Bena Asmona ne bumpianyi buabu

PAVUA Yezu pa buloba, buena-Yuda buvua butapuluke mu bitupa bitupa, bionso bivua bikeba kulombola bantu. Ke tshidibu baleja mu Evanjeliyo ne mu mikanda ya Josèphe mufundi wa malu a kale, muena Yuda wa mu bidimu lukama bia kumpala.

Munkatshi muabu Bafalese ne Basadoke ke badi bamueneka bikale ne dîyi dia kuamba, bikale ne bukole bua kusaka bantu ku bualu kampanda, bakabafikisha too ne ku dibenga ne: Yezu kavua Masiya to. (Matayo 15:1, 2; 16:1; Yone 11:47, 48; 12:42, 43) Kadi, ki mbakule bua bisumbu bibidi binene ebi muaba nansha umue mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu to.

Tshia kumpala Josèphe udi utela Basadoke ne Bafalese mu malu akenzeka mu lukama luibidi lua bidimu K.B.B. Mu tshikondo atshi bena Yuda ba bungi bavua balonda Buena-Gelika, mbuena kuamba ne: bilele ne nkindi bia bena Gelika. Dikokangana pankatshi pa Buena-Gelika ne Buena-Yuda diakakola dîba divua balombodi ba bena Gelika banyange ntempelo wa mu Yelushalema, buobu kumulambula nzambi Zewuse. Yudase Makabeye (tshilobo tshinene tshia bena Yuda) wa mu dîku divuabu babikila ne: bena Asmona ke wakalombola tshiluilu tshia mvita tshiakanyenga ntempelo ku bianza bia bena Gelika. *

Mu bidimu biakalonda mvita ne ditshimuna bia bena Makabeye, bantu bakatuadija kuenza tusumbu tuvua tutembangana ku malongesha atu, kasumbu konso katembangana ne tukuabu bua kumona mua kukoka bena Yuda ba bungi. Kadi bua tshinyi lungenyi elu luakatangalaka nunku? Bua tshinyi Buena-Yuda buakatapuluka bikole mushindu’eu? Bua kuandamuna nkonko eyi, tukonkononayi muyuki wa bena Asmona.

Budikadidi ne ditapulukangana bidi bivula

Kunyima kua Yudase Makabeye mumane kukumbaja tshipatshila tshiende tshia kupingajilula ntendelelu mu ntempelo wa Yehowa, wakaditua mu malu a tshididi. Ke bua tshinyi bena Yuda ba bungi bakalekela dimulonda. Nansha nanku, wakatungunuka ne kuluisha bamfumu bena Gelika, kudiaye tshipungidi ne ditunga dia Lomo, ne kukebaye bua kuenzela bena Yuda Mbulamatadi mudikadile. Kunyima kua lufu lua Yudase mu mvita, bana babu ba balume Yonatane ne Simone bakatungunuka ne kuluangana mvita ayi. Kumpala bamfumu bena Gelika bakanji kubenga lungenyi luvua nalu bena Makabeye ne muoyo mujima. Kadi ku ndekelu bamfumu abu bakitaba bua kushintulula tshididi tshiabu, kuanyishilabu bena Asmona bua bapete ndambu wa budikadidi.

Nansha muvua bena Asmona bafumine mu dîku dia bakuidi, muena Asmona nansha umue kavuaku muanji kuikala muakuidi munene to. Bena Yuda ba bungi bavua bamba ne: mudimu eu bavua ne bua kuwenza kudi bakuidi ba mu ndelanganyi ya Sadoka, uvua Solomo muteke muakuidi munene. (1 Bakelenge 2:35; Yehezekele 43:19)  Yonatane wakasungula mvita ne diumvuangana bua kusaka bamfumu bena Gelika bua kumutekabu muakuidi munene. Kadi kunyima kua lufu lua Yonatane, tutuende Simone wakenza malu mapite ende. Mu ngondo wa tshitema mu 140 K.B.B., bakela mukenji munene mu Yelushalema, mufunda pa malata a tshiamu tshia bronze mu mfundilu wa tshiena-Gelika ne: “Mfumu Demetriyuse [mukokeshi muena Gelika] kuteka [Simone] muakuidi munene, kumutekaye mu mulongo wa balunda bende, kumupesha lumu luvule . . . Bena Yuda ne bakuidi babo [bavua] banyishe bua Simone ashale mfumuabo ne muakuidi munene too ne pafika muambi wa [Nzambi] mujalame.”​—1 Makabeye 14:38-41, MMM (umue wa ku mikanda kayiyi mianyisha ya miyuki ya malu a kale a bena Yuda).

