1-3. Kodi anthu akwawo kwa Yesu anatani atamva zimene Yesuyo ankaphunzitsa, ndipo analephera kudziwa mfundo iti yokhudza iyeyo?

 ANTHU amene ankamumvetsera anadabwa kwambiri. Yesu, yemwe anali wachinyamata, anaimirira kutsogolo kwawo m’sunagoge n’kumaphunzitsa. Sanali mlendo kwa anthuwo, chifukwa anakulira m’tauni yawo yomweyo ndipo kwa zaka zambiri ankamuona akugwira ntchito ya ukalipentala. Mwina ena mwa anthuwa ankakhala m’nyumba zimene Yesu anamanga nawo, kapena polima minda yawo ankagwiritsa ntchito mapulawo ndi magoli amene iye anapanga. a Ndiye kodi iwo akanamvera zonena za munthu ameneyu yemwe poyamba anali kalipentala?

² Ambiri mwa anthu amene ankamumvetsera anadabwa ndipo ankafunsa kuti: “Kodi munthu ameneyu, nzeru . . . zoterezi anazitenga kuti?” Anafunsanso kuti: “Kodi iyeyu si kalipentala, mwana wa Mariya?” (Mateyu 13:54-58; Maliko 6:1-3) N’zomvetsa chisoni kuti anthu akwawo kwa Yesuwa ankangoganiza kuti, ‘kalipentala uyu ndi munthu wa kwathu konkuno.’ Ngakhale kuti ankalankhula zanzeru, iwo anamukana. Koma sanadziwe kuti nzeruzo sizinali zake.

³ Kodi Yesu anazitenga kuti nzeru zimenezi? Iye anati, “Zimene ine ndimaphunzitsa si zanga, koma ndi za amene anandituma.” (Yohane 7:16) Mtumwi Paulo anafotokoza kuti Yesu “amatisonyeza nzeru za Mulungu.” (1 Akorinto 1:30) Mwana wa Mulunguyu amatithandiza kudziwa nzeru za Yehova. Zimenezi n’zoonadi, moti mpaka Yesu anafika ponena kuti: “Ine ndi Atate ndife amodzi.”  (Yohane 10:30) Tiyeni tikambirane njira zitatu zimene Yesu anasonyezera “nzeru za Mulungu.”

4. (a) Kodi mfundo yaikulu ya uthenga umene Yesu ankalalikira inali yotani, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani uthengawo ndi wofunika kwambiri? (b) N’chifukwa chiyani nthawi zonse malangizo a Yesu anali othandiza kwa omvera ake?

⁴ Choyamba, taganizirani zimene Yesu ankaphunzitsa. Mfundo yaikulu ya zimene ankalalikira inali “uthenga wabwino wa Ufumu.” (Luka 4:43) Umenewo unali uthenga wofunika kwambiri chifukwa Ufumuwo udzathandiza kuti dzina la Mulungu liyeretsedwe, zomwe zikuphatikizapo kutsimikizira kuti iye ndi Wolamulira wachilungamo. Udzathandizanso kuti anthu apeze madalitso osatha. Akamaphunzitsa, Yesu ankaperekanso malangizo othandiza pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Anasonyeza kuti analidi “Mlangizi Wodabwitsa” amene Malemba ananeneratu. (Yesaya 9:6) Koma kodi n’chifukwa chiyani Yesu anali “Mlangizi Wodabwitsa”? Ndi chifukwa choti ankadziwa bwino Mawu a Mulungu komanso chifuniro chake, ankamvetsa bwino mmene anthu alili komanso ankakonda kwambiri anthu. Choncho nthawi zonse malangizo ake anali othandiza kwambiri. Yesu ankalankhula “mawu othandiza munthu kuti adzapeze moyo wosatha.” Zoonadi, munthu akamatsatira malangizo a Yesu, adzapeza moyo wosatha.​—Yohane 6:68.

