1, 2. (a) Ni ubuhe buryo Yesu yakoresheje kugira ngo ageze ubutumwa ku bantu benshi? (b) Abigishwa b’indahemuka ba Kristo bakurikije bate urugero rwe, kandi kuki?

 IMBAGA y’abantu benshi bateraniye aho Yesu yari ari ku nkombe z’inyanja, ariko yurira ubwato abitaruraho gato. Yabitewe n’iki? Yari azi ko amazi ashobora kongera ijwi rye bigatuma abantu benshi bashobora kumva neza ubutumwa bwe.​—Soma muri Mariko 4:1, 2.

² Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo mbere na nyuma y’uko Ubwami bushyirwaho, abigishwa b’indahemuka ba Kristo bakurikije urugero rwe, bakoresha uburyo bushya kugira ngo bageze ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami ku bantu benshi. Abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bayobowe n’Umwami, bakomeza gushakisha uburyo bushya bwo kubwiriza, bagahuza n’imimerere igenda ihinduka kandi bagakoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Twifuza kugera ku bantu benshi uko bishoboka kose mbere y’uko imperuka iza (Mat 24:14). Reka dusuzume bumwe mu buryo twagiye dukoresha kugira ngo tugere ku bantu aho batuye hose ku isi. Nanone, utekereze uko wakwigana ukwizera kw’abakwirakwije ubutumwa bwiza muri iyo myaka ya mbere.

3. Ni iki cyatumye abanzi b’ukuri bamanjirwa bitewe n’uko twakoreshaga ibinyamakuru?

³ Ibinyamakuru. Umuvandimwe Russell na bagenzi be basohoraga Umunara w’Umurinzi kuva mu mwaka wa 1879, bakageza ubutumwa bw’Ubwami ku bantu benshi. Icyakora, bisa naho mu myaka icumi yabanjirije umwaka wa 1914, Kristo yayoboye ibintu kugira ngo ubutumwa bwiza bugere ku bantu benshi kurushaho. Ibyo byose byatangiye mu mwaka wa 1903. Muri uwo mwaka Dr. E. L. Eaton, wari umuvugizi w’itsinda ry’abayobozi b’idini ry’Abaporotesitanti muri leta ya Pennsylvania, yasabye Charles Taze Russell ko bagirana ibiganiro mpaka bishingiye ku nyigisho za Bibiliya. Eaton yandikiye Russell ati “natekereje ko turamutse tugize ibiganiro mpaka mu ruhame tukavuga ibibazo tutavugaho rumwe, byashishikaza abantu cyane.” Russell na bagenzi be na bo batekerezaga ko ibyo biganiro mpaka byari gushishikaza abantu, maze bashyiraho gahunda yo kujya babitangaza mu kinyamakuru cyari gikomeye (The Pittsburgh Gazette). Ingingo zasohokaga muri icyo kinyamakuru zarakunzwe cyane, kandi Russell  yasobanuraga ukuri kwa Bibiliya mu buryo bwumvikana neza cyane ku buryo icyo kinyamakuru cyemeye kujya gisohora disikuru za Russell buri cyumweru. Mbega ukuntu ibyo bigomba kuba byaratumye abanzi b’ukuri bamanjirwa cyane!

4, 5. Ni uwuhe muco Russell yagaragaje, kandi se abafite inshingano bakwigana bate urugero rwe?

⁴ Bidatinze, ibindi binyamakuru na byo byifuzaga kujya bisohora disikuru za Russell. Mu mwaka wa 1908, Umunara w’Umurinzi wavuze ko izo disikuru zasohokaga “buri gihe mu binyamakuru 11.” Icyakora, abavandimwe bari bamenyereye imikorere y’ibinyamakuru bagiriye Russell inama, bamubwira ko aramutse yimuye icyicaro cy’umuteguro bakava i Pittsburgh bakajya gukorera mu mugi uzwi cyane, ibinyamakuru byinshi byari kujya bisohora ingingo zishingiye kuri Bibiliya. Russell amaze gusuzuma iyo nama n’ibindi bintu, mu mwaka wa 1909 yimuriye ibiro i Brooklyn muri New York. Ibyo byatanze iki? Hashize amezi make gusa bimutse, ibinyamakuru bigera kuri 400 byasohoraga izo disikuru, kandi umubare wabyo wakomezaga kwiyongera. Igihe Ubwami bwashyirwagaho mu mwaka wa 1914, ibinyamakuru bisaga 2.000 byasohoraga disikuru za Russell n’ingingo yandikaga, bikabisohora mu ndimi enye!

