Na Henanom Ne Anabaptistfo?

SƐ NSRAHWƐFO du Münster kurow a ɛwɔ Westphalia, Germany, no mu bere a edi kan a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wogyina hwɛ nnadebuw abiɛsa bi a ɛsɛn asɔredan tenten bi so no. Anyɛ yiye koraa no, nnadebuw no asɛn hɔ bɛyɛ mfirihyia 500. Mfiase no, na mmarima baasa bi a wɔyɛɛ wɔn ayayade wɔ baguam kum wɔn no amu na ɛwɔ buw no mu. Ná mmarima no yɛ Anabaptistfo, na na buw no yɛ wɔn ahenni no ho nkaede.

Ná henanom ne Anabaptistfo? Ɔkwan bɛn so na fekuw no fii ase? Ná wɔn nkyerɛkyerɛ titiriw ne dɛn? Dɛn nti na wokum saa mmarima no? Na abusuabɔ bɛn na buw abiɛsa no ne ahenni no wɔ?

Wɔyɛ Asɔre no Mu Sesɛw—Nanso Ɔkwan Bɛn So?

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 15 awiei ne afeha a ɛto so 16 mfiase no, ɔkasatia a ɛbaa Roma Katolek Asɔre no ne asɔfo no so mu yɛɛ den. Ɔporɔw ne ɔbrasɛe buu so wɔ asɔre no mu; enti, nnipa tee nka sɛ nsakrae kɛse ho hia. Wɔ 1517 mu no, Martin Luther paeem kae wɔ baguam sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ɔsesɛw, na bere a afoforo bɛkaa ne ho wɔ ɔkasatia no mu no, ankyɛ na Protestantfo Ɔsesɛw no fii ase.

Nanso na sesɛwfo no nni nhyehyɛe a edi mu biara fa nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ anaa baabi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nsakrae kodu no ho. Wɔn mu pii huu hia a ehia sɛ wodi Bible no akyi wɔ ɔsom ho nsɛm mu. Nanso, ɔsesɛwfo no adwene anhyia wɔ Bible nkyerɛkyerɛ a obiara nim ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu a wɔde bɛma mpo ho. Ebinom tee nka sɛ Ɔsesɛw no nnya nkɔso ntɛmntɛm. Na ɔsesɛwfo a na wɔte nka saa no mu na Anabaptist fekuw nyaa ne mfiase.

Hans-Jürgen Goertz kyerɛw wɔ ne nhoma Die Täufer—Geschichte und Deutung mu sɛ: “Sɛ yɛbɛka paa a, na ɛnyɛ baptistfo kuw koro pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ; na pii na ɛwɔ hɔ.” Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ 1521 mu no, mmarima baanan bi a wɔfrɛ wɔn Zwickau adiyifo no kanyan nnipa pii nsusuwii denam Anabaptistfo nkyerɛkyerɛ a wɔde baa Wittenberg no so. Na wɔ 1525 mu no, wɔtew Anabaptistfo kuw foforo wɔ Zurich, Switzerland. Anabaptistfo akuw foforo nso fii ase wɔ Moravia—a mprempren ɛyɛ Czech Republic no—ne Netherlands.

Asubɔ—Ɛwɔ Hɔ Ma Nkokoaa Anaa Mpanyimfo?

Ná Anabaptistfo akuw taa yɛ akuw nketewa, na na emufo ne wɔn ho di nsɛm asomdwoe mu. Emufo no amfa wɔn gyidi anhintaw; nokwarem no, wɔkaa asɛm no kyerɛɛ afoforo. Wɔkyerɛkyerɛɛ Anabaptistfo gyidi ne wɔn nkyerɛkyerɛ titiriw no mu wɔ Schleitheim Bɔneka no mu wɔ 1527 mu. Nneɛma a wɔyɛe no bi ne sɛ wɔankɔ sraadi, wɔtwee wɔn ho fii wiase no ho, na woyii abɔnefo fii wɔn mu. Nanso Anabaptistfo gyidi a na edi akoten sen biara a ɛne sɛ asubɔ nyɛ nkokoaa de, na mmom mpanyimfo de no, na ɛmaa wɔdaa nsow wɔ ɔsom a aka no ho. *

Ná mpanyimfo asubɔ nyɛ ɔsom mu nkyerɛkyerɛ ara kwa; na ɛyɛ tumidi ho ɔsɛmpɔw. Sɛ na wɔtwentwɛn asubɔ ase kosi mpanyin bere mu—na ɛma obi gyina ne gyidi so si gyinae—a, ebinom rennye asubɔ koraa. Ná asɔre no nni ankorankoro a wɔmmɔɔ wɔn asu no so tumi biara.  Wɔ asɔre ahorow bi fam no, nea na mpanyimfo asubɔ kyerɛ ne tumi a wɔhwere.