5. Kodi ndi nkhani zina ziti zimene Yesu anatchula pa ulaliki wa paphiri?

⁵ Ulaliki wa pa phiri ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chosonyeza kuti zimene Yesu ankaphunzitsa zinali zanzeru. Ulaliki umenewu umapezeka pa Mateyu 5:3 mpaka 7:27 ndipo mwina mfundo zake munthu angazifotokoze kwa 20 minitsi yokha. Komabe malangizo ake ndi othandiza komanso ofunika kwambiri masiku ano ngati mmene zinalili pa nthawiyo. Yesu anapereka malangizo pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana monga mmene munthu angakhalire bwino ndi anthu ena (5:23-26, 38-42; 7:1-5, 12), mmene angakhalire ndi khalidwe loyera (5:27-32) ndiponso zimene angachite kuti azisangalala (6:19-24; 7:24-27). Sikuti Yesu anangouza anthuwo malangizo anzeru, koma ankawafotokozera zifukwa zake komanso  kuwapatsa zitsanzo. Zimenezi zinkawathandiza kudziwa kufunika kotsatira malangizowo.

6-8. (a) Kodi Yesu anapereka zifukwa zomveka ziti zotichititsa kuti tisamade nkhawa? (b) N’chiyani chikuonetsa kuti malangizo a Yesu amasonyeza nzeru zochokera kumwamba?

⁶ Mwachitsanzo, taonani malangizo anzeru a Yesu pa nkhani yokhudza kudera nkhawa zinthu zofunika pa moyo opezeka pa Mateyu chaputala 6. Iye anatilangiza kuti: “Siyani kudera nkhawa za moyo wanu, kuti mudzadya chiyani kapena kuti mudzamwa chiyani kapenanso kudera nkhawa za matupi anu kuti mudzavala chiyani.” (Vesi 25) Chakudya ndi zovala ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa moyo, ndipo mwachibadwa timada nkhawa kuti tizipeza bwanji. Koma Yesu anatiuza kuti ‘tisiye kudera nkhawa’ zinthu zimenezi. b Chifukwa chiyani?

⁷ Yesu anafotokoza zifukwa zomveka zotichititsa kuti tisamade nkhawa. Popeza Yehova anatipatsa moyo ndiponso thupi, kodi sangatipatsenso zovala komanso chakudya chothandiza kuti tikhale ndi moyo? (Vesi 25) Ngati Mulungu amapatsa mbalame chakudya ndiponso kuchititsa kuti maluwa azioneka okongola, ndiye kuli bwanji anthu amene amamulambira? (Vesi 26, 28-30) Kunena zoona, kuda nkhawa kwambiri kulibe phindu lililonse. Sikungatithandize kuti tiwonjezere masiku a moyo wathu. c (Vesi 27) Ndiye kodi tingatani kuti tisamade nkhawa? Yesu anatipatsa malangizo akuti: Pitirizani kuika zinthu zokhudza kulambira pa malo oyamba. Anthu amene amachita zimenezi ayenera kukhulupirira kuti Atate wawo wakumwamba ‘adzawapatsa’ zofunika za tsiku lililonse. (Vesi 33) Pomaliza, Yesu anapereka malangizo othandiza kwambiri akuti, tizithana kaye ndi mavuto a tsiku limodzi. Tisamawonjezere nkhawa za mawa pa mavuto a lero. (Vesi 34) Ndiponso palibe chifukwa choti tizidera nkhawa kwambiri za zinthu zimene mwina  sizidzachitika n’komwe. Kutsatira malangizo anzeru amenewa kungatithandize kuti tipewe mavuto ambiri m’dziko loipali.

⁸ N’zodziwikiratu kuti malangizo amene Yesu anaperekawa ndi othandiza masiku ano ngati mmenenso analili zaka pafupifupi 2,000 zapitazo. Kodi umenewu si umboni wa nzeru zochokera kumwamba? Malangizo ochokera kwa anthu, ngakhale atakhala anzeru, pakapita nthawi amakhala osathandiza ndipo amafunika kuwakonzanso kapena kuwasintha. Koma zimene Yesu anaphunzitsa zikugwirabe ntchito mpaka pano. Komatu zimenezi siziyenera kutidabwitsa, chifukwa Mlangizi Wodabwitsayu ankalankhula “mawu a Mulungu.”​—Yohane 3:34.