⁵ Ni irihe somo ry’ingenzi ibyo bitwigisha? Byaba byiza abafite ubutware runaka mu muteguro w’Imana muri iki gihe biganye umuco wo kwicisha bugufi Russell yagaragaje. Bawigana bate? Mu gihe bafata imyanzuro ikomeye, bagombye gusuzuma inama abandi babagira.​—Soma mu Migani 15:22.

6. Ni mu buhe buryo umuntu umwe yungukiwe n’ukuri kwabaga kuri mu ngingo zasohokaga mu binyamakuru?

⁶ Ukuri k’Ubwami kwabaga kuri mu ngingo zasohokaga muri ibyo binyamakuru, kwahinduye imibereho y’abantu (Heb 4:12). Urugero, Ora Hetzel wabatijwe mu mwaka wa 1917, ni umwe mu bantu bamenye ukuri binyuze kuri izo ngingo. Ora agira ati “maze gushyingirwa, nagiye gusura mama wari utuye i Rochester ho muri Minnesota. Ngezeyo, nasanze arimo akata ingingo zo mu kinyamakuru. Zari disikuru za Russell. Mama yansobanuriye ibintu yari yaramenye byari muri izo disikuru.” Ora yemeye ukuri, kandi yamaze imyaka igera kuri 60 ari umubwiriza w’Ubwami bw’Imana w’indahemuka.

7. Kuki abari bayoboye umurimo bongeye gusuzuma niba ari ngombwa gukoresha ibinyamakuru?

⁷ Mu mwaka wa 1916, hari ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi byatumye abari bayoboye umurimo bongera gusuzuma niba ari ngombwa gukomeza gukoresha ibinyamakuru mu gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bwiza. Icya mbere, Intambara Ikomeye yacaga ibintu yatumye kubona ibikoresho by’icapiro bitoroha. Mu mwaka wa 1916, raporo yaturutse mu rwego rwacu rwari rushinzwe ibinyamakuru mu Bwongereza, yagaragaje uko icyo kibazo cyari giteye igira iti “ubu hari ibinyamakuru bisaga 30 gusa bisohora disikuru. Birashoboka cyane ko vuba aha uwo mubare uzarushaho kugabanuka bitewe n’uko ikiguzi cy’impapuro gikomeza kuzamuka.” Icya kabiri, ni urupfu rw’umuvandimwe Russell rwabaye ku itariki ya 31 Ukwakira 1916. Ni yo mpamvu Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Ukuboza 1916, watangaje uti “ubu ubwo umuvandimwe Russell yapfuye, disikuru ze zasohokaga [mu binyamakuru]  ntizizongera gusohoka.” Nubwo ubwo buryo bwo kubwiriza bwahagaze, hari ubundi buryo, urugero nka filimi ivuga iby’irema (Photo-Drame de la Création), bwakomeje kugera kuri byinshi.

8. Ni iki cyakozwe mu gutegura filimi ivuga iby’irema?

⁸ Kwerekana amafoto. Russell na bagenzi be bamaze imyaka itatu bategura filimi ivuga iby’irema yasohotse mu mwaka wa 1914 (Imig 21:5). Iyo darame, nk’uko bayitaga, yakoreshaga uburyo bushya bukomatanya videwo, amajwi n’amashusho y’amabara agenda asimburana. Abantu babarirwa mu magana bagize uruhare mu gukina inkuru zo muri Bibiliya bagafatwa amashusho ya videwo, ndetse habaga harimo n’inyamaswa. Raporo yo mu mwaka wa 1913 yagiraga iti “inyamaswa nyinshi zo mu bigo byororerwamo inyamaswa zarakoreshejwe kugira ngo hategurwe amashusho ya videwo aherekejwe n’amajwi agaragaza imibereho ya Nowa.” Naho amashusho agenda asimburana abarirwa mu magana yakoreshejwe muri iyo darame, abanyabugeni b’i Londres,  New York, Paris no muri Philadelphia bashyiraga amabara muri buri shusho bakoresheje intoki.

