Albarracín Ndi Tawuni Yokongola Kwambiri

“Ngati mukufuna kukaona tawuni yokongola kwambiri ku Spain, pitani ku Albarracín.”—Anatero José Ruiz, wolemba mabuku wa ku Spain yemwe ankadziwikanso kuti Azorín, 1873-1967.

TAWUNI ya Albarracín ndi yochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Inamangidwa pamalo okongola zedi, mbiri yake ndi yosangalatsa ndiponso ili ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe. N’chifukwa chake m’chaka cha 1961, boma la Spain linanena kuti tawuni yaing’ono imeneyi, yomwe ili m’chigawo cha Teruel, ikhale m’gulu la malo okopa alendo. Ndipo mu 2005, gulu lina la alendo odzaona malo linanena kuti Albarracín ndi “tawuni yokongola kwambiri ku Spain konse.”

Tawuniyi ndi yakale kwambiri ndipo ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 1,000. Ili m’dera lamapiri m’chigawo chapakati cha dziko la Spain komanso yazunguliridwa ndi minda ya maluwa ndiponso mitsinje yambiri. Tawuniyi ili pafupi ndi phiri lotchedwa Sierra de Albarracín.

M’tawuniyi Muli Madzi ndi Chakudya Chambiri

Kale ku Albarracín kunkapezeka nyama zambiri zam’thengo ndipo zimenezi zinachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azikhala m’derali. Zinthu zimene anthuwa analembalemba m’mapanga zimasonyeza kuti anali aluso ndipo ankadziwa zambiri zokhudza chilengedwe. Anthuwa ankajambula ng’ombe zikuluzikulu ndi nyama zina pogwiritsa ntchito choko choyera chimene sichipezeka kwina kulikonse. Chifukwa cha zinthu zimene zinajambulidwa kumeneku, akatswiri amaganiza kuti m’mapanga amenewa ankachitiramo misonkhano yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo yachipembedzo.

Ngakhale masiku ano, nyama monga mphalapala, nguluwe ndi nyama zina zing’onozing’ono zimapezeka kwambiri ku nkhalango ya Montes Universales. Ndipo mtsinje wa Guadalaviar (Dzina la Chiarabu, lotanthauza “Mtsinje Woyera”) ndi umodzi wa mitsinje imene mumapezeka nsomba zikuluzikulu ku Spain.

M’chaka cha 133 B.C.E., Aroma anagonjetsa mitundu ya Celtiberia yomwe inkakhala ku Albarracín, ndipo Aromawa anamanga midzi yambiri m’dera limeneli. Zaka za m’ma 100 C.E., akatswiri a zomangamanga a ku Roma anamanga ngalande (1) yaitali makilomita 18. Ngalande imeneyi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zikuluzikulu zimene Aroma anamanga ku Spain. Kulinso zinthu zina zosonyeza kuti anthu ambiri kumeneko anali a  chipembedzo cha Roma Katolika. Mwachitsanzo, m’tawuni ya Albarracín muli mwala umene Aroma anagoba umene umasonyeza kuti anthu ankalambira wolamulira wachiroma.

Asilamu Anatukula Kwambiri Tawuniyi

Mtundu wa anthu otchedwa Moor unalanda mzindawu m’zaka za m’ma 800 B.C.E., ndipo akuti dzina lakuti Albarracín linachokera kwa anthu achisilamu, otchedwa Berber clan Banu Razin. Kuyambira m’zaka za m’ma 500 C.E. mpaka 1500 C.E., anthu a mtundu wa Moor, Ayuda ndiponso Akhristu, ankakhalira limodzi ndipo ankalemekezana komanso kugwirizana. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti tawuni ya Albarracín itukuke kwambiri.

Akatswiri a zojambulajambula a ku Albarracín anapanga zinthu zokongola kwambiri, ndipo zikuoneka kuti ntchito zachipatala zinapita patsogolo kwambiri panthawiyi. Zida zogwiritsira ntchito popanga opaleshoni zomwe zinafukulidwa ku Albarracín zimasonyeza kuti madokotala a kumeneku ankatha kuchita opaleshoni ya maso. Asilamu anapitiriza kulamulira tawuni ya Albarracín mpaka chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1100 C.E., ndipo kenako Aroma anayamba kulamulira tawuniyi. N’zochititsa chidwi kudziwa kuti m’mbiri yonse ya dziko la Spain, aka kanali koyamba kuti kusintha kwa ulamuliro kuchitike mwamtendere.

Kodi tawuni ya Albarracín ikuoneka bwanji panopa? Alendo amene amabwera m’tawuniyi amatha kuona zinthu zakale chifukwa kulibe chilichonse chatsopano chimene chamangidwa.

Mzindawu Unamangidwa Paphiri

Katswiri wina, dzina lake José Ortegay Gasset, (1883-1955) ananena kuti Albarracín ndi “mzinda umene umaonekera patali chifukwa unamangidwa paphiri.” Ndipo zimenezi ndi zoona chifukwa tawuniyi ili paphiri lalitali mamita 1,200 ndipo yazunguliridwa ndi mitsinje, yomwe imateteza anthu a m’tawuniyi kwa adani. Mitsinje imeneyi yakhala ikuteteza tawuniyi kwa zaka zambiri ndipo chifukwa cha zimenezi, tawuniyi anaipatsa dzina lakuti “chisa cha chiwombankhanga.”