9. Kodi alonda ena anati chiyani zokhudza mmene Yesu ankaphunzitsira, nanga n’chifukwa chiyani sikunali kukokomeza?

⁹ Njira yachiwiri imene Yesu anasonyezera nzeru za Mulungu, inali mmene ankaphunzitsira. Pa nthawi ina, alonda omwe anatumidwa kuti akamugwire anabwerako chimanjamanja, n’kunena kuti: “Palibe munthu amene analankhulapo ngati iyeyu n’kale lonse.” (Yohane 7:45, 46) Sikuti anthuwa ankangokokomeza. Pa anthu onse amene anakhalako, Yesu, yemwe anali “wochokera kumwamba,” ndi amene ankadziwa zinthu zochuluka ndiponso ndi amene anaona zinthu zambiri kuposa wina aliyense moti ankalankhula kuchokera pa zimenezo. (Yohane 8:23) N’chifukwa chake ankaphunzitsa mosiyana ndi wina aliyense. Tiyeni tione njira ziwiri zokha zimene Mphunzitsi wanzeruyu ankagwiritsa ntchito pophunzitsa.

10, 11. (a) N’chifukwa chiyani timagoma tikaganizira mmene Yesu ankagwiritsira ntchito mafanizo? (b) Perekani chitsanzo cha nkhani yongoyerekezera imene Yesu anafotokoza yomwe imatiphunzitsa mfundo yofunika kwambiri.

¹⁰ Ankagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo mogwira mtima. Baibulo limati Yesu ‘analankhula ndi gulu la anthulo pogwiritsa ntchito mafanizo. Ndithudi, nthawi zonse iye ankalankhula nawo pogwiritsa ntchito mafanizo.’ (Mateyu 13:34) Timagoma tikaganizira luso lake lophunzitsa choonadi pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimene anthu ankazidziwa bwino. Anatchula za alimi akudzala mbewu, azimayi akukonzekera kupanga mkate, ana akusewera pamsika, asodzi akuponya makoka ndiponso abusa akufunafuna  nkhosa zosochera. Zonsezi zinali zinthu zimene omvera ake ankaziona nthawi zambiri. Mfundo zofunika kwambiri za choonadi zikafotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zodziwika bwino, anthu amazimva mosavuta ndipo zimakhazikika mumtima mwawo.​—Mateyu 11:16-19; 13:3-8, 33, 47-50; 18:12-14.

¹¹ Nthawi zambiri Yesu ankafotokozanso mafanizo a nkhani zongoyerekezera pofuna kuphunzitsa mfundo za makhalidwe abwino komanso za choonadi. Popeza nkhanizi sizivuta kuzimvetsa ndiponso kuzikumbukira, njira imeneyi inkathandiza anthu kuti azikumbukirabe mfundo zofunika zimene Yesu anawaphunzitsa. Munkhani zambiri zoterezi, Yesu ankapereka chithunzi chooneka bwino chokhudza mmene Atate ake alili ndipo zimenezi zinkathandiza anthu kumakumbukirabe mfundo zokhudza Yehova zomwe aphunzira. Mwachitsanzo, ndani sangamvetse mfundo ya m’fanizo la mwana wolowerera, yakuti munthu amene wasiya choonadi akalapa kuchokera pansi pa mtima, Yehova amamuchitira chifundo n’kumulandiranso mwachikondi?​—Luka 15:11-32.

12. (a) Kodi Yesu ankagwiritsa ntchito bwanji mafunso pophunzitsa? (b) Kodi Yesu anafunsa funso liti lomwe linachititsa kuti anthu amene ankakayikira zoti iye ali ndi ulamuliro asowe chonena?

