Mafunso Ochokera kwa Oŵerenga

Kodi Mboni za Yehova zimalandira kachigawo kakang’ono kalikonse kotengedwa m’magazi?

Yankho lotsatirali tinalisindikizanso m’magazini ya June 15, 2000.

Yankho lofunika kwambiri ndi lakuti, Mboni za Yehova sizilola kulandira magazi. Timakhulupirira zolimba kuti lamulo la Mulungu lokhudza magazi silingasinthidwe kuti ligwirizane ndi kusintha kwa malingaliro a anthu. Ngakhale zili motero, pamabuka mafunso ena chifukwa chakuti tsopano magazi amatha kugaŵidwa kukhala zigawo zinayi zikuluzikulu komanso kukhala tizigawo ting’onoting’ono tomwe timapanga zigawo zikuluzikuluzo. Pofuna kusankha kaya kuti alandire zimenezo, Mkristu ayenera kuganiziranso zinthu zina, osati phindu lokha ndi kuopsa kwa mankhwalawo. Nkhaŵa yake yaikulu iyenera kukhudzana ndi zimene Baibulo limanena ndi mmene zimenezo zidzakhudzira unansi wake ndi Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse.

Mfundo zazikulu zofunikira sizovuta kuzimvetsa. Kuti tione chifukwa chake zili motero, tiyeni tione zimene Baibulo, mbiri yakale, ndi zochitika zokhudza mankhwala zikusonyeza.

Yehova Mulungu anauza kholo lathu Nowa kuti magazi sayenera kutengedwa monga chinthu wamba. (Genesis 9:3, 4) Pambuyo pake, malamulo a Mulungu kwa Israyeli anasonyeza kupatulika kwa magazi: “Ndipo munthu aliyense wa mbumba ya Israyeli, kapena mlendo . . . wakudya mwazi uliwonse; nkhope yanga idzatsutsana naye munthu wakudya mwaziyo.” Mwa kukana lamulo la Mulungu, Mwiisrayeli akanatha kuipitsanso anthu ena; chotero Mulungu anawonjezera kuti: “Ndi kum’sadza kum’chotsa kwa anthu a mtundu wake.” (Levitiko 17:10) Pambuyo pake, pamsonkhano wa ku Yerusalemu, atumwi ndi akulu analamula kuti tiyenera ‘kusala mwazi.’ Kuchita zimenezo n’kofunika mofanana ndi kupeŵa chiwerewere ndi kulambira mafano.​—Machitidwe 15:28, 29.

Kodi ‘kusala’ kumeneko kuyenera kuti kunatanthauzanji kalelo? Akristu sanali kudya magazi, aaŵisi kapena uŵende; ndiponso sanali kudya nyama yosakhetsedwa. Zakudya zinanso zoletsedwa zinali zija zosakanikirana ndi magazi, monga masoseji momwe mulinso magazi. Kudya magazi mu iliyonse ya njira zimenezo kunali kuswa lamulo la Mulungu.​—1 Samueli 14:32, 33.

Anthu ochuluka m’nthaŵi zakalezo sanali kuda nkhaŵa ndi kudya magazi, monga momwe tikuonera m’nkhani zolembedwa ndi Tertullian (zaka za m’ma 100 ndi za m’ma 200 Kristu Atabwera). Poyankha mabodza onena kuti Akristu ankadya magazi, Tertullian anatchula za mafuko omwe ankasindikiza mapangano awo mwa kulaŵa magazi. Ananenanso zoti “m’mabwalo amaseŵero mukakhala zochitika, [ena] ludzu losusuka amwa magazi a munthu wamlandu amene akuphedwayo . . . monga mankhwala a matenda awo a khunyu.”

Khalidwe limenelo (ngakhale kuti Aroma ankalichita pofuna thanzi labwino) linali lolakwika kwa Akristu: “Ngakhale pakati pa zakudya zathu zamasiku onse, magazi a nyama palibe,” analemba motero Tertullian. Aroma ankagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zophatikiza ndi magazi pofuna kuyesa kukhulupirika kwa Akristu enieni. Tertullian anawonjezeranso kuti: “Tsopano, ndikufunseni, muneneranji kuti [Akristu] amasusukira magazi a anthu pamene mukudziŵa bwino lomwe kuti amanyansidwa koopsa ndi magazi a nyama?”