Mlendo akamayenda m’misewu ing’onoing’ono ya m’tawuniyi, amaona nyumba zokongola zakale kwambiri. Zitsanzo za nyumba zimenezi ndi Nyumba ya Buluu (2), ndiponso nyumba yotchedwa Julianeta (3). Nyumba yachiwiriyi inamangidwa pakati pa misewu iwiri.

Pomanga nyumbazi anagwiritsa ntchito matabwa komanso zipangizo zina zosalemera kwambiri, ndiponso anazipaka pulasitala. Zimenezi n’zothandiza kwambiri mukafuna kumanga nyumba paphiri. Nyumbazi zili ndi mawindo aang’ono kwambiri, makatani oboolaboola ndiponso m’mawindomo anaikamo zitsulo (4)  zimene zimachititsa kuti anthu azichita nawo chidwi kwambiri. Alendo amachitanso chidwi ndi madenga a nyumbazi, makonde ake ndiponso zitseko zake.

Anthu amene sachedwa kuchita chizungulire amafunika kusamala kwambiri kuti asamayang’ane pansi akamalowa m’nyumba za m’tawuniyi chifukwa ndi zazitali kwambiri. Popeza tawuni ya Albarracín inamangidwa pamwamba pa phiri komanso malo omangapo nyumba anali ochepa, anthu ena anamanga nyumba zawo mphepete mwenimweni mwa phiri limeneli.

Mudzi wa mtundu wa Moor uli pamwamba penipeni pa phiri, pomwe pali tawuni ya Albarracín. M’zaka za m’ma 900 C.E., Aluya anamanga mpanda, womwe unali chimodzi cha zinthu zoyambirira kumangidwa kumeneku. Kenako m’zaka za m’ma 1500 C.E., Aroma anamangako tchalitchi chachikulu komanso nyumba yochititsa chidwi yochitiramo zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Kuli Zinthu Zambiri Zachilengedwe

Tawuni ya Albarracín ili ndi zinthu zambiri zimene anthu okonda zachilengedwe angasangalale nazo. M’mapiri amene azungulira tawuniyi mumapezeka mitengo ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana. Akasupe a madzi komanso mathithi amakongoletsa mapiri amenewa. Ndipo anthu amene amabwera kudzaona malo amasangalala ndi mmene nyenyezi zimaonekera usiku.

Anthu ambiri a Mboni za Yehova amakhala m’dera limeneli. Malo okongola amene iwo amakhala amawakumbutsa zimene Baibulo limalonjeza kuti Ufumu wa Mulungu ukadzayamba kulamulira, anthu omvera Mulungu adzakhala m’paradaiso padziko lapansi. Umenewu ndi uthenga wabwino umene amakonda kuuza ena.—Salmo 98:7-9; Mateyo 24:14.

Chaka chilichonse, anthu pafupifupi 100,000 amabwera kudzaona tawuni ya Albarracín. Choncho ngati mutabwera ku Spain, mungachite bwino kudzaona tawuni yokongola ndiponso yochititsa chidwi, yodziwika ndi dzina lakuti “chisa cha chiwombankhanga.”

 [Bokosi/Zithunzi patsamba 18]

KUNAPEZEKA ZINTHU ZAMBIRI ZOPANGIDWA MWALUSO

Chikho chasiliva. Mfumu ya anthu a mtundu wa Moor, dzina lake Abdelmelic, inapangira mkazi wake chikho chasiliva. Dzina la mkazi wakeyu linali Zahr, lomwe ndi la Chiarabu, ndipo limatanthauza “Duwa.” Mawu ena amene analembedwa pachikho chimenechi anali akuti: “Ukhale ndi madalitso osatha . . . , mulungu akuthandize, ndipo akutsogolere ku zinthu zabwino ndi chilungamo.” Chikhochi ndi chimodzi cha zinthu zachitsulo zamtengo wapatali zimene Aluya omwe ankakhala ku Spain anapanga.

Nsomba yosemedwa pamwala. Nsomba imeneyi ili ndi mamba komanso mlomo wasiliva ndi zipsepse zagolide. Anaikongoletsanso ndi ngale komanso zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali. Nsomba imeneyi inasemedwa mochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndipo akatswiri amati iyenera kuti inasemedwa ndi anthu ambiri chifukwa munthu mmodzi wodziwa zosemasema sakanatha kumaliza kuisema, ngakhale akanagwira ntchitoyi moyo wake wonse.

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Jar: Museo de Teruel. Foto Jorge Escudero; crystal: Sta. Ma de Albarracín Foundation

 [Mapu patsamba 16]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

PORTUGAL

SPAIN

MADRID

Albarracín

[Chithunzi patsamba 17]

1 Ngalande

[Zithunzi patsamba 18]

2 Nyumba ya Buluu

3 Nyumba yotchedwa Julianeta

4 M’mawindomo anaikamo zitsulo

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 17]

© Ioseba Egibar/​age fotostock