Mbalame Zimawomba Nyumba Mwangozi

NGAKHALE kuti anali masana, mbalame ya namgogoda inawomba nyumba yaitali ndipo kenako mbalameyo inagwera pansi. Izi zinachitika chifukwa mbalameyo siinaone kuti pali windo. Munthu wina anamva chisoni poona mbalameyo ili wefuwefu poteropo ndipo anaima pofuna kuona ngati mbalameyo ingaulukenso. Anasangalala mbalameyo itayambanso kulira, kuima, kukupiza mapiko ake, n’kuuluka. *

N’zomvetsa chisoni kuti si mbalame zonse zimene zimapulumuka zikawomba nyumba. Ndipotu pafupifupi theka la mbalame zimene zimawomba nyumba zimafa. Bungwe lina loona zachilengedwe (lotchedwa Audubon Society) linati ofufuza apeza kuti ku United States kokha, mbalame zoposa 100 miliyoni zimafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa chowomba makoma. Ndipotu ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti mbalame zimene zimafa n’zokwana pafupifupi 1 biliyoni. Komano n’chifukwa chiyani mbalame zimawomba makoma? Ndipo kodi pali chilichonse chimene anthu angachite pofuna kuteteza mbalame ku ngozi zoterezi?

Zimapusitsika ndi Mawindo Agalasi Komanso Magetsi

Mawindo agalasi amaphetsa mbalame zambiri. Mawindo agalasiwa akapukutidwa bwino, mbalame sizidziwa kuti pali kanthu chifukwa zimangoona zinthu zimene zili mbali ina ya galasilo, kaya zomera kapena mitambo. Motero mbalame zimawomba magalasiwa mosadziwa, zili pa liwiro ladzaoneni. Nthawi zinanso mbalamezi zimapusitsika zikaona maluwa kapena mitengo yodzalidwa pakhonde m’nyumba zikuluzikulu ndipo zimafuna kutera pa zinthuzi.

Mbalame zimathanso kuwomba mawindo okhala ndi magalasi amene munthu angathe kudzionerapo. Mbalamezo siziona galasilo m’malomwake zimangoona zithunzi zimene zikuoneka pagalasipo kapena mitambo basi. Mbalame zakhala zikufanso chifukwa  chowomba magalasi a kumalo oonetsera zinthu zosiyanasiyana kapena nsanja zitalizitali za kumalo osungirako zinthu zachilengedwe. Katswiri wa maphunziro a mbalame amenenso amaphunzitsa sayansi ya zinthu zamoyo, dzina lake Dr. Daniel Klem Jr. amakhulupirira kuti kupatula pa kuwononga malo amene mbalame zimakhala, pali mbalame zankhaninkhani zimene zimafa chifukwa chowomba magalasi kuposa zimene zimafa chifukwa cha zochita zina za anthu.

Pali mbalame zina zimene sizichedwa kuwomba makoma. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zambiri zimene zimakonda kuuluka m’magulu kupita m’malo osiyanasiyana zimayenda usiku ndipo zimadalira nyenyezi kuti zidziwe kumene zikupita. Ndiye zikaona magetsi a pamwamba pa nyumba zitalizitali zimasokonezeka. Moti zina zimasochera n’kumangoti zungulizunguli mpaka kugwa chifukwa cha kutopa. Nthawi zina mbalame zimachita ngozi chifukwa cha mvula kapena mitambo. Kunja kukamagwa mvula kapena kukakhala mitambo, mbalame zimauluka m’munsi kwambiri choncho sizichedwa kuwomba makoma.

Zikuchepetsa Chiwerengero cha Mbalame

Lipoti lina linati nyumba yaitali imodzi yokha mumzinda wa Chicago ku Illinois, m’dziko la United States inachititsa kuti mbalame pafupifupi 1,480 zife pamene zimasamukira m’madera ena. Choncho pa zaka 14 zotsatizana, nyumba imeneyi inaphetsa mbalame zokwana 20,700. N’kutheka kuti mbalame zimene zinawomba nyumbayi n’zambiri kuposa pamenepa. Komanso mkulu wa bungwe lina ku Toronto m’dziko la Canada, loteteza mbalame kuti zisapusitsidwe ndi magetsi, dzina lake Michael Mesure, anati mbalame zimenezi si mbalame wamba monga “njiwa kapena atsekwe koma ndi mbalame zimene zayamba kusowa kwambiri masiku ano.”

