Mawu a Yehova ndi Amoyo

Mfundo Zazikulu za M’buku la Eksodo

BUKULI limasimba zochitika zenizeni. Likusimba za kuwomboledwa kwa anthu amene ‘anawagwiritsa ntchito yosautsa.’ (Eksodo 1:13) Likusimbanso nkhani yochititsa chidwi ya kuyambika kwa mtundu wina wa anthu. Zinthu zina zochititsa chidwi m’bukuli ndi zozizwitsa, malamulo apamwamba, ndi kumangidwa kwa chihema. Zimenezi ndi nkhani zazikulu zimene zili m’buku la m’Baibulo la Eksodo.

Mneneri wachihebri Mose ndi amene analemba buku la Eksodo ndipo likusimba zimene Aisrayeli anakumana nazo kwa zaka 145, kuyambira pamene Yosefe anamwalira mu 1657 B.C.E. mpaka pamene anamaliza kumanga chihema mu 1512 B.C.E. Komabe, nkhaniyi si mbiri chabe. Ndi mbali ya mawu a Mulungu, kapena kuti uthenga wake, kwa anthu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, bukuli ndi ‘lamoyo ndi lochitachita [lamphamvu, NW].’ (Ahebri 4:12) Motero, buku la Eksodo lili ndi tanthauzo lenileni kwa ife.

“MULUNGU ANAMVA KUBUULA KWAWO”

(Eksodo 1:1–4:31)

Ana a Yakobo amene anali kukhala ku Igupto anachulukana mofulumira kwambiri moti mfumu italamula, anayamba kuwazunza monga akapolo. Farao anafika polamula kuti makanda onse aamuna a Aisrayeli aziphedwa. Mwana m’modzi amene anapulumuka imfa yoteroyo anali Mose, mwana wa miyezi itatu, amene mwana wamkazi wa Farao anamutenga kukhala mwana wake. Ngakhale kuti analeredwa m’nyumba yachifumu, Mose ali ndi zaka 40 anakhala ku mbali ya anthu ake ndipo anapha Mwaigupto. (Machitidwe 7:23, 24) Ataona kuti sangachitire mwina koma kuthaŵa, anathaŵira ku Midyani. Kumeneko anakwatira n’kumakhala ngati mbusa. Yehova, ali pa chitsamba chimene chimayaka moto mozizwitsa, anatuma Mose kuti abwerere ku Igupto kukatsogolera Aisrayeli kuti atuluke mu ukapolo. Mkulu wake, Aroni, anamusankha kukhala wom’lankhulira wake.

Kuyankha Mafunso a M’Malemba:

3:1​—Kodi Yetero anali wansembe wotani? M’nthaŵi zakale, mutu wa banja unkakhala wansembe wa banja lakelo. Zikuoneka kuti Yetero anali mtsogoleri wa fuko la Amidyani. Popeza Amidyani anali mbadwa za Abrahamu kudzera mwa Ketura, mwina ankadziŵako za kulambira Yehova.​—Genesis 25:1, 2.

4:11​—Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani kuti Yehova ‘analenga wosalankhula, wogontha, ndi wakhungu’? Ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zina Yehova wachititsapo anthu khungu ndi kusalankhula, si iyeyo amene amachititsa kulumala kulikonse koteroko. (Genesis 19:11; Luka 1:20-22, 62-64) Zimenezi ndi zotsatirapo za uchimo umene tinatengera kwa makolo athu. (Yobu 14:4; Aroma 5:12) Koma popeza Mulungu walola kuti zimenezi zikhalepo, m’pake kuti akanatha kunena kuti iye ‘walenga’ anthu osalankhula, osamva, ndi akhungu.

4:16​—Kodi Mose anali kudzakhala “ngati Mulungu” kwa Aroni motani? Mose anali kuimira Mulungu. Choncho, Mose anakhala “ngati Mulungu” kwa Aroni, amene ankalankhula moimira Moseyo.

Zimene Tikuphunzirapo:

1:7, 14. Yehova anathandiza anthu ake pamene anali kuzunzidwa ku Igupto. Mofanana ndi zimenezo,  iye amathandiza Mboni zake masiku ano, ngakhale pamene zikuzunzidwa kwambiri.

1:17-21. Yehova amatikumbukira kuti ‘chitikomere’ mpaka kalekale.​—Nehemiya 13:31.

3:7-10. Yehova amamva anthu ake akamufuulira.