¹² Ankagwiritsa ntchito mafunso mwaluso. Yesu ankagwiritsa ntchito mafunso kuti omvera ake apeze okha yankho, adzifufuze komanso asankhe zochita. (Mateyu 12:24-30; 17:24-27; 22:41-46) Mwachitsanzo, atsogoleri achipembedzo atakayikira ngati Yesu anapatsidwadi ulamuliro ndi Mulungu, iye anayankha kuti: “Kodi ubatizo umene Yohane ankachita unali wochokera kumwamba kapena kwa anthu?” Iwo anadabwa kwambiri ndi funsoli moti anayamba kuuzana kuti: “Tikanena kuti, ‘Unachokera kumwamba,’ atifunsa kuti, ‘Nanga n’chifukwa chiyani simunamukhulupirire?’ Koma tinganene kuti ‘Unachokera kwa anthu’ ngati? Iwo ankaopa gulu la anthu, chifukwa anthu onsewo ankakhulupirira kuti Yohane analidi mneneri. Choncho iwo anayankha Yesu kuti: ‘Sitikudziwa.’” (Maliko 11:27-33; Mateyu 21:23-27) Pogwiritsa ntchito funso limodzi lokha losavuta, Yesu anawasowetsa chonena ndipo zinadziwika kuti anali anthu achinyengo.

13-15. Kodi fanizo la Msamariya wachifundo limasonyeza bwanji kuti Yesu ndi wanzeru?

¹³ Nthawi zina Yesu ankaphatikiza njira ziwiri pophunzitsa.  Akafotokoza nkhani yongoyerekezera, kenako ankafunsa mafunso. Mwachitsanzo, Myuda wina wodziwa Chilamulo anafunsa Yesu chimene chimafunika kuti munthu adzapeze moyo wosatha. Yesu anamuuza za Chilamulo cha Mose chomwe chimanena za kukonda Mulungu komanso anthu anzathu. Pofuna kudzionetsa kuti ndi wolungama, munthuyo anafunsa kuti: “Nanga mnzanga amene ndikuyenera kumukonda ndi ndani kwenikweni?” Poyankha, Yesu anafotokoza nkhani yongoyerekezera. Myuda wina ankayenda yekhayekha ndipo anakumana ndi achifwamba omwe anamuvulaza n’kumusiya atatsala pang’ono kufa. Panafika Ayuda awiri, poyamba wansembe kenako Mlevi. Koma onsewo sanamuthandize. Kenako panafika Msamariya. Chifukwa cha chifundo, iye anamanga mabala a wovulalayo ndipo anapita naye kunyumba ya alendo kumene akanatha kuchira. Pomaliza, Yesu anafunsa munthuyo kuti: “Ndi ndani pa anthu atatuwa amene iweyo ukuona kuti anakonda munthu amene anakumana ndi achifwambayu?” Munthuyo anakakamizika kuyankha kuti: “Ndi amene anamuchitira chifundoyo.”​—Luka 10:25-37.

¹⁴ Kodi nkhaniyi ikusonyeza bwanji kuti Yesu ndi wanzeru? Munthawi ya Yesu, Ayuda ankanena kuti ‘mnzawo’ ndi munthu yekhayo amene ankasunga miyambo yawo ndipo n’zodziwikiratu kuti ankaona kuti Asamariya si anzawo. (Yohane 4:9) Ngati pofotokoza nkhaniyi Yesu akananena kuti Msamariya ndi amene anavulala ndipo Myuda ndi yemwe anamuthandiza, kodi akanathandiza munthuyo kuti achotse maganizo a tsankhowo? Mwanzeru, Yesu anafotokoza nkhaniyi m’njira yakuti Msamariya ndi yemwe anasamalira Myuda mwachikondi. Taonaninso funso limene Yesu anafunsa kumapeto kwa nkhaniyo pofuna kuthandiza munthu uja kumvetsa zimene kukonda mnzathu kumatanthauza. Tingati munthuyo anafunsa kuti: ‘Kodi ndi ndani amene ndiyenera kumusonyeza chikondi monga mnzanga?’ Koma Yesu anamufunsa kuti: ‘Ndi ndani pa anthu atatuwa amene iweyo ukuona kuti anakonda munthuyo?’ Mfundo ya Yesu sinali pa munthu amene anasonyezedwa chifundo, koma amene anasonyeza chifundo, yemwe ndi Msamariya uja. Mnzathu weniweni amayamba ndi iyeyo kusonyeza chikondi kwa ena mosatengera kuti ndi a mtundu uti. Apatu Yesu anaphunzitsa mwanzeru kwambiri.