9. Kuki bamaze igihe kirekire bategura iyo filimi ivuga iby’irema kandi bakayishoramo amafaranga menshi?

⁹ Kuki bamaze igihe kirekire bategura iyo filimi ivuga iby’irema kandi bakayishoramo amafaranga menshi? Icyemezo cyafashwe mu makoraniro yo mu mwaka wa 1913 cyabisobanuye kigira kiti “tumaze kubona ko ibinyamakuru byo muri Amerika byashoboye guhindura cyane ibitekerezo by’abantu bikoresheje inkuru zishushanyije n’amashusho byasohokaga mu mwanya wagenewe amakuru, tukabona ukuntu amashusho ya videwo akunzwe cyane kandi ashobora gukoreshwa mu mimerere yose, n’ukuntu yagaragaje mu buryo bwuzuye agaciro kayo, bituma twe ababwiriza n’abigisha ba Bibiliya bagendana n’igihe twemera tudashidikanya ko dufite impamvu zumvikana zo gukoresha mu buryo bwuzuye amashusho ya videwo n’amashusho agenda asimburana, kuko ari uburyo bwiza kandi bugira icyo bugeraho bukwiriye gukoreshwa n’ababwirizabutumwa n’abigisha.”

10. Filimi ivuga iby’irema yerekanywe mu rugero rungana iki?

¹⁰ Mu mwaka wa 1914, iyo filimi ivuga iby’irema yerekanwaga mu migi 80 buri munsi. Abantu bagera hafi kuri miriyoni 8 muri Amerika no muri Kanada barayibonye. Muri uwo mwaka, iyo filimi yerekanywe muri Ositaraliya, mu Bwongereza, muri Danimarike, muri Finilande, mu Budage, muri Nouvelle-Zélande, muri Noruveje, muri Suwede no mu Busuwisi. Nanone iyo filimi yateguwe mu buryo buhinnye, itarimo amashusho ya videwo, kugira ngo ijye yerekanwa mu migi mito. Iyo filimi yari ihendutse kandi kuyitwara byari byoroshye. Byageze mu mwaka wa 1916, iyo filimi ivuga iby’irema, yaba yose (Photo-Drame) cyangwa ihinnye (Eurêka Drame) yarahinduwe mu kinyarumeniya, ikidanwa cyo muri Noruveje, igifaransa, ikidage, ikigiriki, igitaliyani, igipolonye, icyesipanyoli n’igisuwede.

11, 12. Ni mu buhe buryo filimi ivuga iby’irema yakoze ku mutima umusore umwe, kandi se ni uruhe rugero yatanze?

¹¹ Iyo filimi ihinduwe mu gifaransa yakoze ku mutima cyane umusore w’imyaka 18 witwaga Charles Rohner. Charles agira ati “iyo filimi yerekanywe mu mugi w’iwacu wa Colmar mu ntara ya Alsace, mu Bufaransa. Nkiyibona, natangajwe n’ukuntu yasobanuraga ukuri kwa Bibiliya mu buryo bwumvikana neza cyane.”

