Ku Kapadokiya Ankakhala M’mapanga Okumbidwa ndi Mphepo Ndiponso Madzi

MTUMWI Petro ananenapo za ku Kapadokiya. Kalata yake yoyamba youziridwa anailemba kuti ipitenso kwa anthu “akukhala alendo a chibalaliko a ku . . . Kapadokiya.” (1 Petro 1:1) Kodi dera la Kapadokiya linali lotani? N’chifukwa chiyani anthu a kumeneku ankakhala m’nyumba zokumbidwa m’miyala? Kodi zinatani kuti aphunzire Chikristu?

Mlendo wina wochokera ku Britain, W. F. Ainsworth, amene anapita ku Kapadokiya m’ma 1840 anati: “Tinangozindikira kuti tatulukira m’dziko la matanthwe akuluakulu osongoka ndiponso zipilala zambirimbiri.” Alendo ambiri amene amapita m’dera la ku Turkey limeneli amadabwabe ndi maonekedwe ake ochititsa chidwi. M’zigwa za ku Kapadokiya muli matanthwe ochititsa chidwi kwambiri omwe anangoima njoo ngati ziboliboli. Ena amaoneka ngati machumuni ataliatali, chifukwa n’ngotalika mamita 30 kapena kuposa pamenepo. Ena amaoneka ngati chilembo chozondoka cha “V” chachitali kwambiri, kapena zipilala zosemedwa motero, kapenanso bowa waukulu mosaneneka.

Patsiku, zipilalazi zikamaunikidwa ndi dzuŵa zimaoneka mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Dzuŵa likamatuluka zimaoneka ngati zofiirira. Likafika pamutu zimaoneka ngati zoyerera, ndipo likamaloŵa zimaoneka ngati zachikasu. Kodi n’chiyani chinachititsa kuti pakhale “matanthwe akuluakulu osongoka ndiponso zipilala zambirimbiri” zimenezi? Ndipo kodi n’chifukwa chiyani anthu a m’derali anayamba kukhala m’menemu?

Mapanga Okumbidwa ndi Mphepo Ndiponso Madzi

Dera la Kapadokiya lili pakati penipeni pa chilumba chotchedwa Anatolia, chimene chimalumikiza Asia ndi Ulaya. Dera limeneli bwenzi lili longoti see likanakhala kuti lilibe mapiri aŵiri. Zaka zambiri zapitazo, chiphalaphala chimene chinapanga mapiriŵa chomwe chinaphulika kuchokera pansi, chinauma n’kuchititsa kuti dera lonselo likutidwe ndi miyala ya mitundu iŵiri; miyala yolimba kwambiri ndi miyala ina yoyera yamchengachenga yomwe imapangika zinthu zina zochoka m’chiphalaphalacho zikauma.

Mitsinje, mvula, ndiponso mphepo zitayamba kukokolola miyala yamchengachenga ija, zinapanga zigwembe zakuya kwabasi. Kenaka miyala ina ya makoma a zigwembezi inang’aluka n’kukhala payokha ndiyeno n’kupanga matanthwe ambirimbiri osongoka moti m’derali muli zipilala zimene sizipezeka kwina kulikonse padziko pano. Zina mwa zipilala zimenezi zinabookabooka mwakuti zinayamba kuoneka ngati zisa za njuchi. Anthu okhala m’derali anayamba kukumba matanthwe ofeŵa ameneŵa kuti apange zipinda zogonamo ndipo mabanja awo akamakula ankawonjezera zipindazo. Iwo anaonanso kuti nyumbazi zinkazizirira bwino nyengo yotentha ndiponso zinkatenthera bwino nyengo yachisanu.

Kukhala Pankhumano ya Misewu Yothandiza pa Chitukuko

Anthu okhala m’mapanga ku Kapadokiya ayenera kuti akanakhala  mopatukana kwambiri ndi anthu ena onse chipanda kuti ankakhala m’dera limene munkakumana misewu yofunika kwambiri pachitukuko. Msewu wotchuka wautali makilomita 6,500 wotchedwa Silk, womwe amalonda ankayendamo kuchokera ku chigawo chonse cholamuliridwa ndi Ufumu wa Roma kupita ku China unkadutsa ku Kapadokiya. Kuphatikiza pa amalondaŵa, asilikali a ku Peresiya, Girisi, ndi ku Roma ankadutsanso momwemu. Alendo ameneŵa anabweretsako ziphunzitso zatsopano zachipembedzo.

Pofika m’zaka za m’ma 100 Kristu Asanabwere n’kuti midzi yachiyuda itayamba kupezeka ku Kapadokiya. Ndipo Ayuda ochokera m’chigawo chimenechi analipo ku Yerusalemu m’chaka cha 33 Kristu Atabwera. Anapita kumeneku kukachita Phwando la Pentekoste. Motero mtumwi Petro analalikira Ayuda a ku Kapadokiya mzimu woyera utatsanuliridwa pa anthu. (Machitidwe 2:1-9) Zikuoneka kuti Ayuda ena anamvera uthenga wake ndipo chikhulupiriro chawo chatsopanochi anapita nacho kwawo. N’chifukwa chake ena mwa anthu amene Petro anawalembera kalata yake yoyamba anali Akristu a ku Kapadokiya.

Komabe, patapita nthaŵi, Akristu a ku Kapadokiya anayamba kutengera nzeru zachikunja. Atsogoleri achipembedzo atatu akuluakulu a ku Kapadokiya a m’zaka za m’ma 300 Kristu Atabwera anafika polimbikitsa kwambiri chiphunzitso cha Utatu chomwe n’chosemphana ndi Malemba. Anthuŵa anali Gregory wa ku Nazianzus, Basil Wamkulu, ndiponso mng’ono wake Gregory wa ku Nyssa.

Basil Wamkulu ankalimbikitsanso moyo wodzimana. Motero nyumba za ku Kapadokiya, zochita kukumba m’matanthwe, zinali zogwirizana kwambiri ndi moyo wodzimanawu. Anthu odzimanaŵa atayamba kuchuluka, anachita kufika pokumba matchalitchi m’kati mwa matanthwe ena akuluakulu. Pofika m’zaka za m’ma 1200 anali atakumba matchalitchi pafupifupi 300 m’matanthwemu. Ambiri mwa matchalitchi ameneŵa adakalipo mpaka panopa.

Ngakhale kuti matchalitchiŵa ndiponso nyumba za amonke za kumeneku panopo sakuzigwiritsiranso ntchito, kakhalidwe ka anthu a kumeneku sikanasinthe kwenikweni mpaka pano. Kudakali mapanga ambirimbiri amene anthu amakhalamo. Anthu ambiri amene amapita ku Kapadokiya amagoma kuona mmene anthu ake aluso anasinthira matanthwe achilengedwe n’kuwasandutsa nyumba zabwinobwino zokhalamo.

[Mapu pamasamba 24, 25]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

KAPADOKIYA

CHINA (Cathay)