizirani, tidzakhala m’dziko limene simudzakhalanso vuto la kusowa kwa madzi, umphawi ndiponso chilala. Chaka chilichonse, anthu ambiri amafa chifukwa cha madzi osefukira. Koma m’dziko latsopano, zimenezi sizidzakhalaponso. Mulungu adzakwaniritsa malonjezo ake onse mu ulamuliro wa Ufumu wake. Ndipo iye anati: “Momwemo adzakhala mawu anga amene atuluka m’kamwa mwanga, sadzabwerera kwa Ine chabe, koma adzachita chimene ndifuna, ndipo adzakula m’mene ndinawatumizira.”—Yesaya 55:11.
Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri pa zimene Mulungu adzachite pokonzanso zinthu padzikoli mogwirizana ndi zimene Mawu ake, Baibulo, amanena? Nkhani yotsatirayi ifotokoza zimene mungachite.
[Mawu a M’munsi]
^ ndime 6 Padziko lonse, ana okwana 1.6 miliyoni amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha matenda otsegula m’mimba. Chiwerengerochi n’chachikulu kuposa chiwerengero chonse cha anthu amene amafa ndi Edzi, chifuwa chachikulu ndiponso malungo.
[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 5]
“Madzi ndi moyo. . . . Popanda madzi sitingakhale ndi moyo.” —Anatero Michael Parfit, wolemba nkhani ku National Geographic
[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 6]
Pamafunika madzi ochuluka matani 1,000 kuti mukolole mpunga wolemera tani imodzi
[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 6]
“Madzi opitirira theka la madzi onse apadziko lapansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ulimi wothirira.”—Plan B 2.0, lolembedwa ndi Lester R. Brown
[Zithunzi patsamba 7]
(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)
Kodi padziko pano pali madzi abwino ochuluka motani?
Madzi onse
97.5% Madzi a mchere
2.5% Madzi abwino
Madzi abwino
99% Madzi oundana kapena omwe ali pansi panthaka
1% Madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu pafupifupi 7 biliyoni kuphatikizapo zamoyo zina zambirimbiri
[Chithunzi patsamba 7]
Kuika mapaipi amadzi aukhondo ku Durban, South Africa
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
Courtesy eThekwini Water and Sanitation Programme
[Chithunzi patsamba 7]
Azimayi akukonza damu losungira madzi a mvula m’dera la Rajasthan, ku India, mu 2007
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
© Robert Wallis/Panos Pictures
[Chithunzi patsamba 7]
Anthu akumanga thanki losungira madzi m’mudzi wawo, kufupi ndi Copán, ku Honduras
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
© Sean Sprague/SpraguePhoto.com