¹² Ibyo byatumye Charles abatizwa, maze mu mwaka wa 1922 atangira umurimo w’igihe cyose. Zimwe mu nshingano za mbere yahawe, harimo no kugira uruhare mu kwereka abantu bo mu Bufaransa iyo filimi ivuga iby’irema. Charles yasobanuye uko uwo murimo wari uteye agira ati “nahawe inshingano zinyuranye, hakubiyemo gucuranga umuzika, gucunga umutungo no guha abateranye ibitabo. Nanone nasabwe kujya nsaba abantu guceceka mbere y’uko porogaramu itangira. Mu gihe cy’ikiruhuko twatangaga ibitabo. Twahaga buri muvandimwe cyangwa mushiki wacu igice ari butangemo ibitabo. Buri wese yafataga ibitabo byuzuye mu kuboko akegera buri muntu mu gihande yahawe. Nanone twashyiraga ameza yuzuye ibitabo ku muryango.” Mu mwaka wa 1925, Charles yasabwe kujya gukora kuri Beteli y’i Brooklyn muri New York. Agezeyo yahawe inshingano yo kuyobora  abacuranzi bacurangaga kuri radiyo yari iherutse gushingwa ya WBBR. Nyuma yo gusuzuma urugero rw’umuvandimwe Rohner, twagombye kwibaza tuti ‘ese niteguye kwemera inshingano iyo ari yo yose nahabwa kugira ngo ngire uruhare mu gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bw’Ubwami?’​—Soma muri Yesaya 6:8.

13, 14. Ni mu buhe buryo radiyo yakoreshejwe mu gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bwiza? (Reba agasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “ Ibiganiro bya radiyo ya WBBR,” n’agafite umutwe uvuga ngo “ Ikoraniro ritazibagirana.”)

¹³ Radiyo. Mu myaka ya 1920, umurimo wo kwerekana iyo filimi ivuga iby’irema watangiye gucogora, ariko radiyo yatangiye gukoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami. Ku itariki ya 16 Mata 1922, umuvandimwe Rutherford yatanze ikiganiro kitazibagirana cyanyuze kuri radiyo, agitangira mu nzu mberabyombi ya Metropolitan Opera House y’i Philadelphia muri leta ya Pennsylvania. Abantu bagera ku 50.000 bumvise disikuru yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bariho ubu ntibazigera bapfa.” Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1923, ku ncuro ya mbere banyujije kuri radiyo porogaramu y’ikoraniro. Uretse gukoresha radiyo z’ubucuruzi, abari bayoboye umurimo babonye ko byarushaho kuba byiza tugize radiyo yacu bwite. Iyo radiyo yubatswe i Staten Island muri New York, ikaba yaritwaga WBBR. Ikiganiro cya mbere cyanyuze kuri iyo radiyo ku itariki ya 24 Gashyantare 1924.

¹⁴ Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Ukuboza 1924 wasobanuye intego ya radiyo ya WBBR ugira uti “dutekereza ko radiyo ari bwo buryo bwo gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bw’ukuri buhendutse kandi bugira icyo bugeraho kurusha ubundi bwose bwakoreshejwe kugeza ubu.” Hanyuma wongeyeho uti “Umwami nabona ko bikwiriye ko tugira andi maradiyo, azatanga amafaranga mu buryo abona ko bukwiriye” (Zab 127:1). Byageze mu mwaka wa 1926, abagaragu ba Yehova bafite radiyo esheshatu. Ebyiri zari muri Amerika, ni ukuvuga WBBR yari i New York na WORD yari hafi y’i Chicago. Izindi enye zari muri Kanada, mu ntara ya Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, na Saskatchewan.

15, 16. (a) Abayobozi b’amadini yiyita aya gikristo bo muri Kanada bakoze iki bamaze kumenya ko ukuri gukwirakwizwa hakoreshejwe radiyo? (b) Ni mu buhe buryo disikuru zanyuraga kuri radiyo n’umurimo wo kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu byuzuzanyaga?

¹⁵ Abayobozi b’amadini yiyita aya gikristo bahise bamenya iyo gahunda yagutse yo gukwirakwiza ukuri kwa Bibiliya hakoreshejwe radiyo. Albert Hoffman wari usobanukiwe umurimo wakorerwaga kuri radiyo y’i Saskatchewan muri Kanada, yaravuze ati “abantu benshi cyane batangiye kumenya Abigishwa ba Bibiliya [nk’uko Abahamya ba Yehova bitwaga icyo gihe]. Hatanzwe ubuhamya buhebuje kugeza mu mwaka wa 1928, ubwo abayobozi b’amadini botsaga igitutu abategetsi, maze radiyo zose zakoreshwaga n’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya muri Kanada zikamburwa uburenganzira bwo gukora.”