 ¹⁵ M’pake kuti anthu anadabwa ndi “kaphunzitsidwe” ka Yesu ndipo ankakopeka naye. (Mateyu 7:28, 29) Moti pa nthawi ina, “gulu la anthu” linakhala naye limodzi kwa masiku atatu ndipo mwina anthuwo sankachoka kuti akadye.​—Maliko 8:1, 2.

16. Kodi Yesu ‘anasonyeza’ bwanji kuti ankatsogoleredwa ndi nzeru za Mulungu?

¹⁶ Njira yachitatu imene Yesu anasonyezera nzeru za Yehova ndi zimene ankachita pa moyo wake. Munthu akachita zinthu mwanzeru zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino. Yakobo, yemwe anali wophunzira wa Yesu, anafunsa kuti: “Kodi pakati panu pali aliyense wanzeru ndi womvetsa zinthu?” Kenako anati: “Ngati alipo asonyeze zimenezi pochita zinthu zabwino pa moyo wake.” (Yakobo 3:13) Zimene Yesu ankachita ‘zinkasonyeza’ kuti ankatsogoleredwa ndi nzeru za Mulungu. Tiyeni tione mmene anasonyezera kuti anali munthu woganiza bwino pa zimene ankachita pa moyo wake komanso mmene ankachitira zinthu ndi ena.

17. Kodi n’chiyani chikusonyeza kuti Yesu sankachita zinthu mopitirira malire?

¹⁷ Kodi munaona kuti anthu osaganiza bwino nthawi zambiri amachita zinthu mopitirira malire? Pamafunika nzeru kuti munthu asamachite zimenezi. Popeza Yesu ankasonyeza nzeru za Mulungu, nthawi zonse ankachita zinthu moganiza bwino. Iye ankaika zinthu zokhudza kulambira pamalo oyamba. Ankatanganidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yolalikira uthenga wabwino. Iye anati: “Ndinabwera kudzachita zimenezi.” (Maliko 1:38) Sankaona kuti kukhala ndi katundu n’kofunika kwambiri ndipo zikuoneka kuti analibe zinthu zambiri. (Mateyu 8:20) Komabe zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti sankasangalala ndi zinthu zabwino. Mofanana ndi Atate ake, omwe ndi “Mulungu wachimwemwe,” Yesu ankasangalala ndipo ankathandizanso anthu ena kuti azisangalala. (1 Timoteyo 1:11; 6:15) Pamene anapezeka paphwando laukwati, pomwe nthawi zambiri pamakhala nyimbo, kuimba ndiponso kusangalala, sanapezekepo kuti asokoneze mwambowo. Vinyo atatha, iye anasandutsa madzi kukhala vinyo wokoma, chakumwa ‘chimene chimasangalatsa mtima wa munthu.’  (Salimo 104:15; Yohane 2:1-11) Komanso Yesu ankapita kunyumba za anthu ambiri akamuitanira chakudya ndipo nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito mpata umenewu pophunzitsa anthu.​—Luka 10:38-42; 14:1-6.

18. Kodi Yesu anasonyeza bwanji nzeru pochita zinthu ndi ophunzira ake?

¹⁸ Yesu anasonyezanso nzeru pochita zinthu ndi anthu. Popeza ankadziwa bwino anthu, ankatha kuwamvetsa ophunzira ake. Ankadziwa kuti ophunzira akewo sanali angwiro. Koma ankadziwanso makhalidwe awo abwino. Ankaona kuti anthu amenewa, omwe Yehova anali atawakoka, angathe kuchita zambiri. (Yohane 6:44) Ngakhale kuti iwo ankalakwitsa zinthu zina, Yesu ankawakhulupirira. Posonyeza kuti ankawakhulupirira, anawapatsa udindo waukulu kwambiri. Anawapatsa ntchito yolalikira uthenga wabwino ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti aikwanitsa. (Mateyu 28:19, 20) Buku la Machitidwe limasonyeza kuti ophunzirawo anagwira mokhulupirika ntchito yomwe anawapatsayo. (Machitidwe 2:41, 42; 4:33; 5:27-32) Choncho n’zodziwikiratu kuti Yesu anasonyeza nzeru powakhulupirira.