Lerolino, pali anthu ochepa amene amaona kuti malamulo a Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse amakhudzidwa ngati dokotala wawauza kuti aikidwe magazi. Pamene kuli kwakuti Mboni za Yehova zimafunadi kukhala ndi moyo, sitiyenera kulephera kumvera lamulo la Yehova lonena za magazi. Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauzanji malinga ndi mankhawala ena amakono?

Kuika munthu magazi kutafala pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse, Mboni za Yehova zinaona kuti zimenezo n’zosemphana ndi lamulo la Mulungu​—ndipo timakhulupirirabe zomwezo lero. Komano kapangidwe ka mankhwala kasintha chiyambire nthaŵiyo. Lerolino, anthu ambiri saikidwa magazi athunthu. M’malo mwake amaikidwa chimodzi mwa zigawo zake zikuluzikulu: (1) maselo ofiira; (2) maselo oyera; (3) ma platelet (mapulateleti, omwe ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana msanga munthu akavulala); (4) plasma (serum), madzi a m’magazi. Malinga ndi matenda amene munthu akudwala, madokotala anganene kuti ayenera kuikidwa maselo ofiira, maselo oyera, mapulateleti, kapena plasma, amene ndi madzi a m’magazi. Kuika munthu zigawo zikuluzikulu zimenezi kumatheketsa kuti magazi a m’botolo limodzi agaŵidwe pakati pa odwala ochuluka. Mboni za Yehova zimakhulupirira kuti kulandira magazi athunthu kapena chilichonse cha zigawo zinayi zikuluzikuluzo za m’magazi ndi kuswa lamulo la Mulungu. Kumamatira malangizo a m’Baibulo ameneŵa kwawateteza kwambiri ku ngozi zambiri, kuphatikizapo matenda monga a kutupa chiŵindi ndiponso AIDS omwe angatengedwe m’magazi.

Komabe, popeza kuti palinso tizigawo ting’onoting’ono tomwe timatengedwa ku zigawo zikuluzikuluzo, pamakhala mafunso ponena za tizigawoto totengedwa ku zigawo zikuluzikulu. Kodi tizigawoto amatigwiritsa ntchito motani, ndipo kodi Mkristu ayenera kuganizira chiyani pofuna kusankha?

M’magazi muli zinthu zochuluka kwabasi. Ngakhale madzi a m’magazi​—omwe 90 peresenti yake ndi madzi wamba​—ali ndi mahomoni ambirimbiri, zimene amati ma inorganic salt, mapuloteni otchedwa ma enzyme (enzaimu), zinthu zomanga thupi, kuphatikizapo ma minero ndi shuga. Madzi a m’magaziwo amanyamulanso mapuloteni monga albumin (alubumini), mapuloteni othandiza magazi kuundana msanga akayamba kuchucha, ndi mapuloteni otchedwa ma antibody (antibode) omwe amalimbana ndi matenda. Akatswiri amatha kupatula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni ambiri opezeka m’madzi a m’magaziwo. Mwachitsanzo, mapuloteni othandiza magazi kuundana msanga otchedwa Factor VIII akhala akupatsidwa kwa anthu amene amatuluka magazi mosavuta ndipo magazi awo saundana msanga. Kapena ngati wina wapezeka ndi matenda ena, madokotala anganene kuti afunikira jakisoni za madzi a gamma globulin, yotengedwa m’madzi a m’magazi a anthu amene magazi awo amatha kulimbana ndi matendawo. Mapuloteni ena opezeka m’madzi a m’magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mankhwala, koma amene tangotchulawo akusonyeza mmene chigawo chimodzi chachikulu cha magazi (madzi a m’magazi) chingagaŵidwire kukhalanso tizigawo ting’onoting’ono. a