3:14. Yehova amachita zofuna zake zonse ndipo salephera. Choncho tingakhulupirire kuti adzakwaniritsa zinthu zimene tikuyembekezera zomwe Baibulo linanena. *

4:10, 13. Mose anadzikayikira kwambiri kuti sangakwanitse kulankhula, moti ngakhale pamene anamutsimikizira kuti Mulungu amuthandiza, anapempha kuti Mulungu atumize munthu wina woti akalankhule ndi Farao. Komabe, Yehova anamugwiritsa ntchito Mose ndipo anam’patsa nzeru ndi mphamvu zimene anafunikira kuti agwire ntchito yakeyo. M’malo mongoganizira zofooka zathu, tiyeni tizidalira Yehova ndi kukwaniritsa mokhulupirika ntchito yathu yolalikira ndi kuphunzitsa.​—Mateyu 24:14; 28:19, 20.

ZOZIZWITSA ZINACHITITSA ANTHU KUPULUMUKA

(Eksodo 5:1–15:21)

Mose ndi Aroni anaonekera pamaso pa Farao, ndi kum’pempha kuti alole Aisrayeli akam’chitire phwando Yehova m’chipululu. Wolamulira wa Iguptoyo anakana mwachipongwe. Yehova anagwiritsa ntchito Mose kubweretsa mavuto aakuluakulu motsatizana. Farao sanalole mpaka pamene mliri wa khumi unachitika ndipo anavomera kuti Israyeli apite. Komabe, pasanapite nthaŵi, iye ndi asilikali ake anayamba kulondola Aisrayeli. Koma Yehova anatsegula njira yopulumukira pa Nyanja Yofiira ndipo anapulumutsa anthu ake. Aigupto amene anali kulondola Aisrayeliwo anamira pamene nyanjayo inabwerera m’chimake.

Kuyankha Mafunso a M’Malemba:

6:3​—Kodi dzina la Mulungu silinadziŵike kwa Abrahamu, Isake, ndi Yakobo motani? Makolo akale ameneŵa ankagwiritsa ntchito dzina la Mulungu ndipo analandira malonjezo kuchokera kwa Yehova. Komabe, iwo sanadziŵe kapena kuona kuti Yehova ndi amene anachititsa kuti malonjezoŵa akwaniritsidwe.​—Genesis 12:1, 2; 15:7, 13-16; 26:24; 28:10-15.

7:1​—Kodi Mose anamuika bwanji ngati “Mulungu kwa Farao”? Mose anapatsidwa mphamvu ndi ulamuliro wa Mulungu pa Farao. Motero, sanafunike kuopa mfumuyo.

7:22​—Kodi alembi a Igupto anapeza kuti madzi amene sanasanduke mwazi? Akhoza kukhala kuti anagwiritsa ntchito madzi amene anatunga mumtsinje wa Nile mliriwu usanachitike. Madzi ena omwe sanasanduke mwazi akanathanso kuwapeza mwa kukumba zitsime m’dothi lachinyezi la m’mbali mwa mtsinje wa Nile.​—Eksodo 7:24.

8:26, 27​—N’chifukwa chiyani Mose ananena kuti nsembe za Aisrayeli zikanakhala “chonyansa cha Aigupto”? Ku Igupto, nyama zambiri ankazilambira. Motero, kunena zoti apereke nsembe nyama kunawonjezera mphamvu komanso chifukwa chokwanira choti Aisrayeli awalole kuti achoke akapereke nsembe kwa Yehova, zimene Mose ananena mobwerezabwereza.

12:29​—Kodi ndani amene anaonedwa monga ana oyamba kubadwa? Ana oyamba kubadwaŵa anali ana aamuna okha. (Numeri 3:40-51) Farao, yemwenso anali mwana woyamba  kubadwa, sanaphedwe. Anali ndi banja lakelake. Amene anafa chifukwa cha mliri wachikhumi anali mwana wamwamuna woyamba kubadwa pa banja lililonse osati mutu wa banja.

12:40​—Kodi Aisrayeli anakhala m’dziko la Igupto kwa nthaŵi yaitali bwanji? Zaka 430 zimene azitchula apa zikuphatikizapo nthaŵi imene ana Aisrayeli anakhala “m’dziko la Igupto ndi m’dziko la Kanani.” * Abrahamu amene anali ndi zaka 75 anawoloka mtsinje wa Firate mu 1943 B.C.E. paulendo wake wopita ku Kanani. (Genesis 12:4) Kuyambira nthaŵi imeneyo kudzafika panthaŵi imene Yakobo yemwe anali ndi zaka 130 analoŵa mu Igupto panapita zaka 215. (Genesis 21:5; 25:26; 47:9) Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti zitachitika izi Aisrayeli anakhala ku Igupto nthaŵi yofanana ndi yomweyi, zaka 215.

