1, 2. (a) Ndi njira ipi idaphatisira Yezu toera kulonga na mwinji? (b) Anyakupfundza akukhulupirika a Kristu atowezera tani citsandzo cace, na thangwi yanji?

MWINJI wagumanyikana mbuzungulira Yezu pa gombe ya bara, mbwenye iye apakira mwadiya mbausukhuma pang’ono m’madzi. Thangwi yanji? Iye akhadziwa kuti madzi mbadacitisa kuti fala yace ibveke kutali toera anthu onsene abve mwadidi mphangwa zace.—Lerini Marko 4:1, 2.

² M’makhumi a pyaka akukhazikiswa kwa Umambo, apostolo akukhulupirika a Kristu atowezera citsandzo cace, mu kuphatisira njira zipswa toera kumwaza mphangwa zadidi za Umambo kwa anthu azinji. Pantsi pa citsogolero ca Mambo, mbumba ya Mulungu isapitiriza kucita pinthu mwakubverana na kucinja kwa makhaliro na kuoneka kwa matekinolojiya mapswa. Tisafuna kumwazira mphangwa anthu azinji kumala mbakudzati kufika. (Mat. 24:14) Dingani njira zingasi zidaphatisira ife toera kulonga na anthu mwakukhonda tsalakana kunakhala iwo. Nyerezerani njira zakuti imwe munakwanisa kusangizira cikhulupiro ca ale adamwaza mphangwa zadidi mu ntsiku za Anyakupfundza Bhibhlya.

3. Ninji cidacitisa anyamalwa a undimomwene kuipirwa thangwi yakuphatisira kwathu matsamba a mphangwa?

³ Matsamba a mphangwa. M’bale Russell na andzace akhabulusa revista ya Ncenjezi kutomera caka 1879, yakuti yamwaza mphangwa za Umambo kuna anthu azinji. Mu pyaka khumi mbicidzati fika caka 1914, Kristu akhaoneka kuti akhatsogolera pinthu toera mphangwa zadidi zimwazwe kwa anthu azinji. Pyakucitika pyatoma mu caka 1903. Mu caka ceneci, Dr. E. L. Eaton, nkwati mphangwa wa nsoka wa atumiki a Protestante mu Pennsylvania, acedza na Charles Taze Russell thangwi ya pipfundziso pizinji pya m’Bhibhlya. Mu kupita kwa ndzidzi, Eaton alembera Russell kuti: “Ndanyerezera kucedza kwathu pya mibvundzo mingasi yakuti iwe na ine tisasiyana . . . mbidakhala yakufunika kakamwe kuna mbumba.” Russell na andzace atawirambo kuti mbidakhala yakufunika, natenepa, iwo acita masasanyiro kuti kucedza kweneku kulembwe mu tsamba ya mphangwa ya  The Pittsburgh Gazette. Misolo ya tsamba ya mphangwa ikhali yakudziwika kakamwe na kufokotozwa mwadidi kwa undimomwene wa Bhibhlya kudacita Russell, kwakulumiza kuti tsamba ilembwe nkhani zace masumana onsene. Kuthambaruka kweneku kwapingiza anyamalwa a undimomwene.

4, 5. Ndi n’khaliro upi udapangiza Russell, na ale ali na pidzo anatowezera tani citsandzo cace?

⁴ Mwakukhonda dembuka, matsamba a mphangwa mazinji akhafunika lembwa nkhani za Russell. Mu caka 1908, revista ya Ncenjezi yapereka lipoti kuti nkhani zikhalembwa “m’matsamba a mphangwa akukwana khumi na ibodzi ndzidzi onsene.” Natenepa, abale akhadziwa pya basa ya tsamba ya mphangwa alonga na Russell toera kucinja maofesi a Sosiedade kubuluka ku Pittsburgh toera kuenda ku nzinda wakudziwika mwadidi, wakuti matsamba mazinji a mphangwa mbadabvekesa misolo yakubuluswa m’Bhibhlya. Pakumala kudinga uphungu unoyu na pinthu pinango, Russell acinja maofesi kuenda ku Brooklyn, Nova York, mu caka 1909. Paoneka maphindu anji? Basi ene nthanda zingasi pakumala kucinja, matsamba a mphangwa 400 akhamwaza nkhani kwakuti ndzidzi onsene ndandanda ikhathimizirika. Mu kukhazikiswa kwa Umambo mu caka 1914, matsamba a mphangwa akupiringana 2.000 mu pilongero pinai akhamwaza nkhani za Russell.