Monga momwe madzi a m’magazi angakhalirenso gwero la tizigawo tosiyanasiyana, zigawo zikuluzikulu zinanso (maselo ofiira, maselo oyera, mapulateleti) zingagaŵidwenso kukhala tizigawo ting’onoting’ono. Mwachitsanzo, maselo oyera angakhale gwero la mapuloteni otchedwa ma interferon ndi ma interleukin, ogwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa matenda ena oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi ndi mitundu ina ya kansa. M’mapulateleti angatengemo mankhwala ochizira zilonda. Komanso akupanga mankhwala ena omwe (makamaka poyamba kuwapanga) akuwapanga ndi tizigawo totengedwa m’zigawo zikuluzikulu zamagazi. Kupatsidwa mankhwala ngati ameneŵa sikuikidwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zija; koma nthaŵi zambiri mankhwala ameneŵa amakhala ophatikana ndi tizigawo tating’ono ta zigawo zazikuluzo. Kodi Mkristu ayenera kulandira tizigawo timeneti monga mankhwala? Ifeyo sitinganene kalikonse. Baibulo silifotokoza zimenezo mwatsatanetsatane, chotero Mkristu aliyense ayenera kusankha yekha pamaso pa Mulungu malinga ndi chikumbumtima chake.

Ena angakane china chilichonse chotengedwa m’magazi (ngakhale tizigawo ting’onoting’ono tongoti tithandize thupi kulimbana ndi matenda kwa kanthaŵi kochepa). Ndi mmene akumvera lamulo la Mulungu lakuti ‘musale mwazi.’ Iwo amati chifukwa chake n’chakuti lamulo lake kwa Israyeli linafuna kuti magazi omwe atuluka m’cholengedwa ‘athiridwe pansi.’ (Deuteronomo 12:22-24) N’chifukwa chiyani imeneyi ili mfundo yomveka? Popanga madzi a gamma globulin, komanso mankhwala othandiza magazi kuundana msanga otengedwa m’magazi, ndi zina zotero, magazi amatengedwa ndi kukonzedwa. Chotero, Akristu ena amakana mankhwala ameneŵa, monga momwe amakanira kuikidwa magazi athunthu kapena zigawo zake zinayi zikuluzikulu. Malingaliro awo oona mtima ogwirizana ndi chikumbumtima chawo ameneŵa ayenera kulemekezedwa.

Akristu ena amasankha mosiyana ndi zimenezo. Iwonso amakana kuikidwa magazi athunthu, maselo ofiira, maselo oyera, mapulateleti, kapena madzi a m’magazi otchedwa plasma. Koma mwina angalole dokotala kuwapatsa mankhwala opangidwa ndi kachigawo kakang’ono kotengedwa m’zigawo zikuluzikulu zija. Ngakhale pamenepa pangakhalenso zosankha zosiyana. Mkristu wina angalole jakisoni wa madzi a gamma globulin, koma mwina angalole kapena kukana jakisoni wokhala ndi zinazake zotengedwa ku maselo ofiira kapena oyera. Komano, kodi n’chiyani chingapangitse Akristu ena kuona kuti angalandire tizigawo totengedwa m’magazi?

Nkhani ya “Mafunso Ochokera kwa Oŵerenga” mu Nsanja ya Olonda ya June 1, 1990, inasonyeza kuti mapuloteni a m’madzi a m’magazi (tizigawo ting’onoting’ono) amayenda kuchokera m’magazi a mayi wapakati kuloŵa m’magazi a mwana wake adakali m’mimba. Chotero, amayi amapereka mapuloteni otchedwa immunoglobulin kwa mwana wawo, kum’patsa mphamvu yolimbana ndi matenda yofunikayo. M’thupi mwa mwana wosabadwayo, maselo ake ofiira akafa, kachigawo komwe kamayendetsa mpweya wa okosijeni kamasinthika. Mbali yake ina amakhala bilirubin, amene amadutsa chibelekero kukaloŵa mwa mayi ndipo amatulukira pamodzi ndi zina zonse zosafunika m’thupi. Akristu ena angaone kuti popeza kuti tizigawo ting’onoting’ono ta m’magazi timaloŵa mwa munthu wina m’njira yachibadwayi, iwo angalandire kachigawo ka m’magazi kotengedwa m’madzi a m’magazi aja kapena ku maselo.