Enti, Katolekfo ne Lutheranfo nyinaa pɛe sɛ wɔbɛma wɔagyae mpanyimfo asubɔ. Wɔ 1529 akyi no, na asotwe a wɔde ma wɔn a wɔbɔ mpanyimfo asu anaa wɔn a wonyin ansa na wɔabɔ asu wɔ mmeae bi ne sɛ wobekum wɔn. Sɛnkyerɛwfo Thomas Seifert kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ “wɔtaa” Anabaptistfo “denneennen wɔ German Man no Roma Ahemman Kronkron no nyinaa mu.” Ná ɔtaa no mu yɛ den yiye wɔ Münster.

Wɔhwehwɛɛ Nsakrae Wɔ Münster Wɔ Mfinimfini Mmere Mu

Ná nnipa bɛyɛ 10,000 na wɔte Münster wɔ Mfinimfini Mmere no Mu, na na akoban a ɛyɛ den a obi ntumi ntwiw mfa so a ne tɛtrɛtɛ bɛyɛ mita 90 na ne mfareho bɛyɛ kilomita 5 atwa ho ahyia. Nanso, na kurow no mu nnwo. The Kingdom of the Anabaptists, a Münster Kuropɔn Tete Nneɛma Akorae no tintimii no ka sɛ “na amammuisɛm mu ntawntawdi kɔ so wɔ Kuropɔn no mu Mmarahyɛ Bagua ne Adwumayɛfo ntam.” Afei nso, na kurow no mufo bo fuw asɔfo no wɔ wɔn nneyɛe ho. Münster gyee Ɔsesɛw no toom na wɔ 1533 mu no, efii Katolekfo nsam bedii Lutheranfo nsam.

Wɔn a wɔtaa ɔsesɛw no akyi sen biara wɔ Münster no mu biako ne Bernhard Rothmann, ɔbarima a na ɔno nso pere ne ho no. Nhomakyerɛwfo Friedrich Oehninger kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ Rothmann “nsusuwii bɛyɛɛ Anabaptistfo de nkutoo; ɔne ne mfɛfo a aka no poe sɛ wɔbɛbɔ nkokoaa asu.” Onyaa akyitaafo pii wɔ Münster, ɛmfa ho mpo sɛ na ebinom susuw sɛ ne nsusuwii aman afi amammerɛ ho koraa no. “Wɔn a na wɔdɔ nhyehyɛe dedaw no pii fii kurow no mu, a na ehu ne abasamtu aka wɔn. Anabaptistfo fi mmaa nyinaa bɛhyɛɛ Münster mã, a na wɔn anidaso ne sɛ wɔn nsusuwii no bɛbam.” Anabaptistfo a wɔbɛhyɛɛ Münster mã no maa adeyɛ bi a ɛyɛ hu sii.

Wɔka Yerusalem Foforo Hyem

Dutch mmarima baanu bi a wotu kɔɔ Münster—Jan Mathys, abodootõfo a ofi Haarlem, ne Jan Beuckelson, a wonim no sɛ John a ofi Leiden no—dii dwuma titiriw wɔ adeyɛ a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ hɔ no mu. Mathys kyerɛe sɛ ɔyɛ odiyifo na ɔbɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ April 1534 ne bere a Kristo mmae a ɛto so abien no bɛba. Wɔkae sɛ kurow no ne Yerusalem Foforo a wɔbɔ din wɔ Bible mu no, na ɛmaa adeyɛ no yɛe sɛ wiase awiei ho nkɔmhyɛ. Rothmann sii gyinae sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ agyapade biara yɛ ɔman mu no nyinaa de. Ná ɛsɛ sɛ kurom hɔfo a wɔanyinyin no si gyinae: Sɛ́ wobegye asubɔ anaasɛ wobefi hɔ. Nnipa pii gyee asubɔ, na wɔn mu binom gyee asubɔ esiane sɛ na wɔmpɛ sɛ wogyaw wɔn afie ne wɔn agyapade ahorow hɔ nti.

Nkurow a aka no bo fuwii esiane sɛ Münster bɛyɛɛ kurow a edi kan a Anabaptist som no ne amammuisɛm gyee ntini kɛse wom nti. Sɛnea Die Täufer zu Münster nhoma no kyerɛ no, eyi maa “German Man no Roma Ahemman Kronkron no nyinaa de basabasayɛ baa Münster.” Ɔheneba ne Ɔsɔfopanyin Count Franz von Waldeck, a ɔyɛ ahemman no mu otitiriw no, boaboaa asraafo ano ma wɔkɔkaa Münster hyeem. Ná asraafo no yɛ Lutheranfo ne Katolekfo asraafo. Ɔsom ahorow abien yi, a ɛda adi sɛ na wɔn adwene nhyia wɔ Ɔsesɛw no ho, a ɛnkyɛ koraa wɔbɛsɔre atia wɔn ho wɔn ho wɔ Mfirihyia Aduasa Ko no mu no, kaa wɔn asraafo boom sɔre tiaa Anabaptistfo no.