⁵ Ndi pfundziro ipi yakufunika idapangizwa na kuthambaruka kweneko? Ale akuti ali na pidzo mu gulu ya Mulungu lero anacita mwadidi angatowezera kucepeseka kwa Russell. Mu njira ipi? Mu ndzidzi wakucita pisankhulo pyakufunika, dingani uphungu wa anango.—Lerini Misangani 15:22.

6. Undimomwene ukhamwazwa m’misolo ya tsamba ya mphangwa wakhuya tani munthu m’bodzi?

⁶ Undimomwene wa Umambo ukhalembwa m’misolo ineyi ya matsamba a mphangwa ukhacinja umaso wa anthu. (Aheb. 4:12) Mwacitsandzo, Ora Hetzel, adabatizwa mu caka 1917, akhali m’bodzi wa azinji akuti apfundza undimomwene kubulukira mu m’misolo ineyi. Ora alonga: “Pidamala ine kumanga banja, ndaenda kaona mama ku Rochester, Minnesota. Pidafika ine, ndagumana mama akhagwanda misolo ya mu tsamba ya mphangwa. Zikhali nkhani za Russell. Mama alonga pidapfundza iye m’misolo ineyi.” Ora atawira undimomwene udapfundza iye, na mu pyaka makumatanthatu akhala m’mwazi mphangwa wakukhulupirika wa Umambo wa Mulungu.

7. Thangwi yanji ale akhatsogolera anyerezera kusiya kuphatisira matsamba a mphangwa?

⁷ Mu caka 1916, pyakucitika piwiri pyacitisa ale akhatsogolera toera kudinga kuphatisirwa kwa matsamba a mphangwa toera kumwaza mphangwa zadidi. Cakutoma, Nkhondo Ikulu idacitika pa ndzidzi unoyu yacitisa kunentsa kugumana mitcini yakudhinda. Mu caka 1916, lipoti idabuluka ku departamentu yathu ya tsamba ya mphangwa ku Britanya yafokotoza cinentso ceneci, mu kulonga: “Basi ene matsamba akupiringana 30 akhamwaza Nkhani pa ndzidzi unoyu. Pikhaoneka kuti numero mbidacepa  mwakucimbiza thangwi yakukula kwa ntengo wa tsamba.” Cakucitika caciwiri cikhali kufa kwa M’bale Russell pa ntsiku 31 ya Malandalupya ya 1916. Natenepa, revista ya Ncenjezi ya 15 ya Maindza ya 1916, yadziwisa: “Cincino M’bale Russell alowa, nkhani [m’matsamba a mphangwa] nkhabe pitirizabve.” Maseze njira ineyi yakumwaza mphangwa yamala, njira zinango, ninga “Fotodrama da Criação,” yapitiriza kuphatisirwa kakamwe.

8. Pikhaphatanizanji kucita “Fotodrama da Criação”?

⁸ Kuoneswa kwa pithundzithundzi. Russell na andzace aphata basa pyaka pitatu toera kucita “Fotodrama da Criação,” yakuti yabuluswa mu caka 1914. (Mis. 21:5) Ikhacemerwa Drama thangwi ikhapangiza mwakubverana pithundzithundzi, dzumbi yakugravarwi na pipangizo pya mafoto akubalika. Madzana a anthu acita nkhundu mu kuyesera makhundu a Bhibhlya akhapangizwa mu drama, ngakhale pinyama pikhapangizwambo. Yalonga lipoti ya caka 1913, kuti: “Khundu ikulu ya mwinji wa  anthu a mbuto ikulu yakukoyera pinyama, akhacemerwa toera kucita pithundzithundzi pyakufamba pinalonga pya mbiri ya Nowa.” Madzana a pithundzithundzi akhaphatisirwa akhacitwa na kupintarwi na manja, na abale a ku London, Nova York, Paris, na Filadelfiya.