¹⁶ Nubwo amaradiyo yacu yo muri Kanada yafunzwe, disikuru zishingiye kuri Bibiliya zakomeje gutangwa hakoreshejwe radiyo z’ubucuruzi (Mat 10:23). Kugira ngo ibyo biganiro birusheho kugera ku ntego, amagazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi na Nimukanguke! (icyo gihe yitwaga L’Age d’or) yabaga arimo urutonde rw’amaradiyo y’ubucuruzi yatangazaga ukuri kwa Bibiliya kugira ngo ababwiriza basuye abantu mu ngo zabo babashishikarize gukurikira  izo disikuru ku maradiyo y’iwabo. Ibyo byageze ku ki? Umurimo Wacu w’Ubwami wo muri Mutarama 1931 wagize uti “ibiganiro byanyuraga kuri radiyo byateraga inkunga cyane ababwiriza mu gihe babaga babwiriza ku nzu n’inzu. Hari raporo nyinshi zageraga ku biro zitubwira ko abantu babaga biteguye kwakira ibitabo bahawe, bitewe n’uko bumvise disikuru z’umuvandimwe Rutherford kuri radiyo.” Umurimo Wacu w’Ubwami wavuze ko ibiganiro byanyuraga kuri radiyo hamwe n’umurimo wo kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu, bwari “uburyo bubiri bukomeye bwo kubwiriza umuteguro w’Umwami wakoreshaga.”

17, 18. Nubwo imimerere yahindutse, radiyo yakomeje gukoreshwa ite?

¹⁷ Mu myaka ya 1930, uburyo twakoreshaga tubwiriza dukoresheje radiyo z’ubucuruzi na bwo bwararwanyijwe. Ibyo byatumye mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1937, abagaragu ba Yehova bahuza n’iyo mimerere yari ihindutse. Baretse gukoresha radiyo z’ubucuruzi maze bibanda cyane ku murimo wo kubwiza ku nzu n’inzu. a Icyakora radiyo yakomeje kugira uruhare rw’ingenzi mu gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bw’Ubwami mu turere twitaruye tw’isi. Urugero, kuva mu mwaka wa 1951 kugeza mu wa 1991, radiyo yari muri Berlin y’Iburengerazuba mu Budage, yakomeje gutangaza disikuru zishingiye kuri Bibiliya, bituma abantu bari batuye mu cyitwaga u Budage bw’Iburasirazuba bashobora kumva ubutumwa bw’Ubwami. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1961, radiyo y’igihugu cya Suriname muri Amerika y’Epfo yamaze imyaka isaga 30 inyuzaho ikiganiro cy’iminota 15 cyatangazaga ukuri kwa Bibiliya buri cyumweru. Guhera mu mwaka wa 1969 kugeza mu wa 1977, umuteguro wateguye ibiganiro bisaga 350, byanyuraga kuri radiyo muri porogaramu yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ibyanditswe byose bifite akamaro.” Amaradiyo 291 yakoreraga muri leta 48 zo muri Amerika yatangazaga ibyo biganiro. Mu mwaka wa 1996, radiyo yo mu murwa mukuru w’igihugu cya Samowa wa Apia muri Pasifika y’Epfo, buri cyumweru yanyuzagaho porogaramu yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ibisubizo by’ibibazo wibaza kuri Bibiliya.”

¹⁸ Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 20, radiyo ntiyari igifite uruhare runini mu gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bwiza. Icyakora, hari irindi koranabuhanga ryatumye dushobora kugera ku bantu benshi kurusha mbere hose.

19, 20. Kuki abagaragu ba Yehova bashyizeho urubuga rwa jw.org, kandi se rwageze ku ki? (Reba agasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “ JW.ORG.”)