Wɔsɛe Anabaptist Ahemman No

Ahoɔden a asraafo a na wɔrebɛka kurow no ahyem no de bae no ammɔ wɔn a na kurow  no fasu abɔ wɔn ho ban no hu. Wɔ April 1534 mu, bere a wɔkyerɛe sɛ Kristo mmae a ɛto so abien no bɛba no, Mathys traa pɔnkɔ fitaa so sen faa kurow no mu, a na ɔrehwɛ kwan sɛ wobenya ɔsoro ahobammɔ. Hwɛ ehu ara a ɛkaa Mathys akyitaafo no bere a wɔhwɛɛ kurow no fasu no so na wohui sɛ asraafo a wɔrebɛka wɔn ahyem no de Mathys asɛn dua so akum no retwitwa ne mu asinasin no.

John a ofi Leiden bedii Mathys ade, na wɔtoo ne din Ɔhene Jan a ɔyɛ Anabaptistfo panyin wɔ Münster. Ɔbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ obedi mmea no dodow ne mmarima no dodow ho dwuma—na mmea dɔɔso wɔ kurow no mu sen mmarima—denam hyɛ a ɔhyɛɛ mmarima no nkuran sɛ wɔmfa ɔyerenom dodow biara sɛnea wobetumi no so. Nneɛma a wɔyɛ kɔɔ akyiri wɔ Anabaptistfo ahenni mu wɔ Münster no bi ne sɛ na wokum obi a ɔsɛe aware anaa ɔbɔ aguaman, nanso na wɔma awaredodow ho kwan, na wɔhyɛɛ ho nkuran mpo. Ɔhene Jan ankasa waree yerenom 16. Bere a wɔn mu biako, Elisabeth Wandscherer, srɛɛ no sɛ ɔmma omfi kurow no mu no, ɔma wotwaa ne ti wɔ baguam.

Nkahyem no dii asram 14, kosii sɛ awiei koraa no, kurow no hwee ase wɔ June 1535 mu. Münster hyiaa ɔsɛe pasaa, ɔsɛe a kurow no anhu ne sɛso bio kosi Wiase Ko II mu. Rothmann guanee, nanso wɔkyeree Ɔhene Jan ne Anabaptistfo mpanyimfo foforo baanu, yɛɛ wɔn ayayade, kum wɔn. Wɔde wɔn amu guu ebuw mu de sɛn Ɔhotefo Lambert Asɔredan a ɛware yiye no so. Seifert kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ, na ɛno “bɛyɛ kɔkɔbɔ a ɛyɛ hu ama wɔn a wobetumi akanyan basabasayɛ no nyinaa.” Yiw, amanyɔsɛm mu a wɔde wɔn ho hyehyɛe no de ɔhaw kɛse bae.

Dɛn na ɛbaa Anabaptisfo nkurow a aka no so? Wɔtaa wɔn mfe pii wɔ Europa nyinaa. Anabaptistfo fã kɛse no ara kuraa wɔn nnyinasosɛm a ɛne sɛ wɔrenkɔ sraadi no mu, ɛmfa ho sɛ na wɔn mu kakraa bi yɛ atutupɛfo no. Bere bi akyi no, kan sɔfo Menno Simons bedii Anabaptistfo anim, na awiei koraa no, wɔbɛfrɛɛ kuw no Mennofo anaa din foforo biara.

Ebuw Abiɛsa No

Ná Anabaptistfo yɛ nyamesomfo a wɔbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wobedi Bible nnyinasosɛm akyi. Nanso, wɔn a na wokura amammuisɛm mu denneennen wɔ Münster no maa Anabaptistfo poo saa nnyinasosɛm no de wɔn ho hyɛɛ amammuisɛm mu. Ɛbaa saa pɛ na kuw no bɛyɛɛ ɔman anidan kuw. Eyi de ɔhaw brɛɛ Anabaptist fekuw no ne Münster kurow no wɔ mfinimfini mmere no mu.

Nsrahwɛfo a wɔkɔ kurow no mu no da so ara kae adeyɛ a ɛyɛ hu a esii bɛyɛ mfirihyia 500 a atwam ni no. Ɔkwan bɛn so? Ɛdenam ebuw abiɛsa a ɛsɛn asɔredan tenten no so no so.

[Ase hɔ asɛm]

[Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 13]

Wɔyɛɛ Ɔhene Jan ayayade, kum no, na wɔde no sɛn Ɔhotefo Lambert Asɔredan tenten no so