9. Thangwi yanji pikhaphemba ndzidzi uzinji na kobiri toera kucita “Fotodrama”?

⁹ Thangwi yanji ndzidzi uzinji na kobiri ikhaphatisirwa toera kucita “Fotodrama”? Maonero adaperekwa mu caka 1913 pa misonkhano ya gawo yakusiyana-siyana afokotoza: “Kuthambaruka kwa matsamba a mphangwa a anthu a ku Amerika mu kugumanyisa pakweca maonero mu kuthimizira pinthu pyakukomesera, pabodzi na mwinji wa anthu akubalika, na maluso akufambisa pithundzithundzi pikhapangiza mwadidi kuthema kwawo, pontho, tisakhulupira mwakukwana kuti pyenepi pisatipangiza ninga amwazi mphangwa akuthambaruka, pontho ninga nsoka wa apfundzisi a Bhibhlya, mu kufambisa pithundzithundzi ninga njira yadidi kwa amwazi mphangwa na apfundzisi.”

10. Kodi “Fotodrama” yapangizwa mpaka kupi?

¹⁰ Mu caka 1914, “Fotodrama” yapangizwa m’mizinda 80 pa ntsiku ibodzi. Anthu akupiringana mamiliyau masere aona “Fotodrama” mu Estados Unidos na Kanada. Caka cibodzi cene, “Fotodrama” yapangizwa mu Alemanya, Australya, Britanya, Dinamarka, Finlandya, Nova Zelandya, Noruega, Suesiya, na Suisa. Fotodrama yacigwagwa yakuti nee ikhaphataniza pithundzithundzi pyakufamba, yacitwa toera kuphatisirwa m’mizinda ming’ono. Cipangizo ceneci ca “Drama ya Eureka” ikhaphemba kobiri yakucepa toera kuicita na ikhali yakukhonda nentsa kukwata. Mu caka 1916, “Fotodrama” peno “Drama ya Eureka” yathumburuzwa mu Ciarmenya, Cidano-Norwega, Cifransa, Cialemanya, Cigrego, Ciitaliya, Cipolineza, Cispanyola, na Cisueka.

11, 12. “Fotodrama” yakhuya tani mphale m’bodzi, na ndi citsandzo cipi cidakhazikisa iye?

¹¹ “Fotodrama” idathumburuzwa mu Cifransa yakhuya kakamwe Charles Rohner wa pyaka 18 pyakubalwa. Iye alonga. “Fotodrama’ yapangizwa mu nzinda wathu—Colmar, Alsace, Fransa. Pakutoma kwene kwa drama, ndakhuiwa na kupangizwa mwadidi kwa undimomwene wa Bhibhlya.”

¹² Ninga maphindu, Charles abatizwa, pontho mu caka 1922 apita m’basa ya ndzidzi onsene. Basa yace ibodzi ikhali kuphedza kupangiza kwa “Fotodrama” kwa anthu mu Fransa. Mu kufokotoza basa yace, Charles alonga: “Ndapaswa mabasa mazinji, kuliza viyola, ntumiki wakutsalakana kobiri, na ntumiki wakutsalakana mabukhu. Ndikhaphembwambo toera kupanga anyakubvesera kuti akhonde kucita dzumbi programu mbidzati kutoma. Mu ndzidzi wakupuma, tikhagawira mabukhu. Tikhaphemba m’bale m’bodzi peno mulongo toera kukhala kukhundu ibodzi ya Nyumba ya Umambo. M’bodzi na m’bodzi akhali na ntsama ya mabukhu na akhagawira anthu onsene akhapita na khundu ineyi. Mwakuthimizira, pansuwo wa Nyumba ya Umambo, pakhali  meza zakudzala na mabukhu.” Mu caka 1925, Charles acemerwa toera kutumikira ku Beteli ku Brooklyn, Nova York. Iye apaswa basa yakutsogolera nsoka wakuimba nyimbo toera kupangiza mu radyo ipswa idakhazikiswa ya WBBR. Pakumala kudinga citsandzo ca M’bale Rohner, tinakwanisa kubvundzika, ‘Ndiri dzololo toera kutawira basa yonsene inapaswa ine toera kuphedza kumwaza mphangwa za Umambo?’—Lerini Izaiya 6:8.