Muanzu uvua nawu Simone wa mukokeshi ne muakuidi munene (buende yeye ne bua ndelanganyi yende) bavua bawitaba mpindieu ki ng’anu kudi bukokeshi bua kua bende bua bena Gelika to, kadi ne kudi “Tshipangu Tshinene” tshia bena mu tshisamba tshiabu. Edi divua dishintuluka dinene. Anu muakaleja Mufundi wa malu a kale Emil Schürer, diakamue pakajadika bena Asmona mulongo wa bamfumu babu ba tshididi, “tshipatshila tshiabu tshinene katshivua kabidi tshia kukumbaja Torah [anyi Mikenji ya bena Yuda] to, kadi tshivua tshia kulama ne kutangalaja bumfumu buabu bua tshididi.” Bu muvuaye kayi musue bua kubungamija bena Yuda, Simone wakangata muanzu wa “mulombodi wa bantu” pamutu pa wa “mukalenge.”

Ki mbantu bonso bavua basue bua muvua bena Asmona badiangatshile mudimu wa kulombola mu ntendelelu ne mu tshididi to. Bilondeshile bamanyi ba bungi, mu tshikondo etshi ke muakatuadija bantu kuasa mu musoko wa Qumrân. Muakuidi wa mu ndelanganyi ya Sadoke, uvuabu bamba ne: yeye ke “Mulongeshi wa Buakane” uvuabu batele mu mikanda ya mu Qumrâm, wakumbuka mu Yelushalema ne kuluaye mulombodi wa tshisumbu tshia bena mvita bantomboji bakaya mu Tshipela tshia Yudaya pabuipi ne Mbuu Mufue. Umue wa ku Mivungu ya ku Mbuu Mufue (mumvuija a mukanda wa Habakuka) udi upisha “Muakuidi Mubi uvuabu binyike kumpala ne: bulelela, kadi pakabangaye kukokesha Isalele mutshima wende kuluawu ne lutambishi.” Bamanyi ba bungi badi bamba ne: malu avuabu bumvuija bua “Muakuidi Mubi” au avua mua kuikala makumbanyine Yonatane anyi Simone.

Simone wakatungunuka ne kuluangana mvita bua kudiundisha tshitupa tshia buloba tshivuaye ukokesha. Kadi bukokeshi buende buakajika mu tshimpitshimpi pavua Petolomeye bayende wa muanende mumushipe yeyene bana bende ba balume babidi pavuabu mu difesto pabuipi ne Yeleko. Kadi tshipatshila tshia Petolomeye tshia kuangata bukokeshi katshiakakumbana to. Bakadimuija Yowanese (Hyrcan), muana wa Simone uvua mushale ne muoyo, bua se: bavua bakeba kumushipa. Wakakuata bantu bavua bakeba kumushipa abu ne kuangataye bumfumu ne buakuidi pa muaba wa tatuende.

Didiunda dia tshitupa tshidiye ukokesha ne dikengesha bantu

Kumpala, biluilu bia bena Sulia biakela Yowanese (Hyrcan) mvita mikole ya dikema, kadi bakatshimuna mulongo wa bakokeshi ba bena Gelika mu mvita mikole yakaluanganabu ne bena Pâtia mu 129 K.B.B. Mumanyi Menahem Stern wakafunda bua kuleja tshivua mvita eyi mienzele bena Gelika ne: “Bukalenge bujima buakapona.” Nenku Hyrcan “wakapeta mushindu wa kupingajila Yudaya budikadidi buonso bua mu malu a tshididi ne kutuadijaye kudiundisha tshitupa tshivuaye ukokesha ku nseke ne ku nseke.” Wakatshidiundisha bulelela.

Mpindieu bu muvuaku kakutshiyi buluishi bua bena Sulia, Hyrcan wakatuadija kunyenga bimenga bivua dinsambu dia mikalu ya Yudaya, bua bilue ku bukokeshi buende. Bantu ba mu bimenga ebi bavua ne bua kuitaba Buena-Yuda, tshianana bimenga biabu bivua ne bua kubutuka. Wakela bena Edome mvita ya mushindu’eu. Menahem Stern wakamba ne: “Dishintuluka dia bena Edome divua dia wadi mushindu, bualu divua dia bantu bonso pamutu pa kuikaladi dia bantu bakese.” Ku bimenga bivua Hyrcan munyenge kuvua kabidi Samalia, kubutulaye ntempelo wa bena Samalia uvua ku mukuna wa Gelizima. Mufundi wa malu a kale Solomon Grayzel wakumvuija bubi bua tshididi etshi tshia bakokeshi ba mu mulongo wa bena Asmona tshia kukudimuisha bantu mitshima ku bukole, wamba ne: “Mpindieu muikulu wa Matatiya [tatuende wa Yuda Makabeye] uvua ushipa mukenji munene (wa budikadidi bua ntendelelu) uvua bena mu tshipungu tshishale baluile mvita bikole.”