15:8​—Kodi madzi a m’Nyanja Yofiira omwe ‘analimba’ anali madzi oundana? Liwu lachihebri limene analimasulira kuti “zinalimba” amatanthauza kukhwinyata kapena kugwirana. Pa Yobu 10:10, mawuŵa anawagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza za mkaka wosasa umene umakhala wolimba. Motero, madzi olimbawo sakutanthauza madzi oundana. Ngati “mphepo yolimba ya kum’maŵa” imene aitchula pa Eksodo 14:21 ikanakhala yozizira kwambiri moti n’kuchititsa madziwo kuundana, mosakayika akananena za kuzizira kwambiri koteroko. Popeza panalibe chilichonse chooneka ndi maso chimene chinaimitsa madziwo, madziwo ankaoneka olimba, kapena ogwirana.

Zimene Tikuphunzirapo:

7:14–12:30. Miliri khumiyo sinachitike mwangozi. Ananeneratu kuti ichitika ndipo inachitika monga mmene ananenera. Miliriyi inasonyeza moonekeratu kuti Mlengi ali ndi mphamvu zolamulira madzi, kuunika, tizilombo, nyama, ndi anthu. Miliriyi ikusonyezanso kuti Mulungu angabweretse mavuto kwa adani ake okha koma n’kuteteza anthu amene amamulambira.

11:2; 12:36. Yehova amadalitsa anthu ake. Mwachionekere, iye anaonetsetsa kuti Aisrayeli alandira malipiro chifukwa cha ntchito imene anaigwira ku Igupto. Analoŵa m’dzikolo ali aufulu, osati ngati akapolo ogwidwa pankhondo kuti aziwagwiritsa ntchito yolemetsa.

14:30. Tingadalire Yehova kuti adzapulumutsa anthu amene akumulambira pa “chisautso chachikulu” chimene chikubwera.​—Mateyu 24:20-22; Chivumbulutso 7:9, 14.

YEHOVA ANAKONZA MTUNDU UMENE IYE ANALI WOLAMULIRA WAKE

(Eksodo 15:22–40:38)

M’mwezi wachitatu atamasulidwa ku Igupto, Aisrayeli anamanga misasa m’mbali mwa phiri la Sinai. Ali kumeneko, analandira Malamulo Khumi ndi malamulo ena, analoŵa m’pangano ndi Yehova, ndipo anakhala mtundu umene Mulungu ndiye anali wolamulira wake. Mose anatha masiku 40 ali m’phiri kumene analandira malangizo okhudza kulambira koona ndi mmene angamangire chihema cha Yehova, kachisi wotha kuyenda naye. Mose ali komweko, Aisrayeli anapanga mwana wa ng’ombe wagolide n’kumamulambira. Mose potsika m’phiri anaona zimenezi ndipo anapsa mtima moti anaswa magome a miyala aŵiri amene Mulungu anam’patsa. Anthu ochita zoipawo atalangidwa moyenerera, Mose anapitanso kuphiri  ndipo analandira magome ena aŵiri. Atabwerera, chihema chinayamba kumangidwa. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba Aisrayeli ali paufulu, anamaliza kumanga chihema chokongola chimenechi ndi zipangizo zake zonse. Ndiyeno Yehova anadzaza chihemacho ndi ulemerero.

Kuyankha Mafunso a M’Malemba:

20:5​—Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani kuti Yehova ‘amalanga ana chifukwa cha atate awo’? Munthu aliyense akakula, amaweruzidwa malinga ndi khalidwe kapena maganizo ake. Koma pamene mtundu wa Israyeli unayamba kulambira mafano, mibadwo ya m’tsogolo ya mtunduwu inavutika chifukwa cha zimenezi. Ngakhalenso Aisrayeli okhulupirika anavutika ndi zotsatirapo zake m’lingaliro loti kutsatira zipembedzo zonyenga kwa mtunduwo kunachititsa kuti avutike kwambiri kukhalabe okhulupirika.

23:19; 34:26​—Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani anawapatsa lamulo loti asaphike mwana wa mbuzi mu mkaka wa make? Anthu amati kuphika mwana wa nyama (kaya ndi mwana wa mbuzi kapena nyama zina) mu mkaka wa make unali mwambo wachikunja umene ankachita poganiza kuti umathandiza kuti mvula igwe. Ndiponso, popeza mkaka wa khololo ndi woti azidyetsera mwana wakeyo, kuphika mwanayo mu mkaka wa make ingakhale nkhanza. Lamulo limeneli linathandiza anthu a Mulungu kuona kuti ayenera kukhala achifundo.