13, 14. Radyo ikhaphatisirwa tani toera kumwaza mphangwa? (Onanimbo mabokosi “ Maprogramu pa WBBR” na “ Nsonkhano wa Gawo Wakupambulika.”)

¹³ Radyo. Mu pyaka 1920, basa ya “Fotodrama” yatoma kuthowa, mbwenye radyo yaoniwa ninga njira yadidi toera kumwaza mphangwa zadidi za Umambo. Ntsiku 16 ya Bwinja ya 1922, M’bale Rutherford acita nkhani yace yakutoma pa radyo ku Metropolitan Opera House ku Filadelfiya, Pennsylvania. Cifupi na anthu akukwana 50.000 abvesera nkhani yakuti “Pikwi na Pikwi Pya Anthu Ali Maso Cincino Cipo Anadzafa.” Buluka penepo, mu caka 1923, kwacitwa nkhani za nsonkhano wa gawo paulendo wakutoma pa radyo. Mwakuthimizira, kusiyapo kuphatisira maradyo amalonda, ale akhatsogolera atonga kuti mbapidakhala pyandzeru kuna ife kumanga nyumba yathu ya mphepo ku Staten Island, Nova York, na yapaswa dzina ya WBBR. Ntsiku 24 ya Madzalo ya caka 1924, radyo yatoma kuphata basa.

¹⁴ Mu kufokotoza cifuniro ca radyo ya WBBR, revista ya Ncenjezi ya 1 ya Maindza ya caka 1924, yalonga: “Tisakhulupira kuti radyo ndi njira yadidi na yakukhonda nentsa toera kumwaza mphangwa za undimomwene.” Iyo yathimiza kuti: “Mbuya angaona kuti mphyakuthema kumanga nyumba za mphepo zinango toera kumwaza mphangwa za undimomwene, iye anapereka kobiri mu njira yace yakuthema.” (Sal. 127:1) Mu 1926, mbumba ya Yahova ikhali na nyumba za mphepo zitanthatu. Ziwiri zikhagumanika ku Estados Unidos—WBBR mu Nova York na WORD cifupi na Cikago. Zinango zinai zikhagumanika mu Kanada, ku Alberta, Britanya, Kolumbya, Ontario, na Saskatchewan.

15, 16. (a) Ntsogoleri wa uphemberi ku Kanada alonganji thangwi ya nyumba zathu za mphepo? (b) Kodi nkhani za pa radyo na basa ya nyumba na nyumba pikhabverana tani?

¹⁵ Njira ineyi ikulu yakumwaza undimomwene wa Bhibhlya ikhali yakudziwika kwa atsogoleri auphemberi a Cikristu Caunthawatawa. Albert Hoffman, wakuti akhadziwa basa ikhacitwa n’nyumba ya mphepo ku Saskatchewan, Kanada, alonga: “Anthu azinji atoma kudziwa Anyakupfundza Bhibhlya [ninga Mboni za Yahova akhacemerwa tenepa mu ndzidzi unoyu]. Umboni wakudzumisa waperekwa mpaka caka 1928, mu ndzidzi wakuti atsogoleri auphemberi akakamiza atsogoleri a dziko na Anyakupfundza Bhibhlya aluza maphaso awo a nyumba zonsene za mphepo ku Kanada.”

