Kodi N’zotheka Kuteteza Zachilengedwe Kuti Zisatheretu?

MU 2002, bungwe la United Nations linalengeza kuti likufuna kuti pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2010, likhale litapeza njira zotetezera nyama ndi zomera zimene zikutha. Mogwirizana ndi cholinga chimenechi, bungweli linasankha kuti chaka cha 2010 chikhale chokumbukira zinthu zachilengedwe.

Koma zomvetsa chisoni n’zakuti chakachi chitafika, zimene bungweli linkafuna zinali zisanatheke. Ponena za vuto limeneli, wailesi ya BBC inanena kuti: “Anthu akuchititsa kuti nyama ndi zomera zizitha mofulumira kwambiri, kuwirikiza nthawi 1000 kuposa mmene zikanathera zikanakhala kuti anthu sakuwononga zachilengedwe.” Nyuzipepala ina inanena kuti: “Mtundu umodzi wa zomera pa mitundu isanu iliyonse, mtundu umodzi wa nyama pa mitundu isanu iliyonse, mtundu umodzi wa mbalame pa mitundu 7 iliyonse komanso mtundu umodzi wa achule pa mitundu itatu iliyonse, watsala pang’ono kutheratu.” (New Zealand Herald) Zimene zakhala zikuchitika ku New Zealand m’zaka zambiri zapitazi zingatithandize kudziwa zimene zachititsa kuti mitundu ina ya nyama ndi zomera ithe.

Nyama ndi Zomera ku New Zealand

Anthu ku New Zealand asanachuluke, kunali nyama ndi zomera zambiri. Koma anthu ochokera m’madera ena atayamba kusamukira m’dzikolo, anabweretsa mitundu ina ya nyama ndi zomera yomwe inawononga kwambiri zinthu zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, anthu a mtundu wa Maori anabweretsa agalu komanso mwina mtundu winawake wa makoswe womwe anthuwo ankadya. Anthuwo ayenera kuti anatenga makoswewa ku zilumba za Polynesia zomwe zili m’nyanja ya Pacific.

Kenako m’zaka za m’ma 1600 ndi 1700, m’dzikomo munafika azungu omwenso anabweretsa mbuzi, nkhumba, ndi nyama zina zooneka ngati agwape. Anabweretsanso makoswe, mbewa ndi amphaka koma kenako amphakawo anasanduka amphaka am’tchire. M’zaka za m’ma 1800,  azunguwo anayambanso kuitanitsa nyama zina monga akalulu ndi tinyama tinatake tooneka ngati likongwe, kuchokera m’mayiko akunja. Iwo ankaitanitsa nyamazi kuti azidya komanso azipeza ubweya wake. Koma azunguwa sanaganizire mmene nyama zimenezi zingadzawonongere mbalame, mitengo ndi zomera zina.

Pofika m’zaka za m’ma 1860, akalulu aja anali ataswana kwambiri. Choncho pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, azunguwo anaitanitsa agologolo kuchokera m’mayiko ena kuti azidzagwira akaluluwo. Koma m’malo modya akaluluwo, agologolowo ankakonda kwambiri mbalame chifukwa sizinkavuta kugwira. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, akalulu anapitiriza kuchulukana kwambiri.

Bungwe la boma losamalira zinthu zachilengedwe ku New Zealand linafotokoza kuti masiku ano, mbalame 9 pa mbalame 10 zilizonse zotchedwa kiwi, zikumafa zisanakwanitse chaka chimodzi. Akuti zimenezi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nyama zimene zimadya mbalamezi. Panopa, mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zachilengedwe yatheratu. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu 40 ya mbalame, mitundu itatu ya achule, mtundu umodzi wa mileme komanso mitundu itatu ya abuluzi, ndi mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo touluka yatheratu. Ku New Zealand kuli mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera yokwana 5,819, ndipo hafu ya chiwerengerochi kapena kupitirira, ili m’gulu la zinthu zimene zatsala pang’ono kutha. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, dziko la New Zealand ndi limodzi mwa mayiko amene ali ndi vuto lalikulu pa nkhani ya zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zatsala pang’ono kutha.

Zimene Akwanitsa Kuchita

Panopa mabungwe osiyanasiyana a boma akhwimitsa chitetezo kuti zomera ndiponso nyama zimene zingawononge zachilengedwe zisalowenso m’dziko la New Zealand. Komanso, nthambi ya boma yosamalira zachilengedwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana pofuna kuthana ndi nyama zimene zimawononga zachilengedwe, makamaka m’zilumba. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, nthambiyi yakhazikitsitsa malo osiyanasiyana osungira nyama zakutchire.