23:20-23​—Kodi mthenga kapena kuti mngelo amene amutchula apa anali ndani, ndipo zikutanthauza chiyani kuti dzina la Yehova linali “m’mtima mwake”? Mosakayika, mngelo ameneyu anali Yesu asanakhale munthu. Anamugwiritsira ntchito kutsogolera Aisrayeli popita ku Dziko Lolonjezedwa. (1 Akorinto 10:1-4) Dzina la Yehova linali “m’mtima mwake” m’lingaliro lakuti Yesu ndiye wamkulu kuposa onse amene amaimira ndi kuyeretsa dzina la Atate wake.

32:1-8, 25-35​—N’chifukwa chiyani Aroni sanalangidwe chifukwa chopanga mwana wa ng’ombe wagolide? Aroni sanali kugwirizana nazo ndi mtima wonse zolambira fanozo. Pambuyo pake, iye ayenera kuti anali pamodzi ndi Alevi anzake pokhala kumbali ya Mulungu ndiponso kutsutsana ndi anthu amene anali kulimbana ndi Mose. Anthu olakwawo ataphedwa, Mose anakumbutsa anthu kuti anachimwa kwambiri, zimene zikusonyeza kuti Yehova anachitira chifundo anthu enanso kupatulapo Aroni.

33:11, 20​—Kodi Mulungu analankhula motani ndi Mose “kopenyana maso”? Mawu ameneŵa akusonyeza kulankhulana kwa anthu aŵiri okondana kwambiri. Mose analankhula ndi nthumwi ya Mulungu ndipo anamuuza pakamwa malangizo a Yehova kudzera mwa iye. Koma Mose sanaone Yehova, popeza ‘palibe munthu angaone Mulungu ndi kukhala ndi moyo.’ Ndipotu, Yehova sanalankhule yekha kwa Mose. Lemba la Agalatiya 3:19 limati Chilamulo “chinakonzeka ndi [“chinaperekedwa kudzera mwa,” NW] angelo m’dzanja la nkhoswe.”

Zimene Tikuphunzirapo:

15:25; 16:12. Yehova amapezera anthu ake zinthu zofunika pamoyo.

18:21. Anthu amene amasankhidwa pa maudindo mu mpingo wachikristu ayeneranso kukhala oti angakwaniritse udindo wawowo, oopa Mulungu, okhulupirika, ndiponso osadzikonda.

20:1–23:33. Yehova ndiye Wopereka malamulo wamkulu. Pamene Aisrayeli anamvera, malamulo akewo anawathandiza kumulambira molongosoka ndiponso mwachimwemwe. Yehova ali ndi gulu limene akulilamulira masiku ano. Kutsatira zimene gululi likunena kudzatithandiza kukhala achimwemwe ndiponso otetezeka.

Lili ndi Tanthauzo Lenileni kwa Ife

Kodi buku la Eksodo likusonyeza chiyani za Yehova? Likusonyeza kuti iye amapereka zinthu mwachikondi, amaombola anthu mosafanana ndi wina aliyense, ndiponso amakwaniritsa zolinga zake. Iye ndi Mulungu amene amakonza gulu limene iyeyo ndiye wolamulira wake.

Pamene mukuŵerenga Baibulo mlungu ndi mlungu pokonzekera Sukulu ya Utumiki wa Mulungu, mosakayika mudzakhudzidwa mtima ndi zimene mudzaphunzira m’buku la Eksodo. Pamene mukupenda zimene zili m’chigawo chakuti “Kuyankha Mafunso a M’Malemba,” mudzamvetsa kwambiri ndime zina za m’Malemba. Ndemanga zimene zili m’chigawo chakuti “Zimene Tikuphunzirapo” zidzakusonyezani mmene mungapindulire ndi kuŵerenga Baibulo kwa mlungu umenewo.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi pamasamba 24, 25]

Yehova analamula Mose, munthu wodzichepetsa, kuti akatsogolere Aisrayeli kuwatulutsa muukapolo

[Chithunzi patsamba 25]

Miliri khumi inasonyeza kuti Mlengi ali ndi mphamvu zolamulira madzi, kuunika, tizilombo, nyama, ndiponso anthu

[Chithunzi pamasamba 26, 27]

Yehova kudzera mwa Mose anakonza mtundu wa Israyeli kukhala wolamulidwa ndi Iyeyo