 Bafalese ne Basadoke badi bapatuka

Pavua Josèphe ufunda bua bukokeshi bua Hyrcan ke pakakulaye musangu wa kumpala bua bukole buvua buenda buvula buvua nabu Bafalese ne Basadoke. (Josèphe wakakula bua Bafalese bavuaku mu tshikondo tshia bukokeshi bua Yonatane.) Kêna ulonda bua ntuadijilu wabu to. Bamue bamanyi batu babamona bu tshisumbu tshitu tshifumine kudi ba-Hassidim, kasumbu ka batshinyi ba Nzambi bakakuatshisha Yudase Makabeye mu bipatshila biende bia malu a ntendelelu, kadi bakalua kumulekela pakabuelaye mu tshididi.

Nansha mudi bamue bamona dîna dia Bafalese dipetangana ne muaku wa “bumvuiji,” didi nangananga dipetangana ne muaku wa tshiena-Ebelu udi umvuija ne: “bantu batapuluke.” Bafalese bavua bamanyi ba mikanda bavua anu bu bantu bonso, kabayi bafumine mu mêku kampanda a pa buawu. Ku nkindi yabu ivua ilongesha bua kuikala ne lulamatu lua pa bualu, bakaditapulula pa kudifundila ngenzelu ya malu bua kudivuija bakane, balonda mikenji ya ku ntempelo ivua itangila bunsantu bua bakuidi too ne mu tualu tua tshianana tua ku dituku dionso. Bafalese bakapatula mushindu mupiamupia wa kumvuija Mifundu ne dilongesha diakaluabu kubikila ne: mikenji ya mukana. Mu tshikondo tshia bukokeshi bua Simone, bakalua ne bukole bua bungi pakabuela bamue ba kudibu mu Gérousia (tshipangu tshia bakulu), wakaluabu kubikila ne: Sanedren.

Josèphe udi wamba ne: Yowanese Hyrcan uvua mulongi ne mulondi wa Bafalese. Kadi dituku dikuabu, Bafalese bakamukanyina bu muvuaye kayi musue kulekela mudimu wa muakuidi munene to. Muanda eu wakakeba ditapulukangana dia dikema. Hyrcan wakela mikenji ivua ikandika mikandu ya mu ntendelelu wa Bafalese patoke. Bua kubanyoka kabidi, wakalamata ku luseke lua Basadoke, bavua baluishi ba Bafalese.

Dîna dia Basadoke didi mua kuikala difumine ku Muakuidi Munene Sadoka, muena ndelanganyi ivua mienze mudimu wa buakuidi katshia ku tshikondo tshia Solomo. Kadi, Basadoke bonso kabavua ba mu ndelanganyi eyi to. Bilondeshile Josèphe, Basadoke bavua bantu banene ne babanji ba mu ditunga, ne bantu ba bungi kabavua babalonda to. Mulongeshi wa mu iniversite Schiffman udi wamba ne: “Ba bungi ba kudibu . . . bavua bamueneka bikale bakuidi anyi bavua baselangane mu mêku a bakuidi banene.” Ke bualu kayi bavua balamatangane bikole ne bantu bavua bakokesha katshia kuonso aku. Bantu bavua bangata mudimu uvua nawu Bafalese mu nsombelu wa bantu ne lungenyi luabu lua kubueja bilele bia bakuidi bia kudivuija bakane too ne munkatshi mua bantu bonsobu bualu bubi buvua mua kunyanga bukokeshi bupesha Basadoke. Mpindieu, mu bidimu bia ndekelu bia bukokeshi bua Hyrcan, Basadoke bakalua kupeta kabidi bukole.

Malu a tshididi a bungi, ditshina dia Nzambi dikese

Aristobule, muana wa kumpala wa Hyrcan, wakakokesha tshidimu tshimue tshianana kumpala kua yeye kufua. Wakatungunuka ne tshididi tshia kushintuluisha bantu ku bukole mu ditunga dia Iturée ne kutekaye Galela ku bukokeshi bua bena Asmona. Kadi anu mu bukokeshi bua muanabu Alexandre Jannée wakakokesha kubangila mu 103-176 K.B.B. ke muakatumba bukokeshi bua bena Asmona bikole.