19. Kodi Yesu anasonyeza bwanji kuti anali “wofatsa ndi wodzichepetsa”?

¹⁹ Monga taonera m’Mutu 20, Baibulo limasonyeza kuti pali kugwirizana pakati pa kudzichepetsa, kufatsa ndi nzeru. N’zoona kuti chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri pa nkhaniyi ndi Yehova. Nanga bwanji Yesu? N’zosangalatsa kuona mmene Yesu ankachitira  zinthu modzichepetsa ndi ophunzira ake. Popeza anali wangwiro, ankawaposa. Komabe sankadziona kuti ndi wapamwamba kuposa iwowo. Sanawachititsepo kudziona kuti ndi otsika kapena olephera. M’malomwake, ankadziwa kuti panali zinthu zina zomwe sakanakwanitsa kuchita ndipo ankawalezera mtima pa zimene ankalakwitsa. (Maliko 14:34-38; Yohane 16:12) Kodi si zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale ana ankamasuka ndi Yesu? Zoonadi, iwo ankasangalala kukhala naye pafupi chifukwa ankaona kuti anali “wofatsa ndi wodzichepetsa.”​—Mateyu 11:29; Maliko 10:13-16.

20. Kodi Yesu anasonyeza bwanji kulolera pamene ankachita zinthu ndi mayi yemwe sanali Myuda, amene mwana wake anagwidwa ndi chiwanda?

²⁰ Yesu anasonyeza kuti amatsanzira Yehova pa nkhani yodzichepetsa m’njira inanso yofunika kwambiri. Iye anali wololera ndipo ankasonyeza chifundo pakakhala zifukwa zabwino zochitira zimenezo. Mwachitsanzo, kumbukirani nthawi imene mayi wina yemwe sanali Myuda anamupempha kuti amuchiritsire mwana wake wamkazi yemwe anagwidwa ndi chiwanda. Katatu konse, Yesu anasonyeza kuti sankafuna kumuthandiza. Koyamba sanamuyankhe mayiyo, kachiwiri, anamuuza mwachindunji kuti sanatumidwe kwa anthu amene sanali Ayuda koma kwa Ayuda, ndipo kachitatu, anafotokoza fanizo limene mokoma mtima linafotokoza chifukwa chake sakanamuthandiza. Koma mayiyo anali ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba moti anapitiriza kupempha Yesu kuti amuthandize. Ndiye kodi Yesu anatani? Anachita zomwezo zimene anati sangachite. Anachiritsa mwana wa mayiyo. (Mateyu 15:21-28) Apatu Yesu anasonyeza kuti anali wodzichepetsa kwambiri. Ndipo kumbukirani kuti munthu wanzeru amakhalanso wodzichepetsa.

21. N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kumayesetsa kuti tizitsanzira zimene Yesu ankachita komanso kulankhula?

²¹ Timayamikira kwambiri Yehova chifukwa mabuku a Uthenga Wabwino amatiuza zambiri zokhudza zimene Yesu, yemwe ndi munthu wanzeru kwambiri pa anthu onse amene anakhalako padzikoli, anachita ndiponso kulankhula. Tizikumbukira kuti Yesu ankasonyeza bwino mmene Atate ake alili. Tikamatsanzira zimene ankachita komanso kulankhula, tidzakhala tikusonyeza nzeru zochokera kumwamba. M’mutu wotsatira, tiona mmene tingagwiritsire ntchito nzeru za Mulungu pa moyo wathu.