¹⁶ Mwakukhonda tsalakana kufungwa kwa nyumba za mphepo ku Kanada, nkhani za Bhibhlya zikhapitiriza kubvekeswa n’nyumba za mphepo zamalonda. (Mat. 10:23) Toera kuthimizira maphindu a maprogramu anewa, revista ya Ncenjezi na Despertai!  akhali na ndandanda wa nyumba za mphepo za malonda zakuti zikhamwaza undimomwene wa Bhibhlya. Natenepa, amwazi mphangwa a nyumba na nyumba mbadawangisa anthu toera kubvesera nkhani m’maradyo awo. Na maphindu api? Bulletin (Cincino Utumiki Wathu Wa Umambo) wa Thongwe wa 1931 walonga: “Basa ya radyo yawangisa abale toera kumwaza mphangwa nyumba na nyumba. Malipoti mazinji akhabuluka ku ofesi mbatipanga kuti anthu asabvesera radyo, thangwi yakubva nkhani zakucitwa na M’bale Rutherford, iwo akhali dzololo toera kutambira mabukhu akhagawirwa iwo. Bulletin yafokotoza nkhani za pa radyo na basa ya nyumba na nyumba ninga “njira ziwiri zikulu za gulu ya Mbuya.”

17, 18. Maseze makhaliro acinja, kodi radyo ikhapitiriza tani kukhala yakufunika?

¹⁷ Mu pyaka 1930, tatcingwa thangwi yakuphatisira kwathu nyumba za mphepo zamalonda. Kunkhomo kwa caka 1937, mbumba ya Yahova yanyerezera kucinja. Iwo asiya kuphatisira nyumba za mphepo zamalonda mbaikha manyerezero ku utumiki wa nyumba na nyumba. * Ngakhale tenepa, radyo ikhapitiriza kucita khundu yakufunika mu kumwaza mphangwa za Umambo mu pisa pinango pyakutali na mizinda pyakuti nee pikhali pya ndale. Mwacitsandzo, kutomera caka 1951 mpaka 1991, nyumba ya mphepo Kumadokero a dzuwa a Berlin, Alemanya, ndzidzi onsene ikhamwaza nkhani za Bhibhlya, natenepa ale akakhala m’mbuto za mabulukiro a dzuwa a Alemanya mbadabvesera mphangwa za Umambo. Kutomera caka 1961 na kupiringana makhumi matatu a pyaka mpaka ntsogolo, nyumba ya mphepo ya ku Suriname, Amerika Wakubangwe, ikhamwaza undimomwene wa Bhibhlya masumana onsene m’mphindi 15. Kutomera caka 1969 mpaka 1977, gulu yagravari maprogramu a pa radyo akupiringana 350 a makhundu a “Toda a Escritura é Proveitosa.” M’mizinda 48 ya Estados Unidos, nyumba za mphepo 291 zikhacita maprogramu anewa. Mu caka 1996, nyumba ya mphepo ku Apia, nzinda ukulu wa Pasifiko Wakubangwe wa Samowa, ikhapangiza masumana onsene programu yakuti “Kutawira Mibvundzo Yanu ya M’Bhibhlya.”

¹⁸ Mu ndzidzi wakuti pyaka madzana 20 pikhafika kunkhomo, radyo nee ikhacitabve khundu ikulu mu kumwaza mphangwa zadidi. Natenepa, kwaoneka njira inango yakuti isaphedza toera kumwazira mphangwa anthu azinji.

19, 20. Thangwi yanji mbumba ya Yahova yasasanya jw.org, na isakhala na maphindu api? (Onanimbo bokosi “ JW.ORG.”)