Alexandre Jannée wakabenga tshididi tshia kumpala ne  kuditekaye nkayende muakuidi munene ne mukalenge. Dikokangana pankatshi pa bena Asmona ne Bafalese diakavula bikole, kufikishadi ne ku mvita yakashipesha bena Yuda 50 000. Pakajika mvita eyi, Jannée wakenza bualu bua buena bua bamfumu ba bisamba bikuabu, wakashipesha bantu 800 ba ku bavua bajule buntomboji abu ku mitshi. Pakavuabu pa kushipa bantu aba, bakanji kushipa bakaji ne bana babu ku mêsu kuabu, pavua eku Jannée wenza difesto patoke ne bakaji bende ba ndumba. *

Nansha muvua Jannée mukine Bafalese, uvua muena tshididi munene. Wakamona ne: bantu ba bungi bavua batue Bafalese mu nyima. Kumpala kua kufuaye wakambila mukajende Salomé Alexandra dîyi dia ndekelu dia se: abanyangane bumfumu ne Bafalese. Jannée wakalekela bana bende ba balume, kumusungulaye yeye bua amupingane mu bukalenge buende. Wakaleja ne: uvua mumanye kukokesha, tshikondo tshiende tshivua tshikondo tshivua bantu basombe mu ditalala dia bungi mu bukokeshi bua bena Asmona (76-67 K.B.B.). Bakapesha kabidi Bafalese miaba yabu ya mu bumfumu, ne kushipabu mikenji ivua ikandika mikandu ya ntendelelu ya Bafalese.

Pakafua Salomé, bana bende ba balume Hyrcan II (uvua muakuidi munene) ne Aristobule II bakabanga kufuila bukalenge. Bubidi buabu kabavua bamanye malu a tshididi ne a mvita bu muvua bankambua babu to, ne bidi bimueneka ne: kabavua nansha bumvue bimpe menemene tshivua bena Lomo benda bavudila mu buloba buabu kunyima kua dikuluka dia bukalenge buonso bua bena Gelika nansha. Mu 63 K.B.B., bana ba muntu babidi aba bakaya kudi Pompée mukalenge wa bena Lomo pavuaye mu Damaseke bua kumulomba abambuluishe bua kumvuanganabu mu tshilumbu tshiabu etshi. Kadi anu tshiotshi tshidimu atshi, Pompée ne biluilu biende kubuelabu mu tshimenga tshia Yelushalema ne kutshikuatabu. Atshi ke tshivua ntuadijilu wa ndekelu wa bukalenge bua bena Asmona. Mu 37 K.B.B., bakakuata Yelushalema kudi Helode Munene Mukalenge wa bena Edome uvuabu banyishile kudi Tshipangu tshia banene bena Lomo bua kuikalaye “Mukalenge wa Yudaya,” “muena mâyi ne mulunda wa bena Lomo.” Bukalenge bua bena Asmona kabuvuaku kabidi to.

Bumpianyi bua bena Asmona

Tshikondo tshia bena Asmona, kubangila kudi Yuda Makabeye too ne kudi Aristobule II ke tshitu tshifile njila wa matapuluka a bitendelelu avuaku dîba divua Yezu pa buloba. Bena Asmona bakatuadija ntendelelu wa Nzambi ne lukunukunu, kadi lukunukunu alu luakanyanguka bualu bavua bakeba anu bimpe biabu nkayabu. Bakuidi babu bavua ne diakalenga dia kusangisha bantu bua kulonda Mikenji ya Nzambi ke bakabueja bantu mu mvita ya munanunanu ya malu a tshididi. Mu nsombelu eu, matapuluka akavulangana mu malu a ntendelelu. Bena Asmona kabatshivuaku kabidi to, kadi diluishangana bua kuikala ku mutu divua pankatshi pa Basadoke, Bafalese ne bakuabu ke diakashala mu tshisamba etshi tshivua mpindieu ku bukokeshi bua Helode ne bena Lomo.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Tablo mu dibeji 30]

(Bua kumona malu bimpe, tangila mu mukanda)

Mulongo wa bamfumu ba bena Asmona

Yudase Makabeye

Yonatane Makabeye

Simone Makabeye

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Yowanase Hyrcan

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Salomé Alexandra — wakasela — Alexandre Jannée Aristobule

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Hyrcan II

Aristobule II

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 27]

Yudase Makabeye wakakebela bena Yuda budikadidi

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

The Doré Bible Illustrations/​Dover Publications, Inc.

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 29]

Bena Asmona bakaluangana bua kukokesha bimengabivua kabiyi bia bena Yuda

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

The Doré Bible Illustrations/​Dover Publications, Inc.