Mwachitsanzo, posachedwapa ku Australia mbalame zoimba motsanzira mawu a anthu zokwana 30 zinafa zitawomba galasi la nyumba ina. Mbalame za mtundu umenewu n’zosowa kwambiri moti zangotsala 2,000 zokha. Ku United States, nyumba zambiri zosungiramo zinthu zochititsa chidwi muli mitembo ya mbalame zokhala ngati atchete zimene zakhala zikufa chifukwa chowomba nsanja inayake yaitali ku Florida. Tikunena pano mwina mbalame zimenezi zinatha zonse.

Mbalame zambiri zimene zimapulumuka zikawomba nyumba zimakhala zitavulala. Zimenezi zimakhala zoopsa kwa mbalame zimene zimakonda kusamukira ku madera osiyanasiyana. Zikavulala n’kugwa, zimafa ndi njala. Apo ayi zimagwidwa ndi nyama zina zimene zimatsuka mkamwa zikapeza chakudya chosowa chimenechi.

Kodi Tingatani Kuti Mbalame Zisamawombe Nyumba?

Kuti mbalame zisawombe magalasi a mawindo ziyenera kuzindikira kuti magalasiwo ndi chinthu cholimba. Motero anthu ena amaika zithunzi zosiyanasiyana pa mawindo a nyumba zawo, kapenanso amaika zinthu zina zothandiza kuti mbalame zithe kuona kuti pali windo. Anthuwa amatero ngakhale kuti zimenezi zimalepheretsa kuti aziona panja bwinobwino. Klem ananena kuti zilibe kanthu kuti mwaikapo zithunzi zotani, chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti zithunzizo zisatalikirane kwambiri. Iyeyu atafufuza anapeza kuti zithunzizo ziyenera kusatalikirana masentimita oposa 5 m’litali ndiponso masentimita oposa 10 m’lifupi.

Nanga bwanji mbalame zoyenda maulendo aatali usiku? Katswiri wina wofufuza zachilengedwe, dzina lake Lesley J. Evans Ogden, anati: “Kuzimitsa magetsi kumathandiza kwambiri kuti . . . mbalame zisamawombe nyumba usiku.” M’mizinda ina amachepetsa pang’ono kawalidwe ka magetsi okongoletsa nyumba zitalizitali kapena amangowazimitsiratu panthawi inayake usiku imene anaikhazikitsa, makamaka m’nyengo yomwe mbalame zambiri zimakhala zikusamukira m’madera ena. M’mizinda ina amaika maneti m’mawindo a nyumba zitalizitali kuti mbalame zisamapusitsike zikamaona mitambo pawindopo.

Zimenezi zingathandize kuti mbalame zambiri zisamafe chifukwa pa mbalame 10 zilizonse, ndi mbalame ziwiri zokha zimene zingamafe pangozi zoterezi. Ndiye kuti pachaka mbalame zokwana mamiliyoni ambiri zingathe kupulumuka. Komabe sikuti vutoli lingatheretu ayi, chifukwa anthu sangasiyiretu kugwiritsira ntchito magetsi kapena kukhala ndi mawindo a magalasi. Motero, mabungwe oona za mbalame (monga bungwe la Audubon Society), akuyesetsa kulimbikitsa anthu olemba mapulani a nyumba ndiponso makampani omanga nyumba kuti ayambe kuganizira kwambiri zinthu zachilengedwe.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 10]

KODI MBALAME ZONSE ZIJA ZAPITA KUTI?

Chiwerengero cha mbalame zimene zimafa chaka chilichonse ku United States chifukwa cha anthu.

▪ Nsanja zothandiza kuulutsira mawu—40 miliyoni

▪ Mankhwala ophera tizilombo—74 miliyoni

▪ Amphaka—365 miliyoni

▪ Mawindo agalasi—100 miliyoni kapena kufika 1 biliyoni

▪ Kuwonongedwa kwa malo amene mbalame zimakhala—chiwerengero chake sichidziwika, koma n’zotheka kuti n’chachikulu kuposa zina zonse

[Chithunzi patsamba 10]

Chaka chilichonse ku United States, mbalame pafupifupi 100 miliyoni zimafa chifukwa chowomba mawindo

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

© Reimar Gaertner/age fotostock