Yesu yari yabwiye abantu bari bamuteze amatwi i Pereya ko hari ‘benshi bari aba mbere bazaba aba nyuma, n’abari aba nyuma bazaba aba mbere’ (Matayo 19:30). Ibyo yabisobanuye neza akoresheje umugani w’abakozi bakoraga mu ruzabibu.

Yaravuze ati “Ubwami bwo mu ijuru bugereranywa n’umuntu ufite uruzabibu, wazindutse kare mu gitondo akajya gushaka abo gukora mu ruzabibu rwe. Amaze kwemeranya n’abakozi idenariyo imwe ku munsi, abohereza mu ruzabibu rwe. Yongera gusohoka ahagana ku isaha ya gatatu, abona abandi bahagaze ku isoko nta cyo bakora. Na bo arababwira ati ‘namwe nimujye mu ruzabibu, kandi ndabaha ibikwiriye.’ Nuko baragenda. Yongeye gusohoka ahagana ku isaha ya gatandatu no ku isaha ya cyenda, na bwo abigenza atyo. Amaherezo, ahagana ku isaha ya cumi n’imwe arasohoka abona abandi bahagaze, arababwira ati ‘kuki mwiriwe muhagaze aha nta cyo mukora?’ Baramusubiza bati ‘ni uko nta waduhaye akazi.’ Arababwira ati ‘namwe nimujye mu ruzabibu.’ ”​—Matayo 20:1-7.

Birashoboka ko abari bateze amatwi Yesu iyo bumvaga avuze ngo “Ubwami bwo mu ijuru” na “nyir’urugo” bahitaga batekereza Yehova Imana. Ibyanditswe bigaragaza ko Yehova ari we nyir’uruzabibu, rugereranya ishyanga rya Isirayeli (Zaburi 80:8, 9; Yesaya 5:3, 4). Abari mu isezerano ry’Amategeko bagereranywa n’abakozi boherejwe mu ruzabibu. Icyakora Yesu ntiyarimo avuga ibintu byahise. Ahubwo yarimo avuga ibintu byariho mu gihe cye.

Abayobozi b’idini, urugero nk’Abafarisayo bari baherutse kumugerageza ku bihereranye no gutana kw’abashakanye, bafatwaga nk’abakoraga umurimo w’Imana buri gihe bashyizeho umwete. Bameze nka ba bakozi bakoze umunsi wose bari biteze guhabwa igihembo cyuzuye, ni ukuvuga idenariyo imwe ku munsi.

Abatambyi n’abandi bantu bakoranaga na bo, batekerezaga ko abandi Bayahudi basanzwe bakoreraga Imana mu rugero ruciriritse, mbese ko bari bameze nk’abakozi batakoze umunsi wose mu ruzabibu rw’Imana. Mu mugani wa Yesu, abo bantu ni abahawe akazi “nko ku isaha ya gatatu” (saa tatu za mu gitondo) cyangwa nyuma yaho nko ku isaha ya gatandatu, ku ya cyenda n’abagahawe ku isaha ya cumi n’imwe (saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba).

Abagabo n’abagore bemeye gukurikira Yesu babonwaga nk’ “abantu bavumwe” (Yohana 7:49). Ubuzima bwabo hafi ya bwose bari barabumaze ari abarobyi cyangwa bakora akandi kazi. Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 29, “nyir’uruzabibu” yohereje Yesu ngo ajye guhamagara abo bantu boroheje kugira ngo bakorere Imana ari abigishwa ba Kristo. Abo ni “aba nyuma,” ba bandi Yesu yavuze baje gukora mu ruzabibu ku isaha ya 11.

Yesu yashoje umugani we avuga uko byagenze igihe bwari bugorobye, akazi karangiye. Yaravuze ati “bugorobye, nyir’uruzabibu abwira uwamukoresherezaga ati ‘hamagara abakozi ubahe ibihembo byabo, uhere ku baje nyuma uheruke abaje mbere.’ Abatangiye ku isaha ya cumi n’imwe baje, buri wese ahabwa idenariyo imwe. Nuko abatangiye mbere baje, bibwira ko bari burengerezweho, ariko na bo bahabwa idenariyo imwe. Bayihawe batangira kwitotombera nyir’urugo, baravuga bati ‘aba baje nyuma bakoze isaha imwe, none ubanganyije natwe kandi twirije umunsi wose tugoka, izuba ritumena agahanga!’ Ariko asubiza umwe muri bo ati ‘mugenzi wanjye, nta cyo nkurenganyijeho. Ntuzi ko twemeranyijwe idenariyo imwe? Fata ibyawe wigendere. Jye nshatse guha n’uwaje nyuma ibingana n’ibyo nguhaye. Mbese simfite uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ibintu byanjye icyo nshaka? Cyangwa utewe ishyari n’uko ngize ubuntu?’ Uko ni ko aba nyuma bazaba aba mbere, n’aba mbere bakaba aba nyuma.”​—Matayo 20:8-​16.

Abigishwa bashobora kuba baribazaga iby’ayo  magambo yashoje uwo mugani wa Yesu. Ni mu buhe buryo abayobozi b’idini ry’Abayahudi bibwiraga ko ari “aba mbere,” bari kuba aba “nyuma”? None se abigishwa ba Yesu bo bari kuba aba “mbere” bate?

Abigishwa ba Yesu, abo Abafarisayo babonaga ko ari aba “nyuma,” bari kuba aba “mbere,” bagahabwa igihembo cyuzuye. Urupfu rwa Yesu rwari gutuma Yerusalemu yo ku isi irimbuka, hanyuma Imana igatoranya ishyanga rishya ari ryo “Isirayeli y’Imana” (Abagalatiya 6:16; Matayo 23:38). Abo ni bo Yohana Umubatiza yavugaga, igihe yavugaga ko hari abari kuzabatirishwa umwuka wera. Abo bantu bari aba “nyuma” ni bo bari kuba aba mbere kubatizwa uwo mubatizo kandi bagahabwa umurimo uhebuje wo kuba abahamya ba Yesu “kugera mu turere twa kure cyane tw’isi” (Ibyakozwe 1:5, 8; Matayo 3:11). Abigishwa bamaze gusobanukirwa iby’iryo hinduka rikomeye Yesu yavugaga, bashobora kuba barabonye ukuntu bari kuzangwa cyane n’abayobozi b’idini babaye aba “nyuma.”