Kumwamba Kuli Zinthu Zambiri Zodabwitsa

ZAKA 100 zapitazo, asayansi ankaganiza kuti kumwamba kuli mlalang’amba umodzi wokha wotchedwa Milky Way. Koma kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi m’zaka za m’ma 1900 kunachititsa asayansi kudziwa kuti kumwamba kuli zinthu zambiri zimene samayembekezera kuti zilipo. M’zaka zaposachedwapa akatswiri a zakuthambo avomereza kuti akungodziwa 10 peresenti chabe ya zinthu zakumwamba. Zimenezi zapangitsa kuti ayambe kukayikira mfundo zina za sayansi zimene akhala akukhulupirira kwa zaka zambiri. Koma zimenezi si zachilendo.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1800, asayansi anatulukira mfundo yatsopano yokhudza mmene kuwala kumayendera. Iwo anapeza kuti kaya munthu waima kapena akuthamanga, munthuyo amaona kuti liwiro la kuwala silisintha. Koma anthu ambiri ankaona kuti zimenezi n’zosamveka. Ndiyeno mu 1905, wasayansi wina dzina lake Albert Einstein anatsimikizira kuti liwiro la kuwala silisintha. Kenako mu 1907, Einstein anatulukira mfundo inanso yatsopano imene anaitchula kuti ndi ‘mfundo yosangalatsa kwambiri pa moyo wake.’ Mfundoyi, yomwe anaitulutsa mu 1916, inafotokoza mmene nthawi, komanso mphamvu yokoka ya dziko zimagwira ntchito pamodzi. Mfundo imeneyi inathandiza asayansi kusintha zina ndi zina pazimene Isaac Newton ananena zokhudza zinthu zakuthambo.

Asayansi Amati Thambo Likukula

Malinga ndi zimene asayansi ankadziwa panthawiyo, Einstein nayenso ankakhulupirira kuti thambo silikula kapena kuchepa. Koma mu 1929, wasayansi ya zakuthambo wa ku America, dzina lake Edwin Hubble, anafotokoza kuti thambo likukula.

Hubble anathandizanso asayansi ena kudziwa zambiri zokhudza nyenyezi zazikulu kwambiri zooneka ngati mitambo, zimene zimawala kwambiri usiku. Asayansi sankadziwa ngati nyenyezi zimenezi zinali mu mlalang’amba wathu wa Milky Way kapena kunja kwa mlalang’ambawu.

Hubble atayeza mtunda wokafika ku gulu la nyenyezi zimenezi, anapeza kuti unali wautali kwambiri kuwirikiza ka 10 tikayerekeza ndi kutambalala kwa mlalang’amba wa Milky Way. Choncho, iye anazindikira kuti nyenyezi zimenezi zili kunja kwa mlalang’amba wa Milky Way osati m’kati mwake. Zimenezi n’zimenenso wasayansi ya zakuthambo, dzina lake Sir William Herschel, ananena zaka zoposa 100 m’mbuyomo. Hubble anayezanso kukula kwa mtunda wokafika ku milalang’amba ina, ndipo anapeza kuti thambo ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuposa mmene iye ankaganizira. Zimene  Hubble anapezazi zinathandiza kwambiri pa sayansi ya zakuthambo.

Kenako Hubble anazindikira kuti mlalang’amba wa Milky Way ukupitiriza kutalikirana ndi milalang’amba ina ndipo zimenezi zinamuthandiza kudziwa kuti thambo likukula. Anaonanso kuti milalang’amba imene ili kutali ndi mlalang’amba wathu wa Milky Way ikuyenda mothamanga kwambiri, zimene zikuchititsa kuti izitalikirana kwambiri. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti mtunda umene ulipo pakati pa mlalang’amba wathu ndi milalang’amba ina ukukula tsiku lililonse. Hubble anatulutsa zimene anapezazi mu 1929 ndipo zimenezi zinachititsa asayansi ena kuyamba kuganiza kuti dziko ndi zinthu zina zinakhalapo zokha zaka 13 biliyoni zapitazo. Koma pali zambiri zokhudza nkhani imeneyi zimene sizikudziwika.

Kodi Thambo Likukula Mofulumira Bwanji?

Kuyambira nthawi ya Hubble asayansi akhala akuyesetsa kuti ayeze molondola mmene thambo likukulira. Koma kodi kudziwa zimenezi n’kofunika motani? Ngati asayansi atadziwa mmene thambo likukulira, zingawathandize kudziwanso chaka chimene linayamba. Ndiponso zingawathandize kudziwa zinthu zoopsa zimene zingachitike m’tsogolo. Kodi zimenezi zingawathandize bwanji? Asayansi akuganiza kuti ngati thambo litamakula pang’onopang’ono, mphamvu yokoka ya dziko ingachititse kuti zinthu zakuthambo zigwe. Koma ngati thambo litamakula mofulumira kwambiri, zinthu zina zakuthambo zingapite kutali kwambiri n’kusoweratu.

Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku ameneyu watithandiza kudziwa zinthu zambiri, pali zinthu zinanso zambiri zimene sitikuzidziwa.

Mphamvu Zosadziwika za M’chilengedwe

M’chaka cha 1998 asayansi anafufuza bwinobwino kuwala kochokera ku nyenyezi inayake yowala kwambiri, ndipo zimene anaona zinawatsimikizira kuti thambo likukula  mofulumira. * Poyamba, asayansiwa ankakayikira zimenezi koma kenako anapeza umboni wochuluka wotsimikizira kuti zimenezi n’zoona. Iwo ankafuna kudziwa mphamvu imene ikuchititsa kuti thambo lizikula. Ndipo iwo anapeza kuti mphamvuyi ndi yosadziwika koma imagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi mphamvu zokoka za m’chilengedwe. Komanso inali yotsutsana ndi mfundo za sayansi zimene ankadziwa. Mphamvu imeneyi akuti imapanga pafupifupi 74 peresenti ya mphamvu zonse za m’chilengedwe.

M’zaka zaposachedwapa asayansi apezanso mphamvu ina ya m’chilengedwe imene sakuidziwa bwino. Iwo anatsimikizira za mphamvuyi mu 1980 pamene amafufuza milalang’amba yosiyanasiyana. Milalang’amba imeneyi kuphatikizapo mlalang’amba wa Milky Way, imazungulira mothamanga kwambiri moti asayansi samvetsa kuti zimatheka bwanji kuti iziyenda mogwirizana. Choncho asayansiwa anaganiza kuti pali mphamvu ina imene imapangitsa kuti milalang’ambayi iziyenda mogwirizana. Koma kodi imeneyi ndi mphamvu yotani? Asayansi sakudziwa ndipo amangoti ndi mphamvu yosadziwika. * Kodi mphamvuyi ndi yochuluka bwanji? Asayansi akuganiza kuti imapanga 22 peresenti ya mphamvu zonse za m’chilengedwe.

Taganizirani izi: Malinga ndi zimene asayansi apeza panopa, mphamvu zimene akuzidziwa bwino zimapanga 4 peresenti ya mphamvu zonse za m’chilengedwe. Mphamvu ziwiri zosadziwikazo n’zimene zimapanga 96 peresenti yotsalayo. *

Kuphunzira za Chilengedwe Sikudzatha

Asayansi akufufuzabe kuti adziwe zambiri zokhudza zinthu zakuthambo koma pali zambiri zimene sakuzimvetsabe. Zimenezi zimatikumbutsa mfundo imene imapezeka palemba la Mlaliki 3:11. Lembali limati: “Chinthu chilichonse anachikongoletsa pa mphindi yake; ndipo waika zamuyaya m’mitima yawo ndipo palibe munthu angalondetse ntchito Mulungu wazipanga chiyambire mpaka chitsiriziro.”

Panopa sitingathe kudziwa zonse zokhudza zinthu zakuthambo chifukwa moyo wathu ndi waufupi. Komanso zina zimene asayansi amanena n’zosatsimikizirika ndipo zimatha kusintha. Koma Mulungu walonjeza kuti anthu okhulupirika adzakhala ndi moyo wosatha m’paradaiso padziko lapansi, ndipo panthawi imeneyi tidzadziwa zambiri zokhudza chilengedwe.—Salmo 37:11, 29; Luka 23:43.

Choncho sibwino kuopa zinthu zosalondola zakuti tsiku lina zinthu zakuthambo zidzagwa. Ndipotu asayansi akungodziwa zinthu zochepa chabe pamene Mlengi wathu amadziwa zinthu zonse.—Chivumbulutso 4:11.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 17]

YANG’ANANI KUMWAMBA KUTI MUONE ZINTHU ZODABWITSA

Mtumiki wina wakale wa Mulungu atayang’ana kumwamba usiku anachita chidwi kwambiri ndipo analemba ndakatulo yomwe timawerenga pa Salmo 8:3, 4 kuti: “Pakuona ine thambo la kumwamba lanu, ntchito ya zala zanu, mwezi ndi nyenyezi, zimene munazikhazika, munthu ndani kuti mum’kumbukira? Ndi mwana wa munthu kuti mucheza naye?” Komatu wamasalmo ameneyu sanadziwe zambiri chifukwa analibe zipangizo zoonera zakuthambo. Koma ifeyo timadziwa zambiri, choncho tiyenera kulemekeza Mulungu amene analenga zonsezi.

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

74% mphamvu yosadziwika

22% mphamvu ina yosadziwika

4% mphamvu zodziwika

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 16]

Background: Based on NASA photo

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Background: Based on NASA photo