¹⁹ Interneti. Mu caka 2013, anthu akupiringana mabiliyau 2,7, cifupi na mapurusento 40 a anthu a dziko akhaphatisira Interneti. Mwakubverana na maonero a anthu anango, mabiliyau mawiri asaphatisira Interneti mitokodzi ya m’manja na tablets. Njira ineyi yamwazika pa dziko yonsene yapantsi, mbwenye kukula mwakucimbiza kwa kuphatisira Interneti m’mitokodzi ya m’manja pisacitika mu Afrika, kwakuti anthu akupiringana  mamiliyau 90 asaphatisira Interneti m’mitokodzi. Kuthambaruka kweneku kwacinja kakamwe njira inatambirira anthu mphangwa.

²⁰ Kutomera caka 1997, mbumba ya Yahova yasankhula njira ineyi yakutumizira mphangwa anthu azinji. Mu caka 2013, Web site jw.org yagumanika mu pilongero 300, na mphangwa zakubuluswa m’Bhibhlya zagumanika toera kopyari mu pilongero pyakupiringana 520. Ntsiku zonsene, anthu akupiringana 750.000 asapita mu Site. Nthanda zonsene, kusiyapo kuona mavidyu, anthu asakopyari mabukhu akupiringana mamiliyau 3, mamiliyau 4 a marevista na mamiliyau 22 a matratado akugravarwi.

21. Musapfundzanji kubulukira ku cakugumana naco ca Sina?

²¹ Web site yadzakhala njira yamphambvu yakumwaza mphangwa zadidi za Umambo wa Mulungu, ngakhale m’madziko akuti basa yathu isakhondeswa. Mwacitsandzo, kutoma kwa caka 2013, mamuna anacemerwa Sina agumana site jw.org mbamenyera ntokodzi ofesi ikulu, yakuti isagumanika ku Estados Unidos, aphemba toera kudziwa pizinji thangwi ya Bhibhlya. Ninji cidancitisa toera kumenya ntokodzi? Sina abuluka ku banja ya Musulumano na asakhala cisa cakutali mu dziko yakuti basa ya Mboni za Yahova isakhondeswa kakamwe. Ninga maphindu akumenya kwace ntokodzi, kwacitwa masasanyiro toera Sina apfundze Bhibhlya kawiri pa sumana na Mboni mu Estados Unidos. Pfundziro ikhacitwa mu kuphatisira vidyu ya mu Interneti.

22, 23. (a) Kodi njira zakumwazira mphangwa anthu azinji zapitira mbuto utumiki wa nyumba na nyumba? (b) Mambo asapasa tani nkhombo kuwangisira kwathu?

²² Nee njira ibodzi idaphatisira ife toera kumwazira mphangwa anthu azinji, ninga matsamba a mphangwa, “Fotodrama,” maprogramu a pa radyo, na Web site, yapitira mbuto utumiki wa  nyumba na nyumba. Thangwi yanji? Thangwi mbumba ya Yahova isapfundza kubulukira ku citsandzo cidakhazikisa Yezu. Iye acita pizinji kusiyapo kumwazira mphangwa mwinji ukulu, iye aikha manyerezero ace toera kuphedza m’bodzi na m’bodzi. (Luka 19:1-5) Yezu apfundzisambo anyakupfundzace toera kucita pibodzi pyene, pontho aapasa mphangwa toera kumwaza. (Lerini Luka 10:1, 8-11.) Ninga pidadingwa mu Nsolo 6, ndzidzi onsene ale anatsogolera asawangisa atumiki onsene a Yahova toera kulonga na anthu nkhope na nkhope.—Mach. 5:42; 20:20.

²³ Pyaka dzana ibodzi pakumala kukhazikiswa Umambo, amwazi mphangwa aphinga akupiringana mamiliyau 7.9 acita khundu m’basa yakupfundzisa anango pya cifuniro ca Mulungu. Mwakhonda penula, Mambo asapasa nkhombo njira zinaphatisira ife toera kudziwisa Umambo. Ninga pinafuna kudzapangizwa mu nsolo unatowerera, iye asatipasambo maferamentu anafuna ife toera kumwaza mphangwa zadidi kwa madzindza onsene, mitundu yonsene, na pilongero pyonsene.—Apok. 14:6.