Kodi popeza kuti malingaliro ndiponso zosankha zachikumbumtima zimatha kusiyana ndiye kuti si nkhani yodetsa nkhaŵa? Iyayi. Ndi nkhanitu yaikulu. Komano sikuti ndi nkhani yovuta kuimvetsa. Mfundo zapamwambazo zikusonyeza kuti Mboni za Yehova zimakana kuikidwa magazi athunthu komanso zigawo zake zikuluzikulu za m’magazi. Baibulo limalangiza Akristu kuti ‘asale nsembe za mafano, ndi mwazi, ndi dama.’ (Machitidwe 15:29) Kusiyapo zimenezo, ngati ndi nkhani yokhudza tizigawo totengedwa m’chilichonse cha zigawo zikuluzikuluzi, Mkristu aliyense, atasinkhasinkha mwakuya ndi mwapemphero, ayenera kudzisankhira yekha malinga ndi chikumbumtima chake.

Anthu ambiri angalolere kulandira mankhwala alionse omwe akuoneka kuti angawathandize mwamsanga, ngakhale ndi mankhwala amene amadziŵikiratu kuti amakhala ndi zoopsa zina pathanzi, monga momwe zilili ndi mankhwala ogwiritsa ntchito zinthu za m’magazi. Mkristu woona mtima amafunitsitsa kuimvetsetsa bwino nkhani yonseyo, ndi kukhala ndi malingaliro oyenera okhudzanso zina zambiri zowonjezera pa mbali yakuthupi. Mboni za Yehova zimathokoza anthu oyesetsa kupereka mankhwala othandizadi, ndipo zimapendanso kuopsa kwa mankhwala alionse pokuyerekeza ndi phindu lake. Komabe, pankhani ya mankhwala otengedwa ku zinthu za m’magazi, Mboni zimalingalira mosamala zimene Mulungu amanena komanso unansi wawo ndi Wopatsa Moyo wathu.​—Salmo 36:9.

Ndi dalitsotu lalikulu Mkristu kukhala ndi chidaliro chonga cha wamasalmo amene analemba kuti: “Yehova Mulungu ndiye dzuŵa ndi chikopa; Yehova adzapatsa chifundo ndi ulemerero; sadzakaniza chokoma iwo akuyenda angwiro. Yehova . . . , wodala munthu wakukhulupirira Inu”!​—Salmo 84:11, 12.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 31]

MAFUNSO AMENE MUNGAFUNSE DOKOTALA

Ngati zikuoneka kuti madokotala akufuna kukupangani opaleshoni kapena kukupatsani mankhwala ophatikizapo zinthu zotengedwa m’magazi, funsani kuti:

Kodi onse ogwira ntchito m’chipatala okhudzidwa ndi nkhaniyi akudziŵa kuti, monga mmodzi wa Mboni za Yehova, ndikulangiza kuti asandiike magazi (magazi athunthu, maselo ofiira, maselo oyera, mapulateleti, kapena madzi a m’magazi otchedwa plasma) zivute zitani?

Ngati mankhwala ena alionse amene akuti muyenera kupatsidwa angakhale opangidwa kuchokera m’madzi a m’magazi, m’maselo ofiira kapena oyera, kapena m’mapulateleti, funsani kuti:

Kodi mankhwalawo ndi opangidwa ndi zinthu zotengedwa m’chigawo chimodzi cha zigawo zinayi zikuluzikulu za m’magazi? Ngati ndi tero, tandifotokozereni kuti ndi opangidwa ndi zinthu zotani.

Kodi mankhwala opangidwa ndi zinthu zotengedwa m’magazi ameneŵa mudzandipatsa ochuluka motani, komanso m’njira yotani?

Ngati chikumbumtima changa chikundilola kulandira kachigawo ka m’magazi kameneko, kodi ngozi zake n’zotani?

Nanga ngati chikumbumtima changa sichikundilola mankhwala amenewo, kodi ndi mankhwala ena otani amene mungagwiritse ntchito?

N’taiganizira bwino nkhani imeneyi, ndingakuuzeni liti zimene ndasankha?