Chimodzi mwa zilumba zimene anakhazikitsako malo osungira nyama zakutchire ndi chilumba cha Tiritiri Matangi. Chilumbachi chili pafupi ndi tawuni ya Whangaparaoa, yomwe ili kufupi ndi nyanja, mumzinda wa Auckland. M’chaka cha 1993 boma linapha makoswe onse m’derali ndipo linadzala mitengo yachilengedwe pafupifupi 280,000. Panopo m’derali amasungirako  zinthu zachilengedwe ndipo anthu amapita kukaona zachilengedwe monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zomwe anazitenga m’madera ena. Zina mwa mbalamezi ndi saddleback, takahe, yomwe imaoneka ngati nkhuku, kokako, imene imaoneka ngati nkhunda, rifleman, yomwe imaoneka ngati kansile komanso stitchbird, yomwe imaoneka ngati mpheta. Chifukwa choti mbalamezi zili kumalo otetezedwa, siziopa kuyandikana ndi anthu amene amabwera kudzaziona.

Mu 2003, boma linakwanitsa kupha makoswe onse pachilumba cha Campbell, patatha zaka ziwiri kuchokera pamene ntchito yothana ndi makoswewa inayamba. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, pachilumbachi payamba kumera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera. Komanso kutha kwa makoswewa kwachititsa kuti mbalame zakunyanja ziyambe kubwerera. Zachititsanso kuti mtundu winawake wosowa kwambiri wa atsekwe uyambenso kupezeka pachilumbachi.

Chaposachedwapa, boma lakhazikitsanso ntchito yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuteteza nyama zakutchire komanso kuteteza mitengo yotchedwa Pohutukawa, yomwe ndi yambiri ku New Zealand kuposa m’madera ena padziko lonse. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika pazilumba za Rangitoto ndi Motutapu komanso m’dera la Hauraki, lomwe lili mumzinda wa Auckland. Tsopano akansile komanso mbalame zotchedwa kakariki zayamba kupezekanso pazilumbazi, patatha zaka zambiri zisakupezeka. Zimenezi zatheka chifukwa choti boma lakwanitsa kuchotseratu nyama zimene zimadya mbalamezi monga amphaka am’tchire, akalulu, agologolo, chisoni, makoswe ndi mbewa.

Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti n’zotheka kuteteza ndi kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana zimene zatsala pang’ono kutha. Zikusonyezanso kuti n’zotheka kukonza zinthu zimene ena anachita m’mbuyomu mosaganiza bwino zimene zawonongetsa zachilengedwe. Anthu onse okonda zachilengedwe amayembekezera mwachidwi zimene Yehova Mulungu, yemwe ‘anapanga kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi,’ analonjeza m’Baibulo kuti adzathetsa zinthu zonse zimene anthu amachita, zimene zimawonongetsa zachilengedwe.—Salimo 115:15; Chivumbulutso 21:5.

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 25]

Padakali pano anapiye 9 pa 10 alionse a mbalame za kiwi akumafa asanakwanitse chaka chimodzi

[Bokosi patsamba 26]

AMAGWIRITSA NTCHITO NDALAMA MOSAMALA

Anthu ogwira ntchito yoteteza zachilengedwe padziko lonse amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu pogwira ntchito yawo. Limodzi mwa mavutowa ndi kuchepa kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchitoyo. Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto limeneli iwo amayamba kaye kuteteza nyama kapena zomera zimene zatsala zochepa kwambiri. Komanso amaona kaye ngati ntchito yoteteza zachilengedwezo ingathekedi. Kuti adziwe zimenezi, amaona zinthu monga (1) kufunika kwa nyama kapena zomerazo, (2) ngati njira imene akufuna kutsatirayo ingathandizedi, komanso (3) kuchuluka kwa ndalama zimene zingafunikire pa ntchitoyo. Ngakhale kuti ena sagwirizana ndi njira imeneyi, anthu amene amalimbikitsa njirayi amanena kuti imathandiza kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama zochepa chifukwa amateteza zomera kapena nyama zokhazo zimene akuona kuti n’zothekadi kuziteteza.

[Mapu patsamba 26]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

NEW ZEALAND

Nyanja ya Hauraki

Chilumba cha Tiritiri Matangi

Zilumba za Rangitoto ndi Motutapu

Chilumba cha Campbell

[Chithunzi patsamba 25]

Mbalame zotchedwa kiwi

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

© S Sailer/​A Sailer/​age fotostock

[Chithunzi patsamba 27]

Mbalame yotchedwa takahe ya pachilumba cha Tiritiri Matangi

[Chithunzi patsamba 27]

Chilumba cha Campbell

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 27]

Takahe: © FLPA/​Terry Whittaker/​age fotostock; Campbell Island: © Frans Lanting/​CORBIS