¹⁹ Interineti. Mu mwaka wa 2013, abantu barenga miriyari 2,7, ni ukuvuga hafi 40 ku ijana by’abatuye isi, bakoreshaga interineti. Bavuga ko abantu bagera kuri miriyari ebyiri bajyaga kuri interineti bakoresheje ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki, urugero nka telefoni cyangwa tabuleti. Umubare w’abakoresha interineti ukomeza kwiyongera hirya no hino ku isi, ariko muri Afurika umubare w’abantu bakoresha interineti yo muri telefoni ukomeza kwiyongera mu buryo bwihuse, ku buryo ubu hari ­abantu basaga miriyoni 90 bafite interineti muri telefoni. Ibyo byose byahinduye cyane uburyo abantu benshi babonamo amakuru.

 ²⁰ Guhera mu mwaka wa 1997, abagaragu ba Yehova batangiye gukoresha ubwo buryo bw’itumanaho bukoreshwa n’abantu benshi. Mu mwaka wa 2013, urubuga rwa jw.org rwari mu ndimi zigera kuri 300, kandi abantu bashoboraga kuvanaho amakuru ashingiye kuri Bibiliya mu ndimi zisaga 520. Buri munsi, abantu barenga 750.000 bajya kuri urwo rubuga. Uretse videwo abantu barebera kuri urwo rubuga, nanone buri kwezi bakuraho ibitabo bisaga miriyoni 3, amagazeti miriyoni 4 n’amafayili miriyoni 22 y’ibyafashwe amajwi.

21. Inkuru ya Sina yakwigishije iki?

²¹ Urwo rubuga rwa interineti rwabaye uburyo bufite imbaraga bwo gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami bw’Imana no mu bihugu umurimo wacu wo kubwiriza wabuzanyijwemo. Urugero, mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2013, umugabo witwa Sina yabonye urubuga rwa jw.org maze aterefona ku cyicaro gikuru kiri muri Amerika asaba ibindi bisobanuro ku byerekeye Bibiliya. Kuki ibyo byari ibintu bidasanzwe? Sina yakuriye mu Bisilamu kandi atuye mu mudugudu witaruye mu gihugu kirwanya bikomeye umurimo w’Abahamya ba Yehova. Sina amaze guterefona, hashyizweho gahunda kugira ngo ajye yigana Bibiliya n’Umuhamya wo muri Amerika incuro ebyiri mu cyumweru. Bigaga bakoresheje itumanaho rya interineti rikoresha videwo.

22, 23. (a) Ese uburyo twakoresheje kugira ngo tugere ku bantu benshi bwasimbuye umurimo wo kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu? (b) Ni mu buhe buryo Umwami yaduhaye imigisha mu mihati twashyiragaho?

²² Mu buryo bwose twakoresheje kugira ngo tugere ku bantu benshi, urugero nk’ibinyamakuru, filimi ivuga iby’irema, ibiganiro byanyuraga kuri radiyo n’urubuga rwacu rwa interineti, nta na bumwe bwabaga bugamije gusimbura umurimo wo kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu. Kubera iki? Ni ukubera ko abagaragu ba Yehova bakurikiza  urugero basigiwe na Yesu. Yakoze ibirenze kubwiriza imbaga y’abantu benshi. Yihatiraga gufasha abantu ku giti cyabo (Luka 19:1-5). Nanone Yesu yatoje abigishwa be kubigenza batyo kandi yabahaye ubutumwa bagomba gutangaza. (Soma muri Luka 10:1, 8-11.) Nk’uko twabibonye mu Gice cya 6, abari bayoboye umurimo buri gihe bashishikarizaga buri mugaragu wa Yehova kuvugana n’abantu imbonankubone.​—Ibyak 5:42; 20:20.

²³ Imyaka ijana nyuma y’aho Ubwami bwshyiriweho, hari ababwiriza barangwa n’ishyaka basaga miriyoni 7,9 bifatanya mu murimo wo kwigisha abandi imigambi y’Imana. Nta gushidikanya ko Umwami yaduhaye umugisha muri ubwo buryo bwose twakoresheje dutangaza Ubwami. Nk’uko igice gikurikira kizabigaragaza, nanone yaduhaye ibikoresho dukeneye kugira ngo dukwirakwize ubutumwa bwiza mu bantu bo mu mahanga yose, mu moko yose n’indimi zose.​—Ibyah 14:6.