He ni Anɔkwa Jamɔ kɛ Wɔŋjamɔ Eyakpãaa Gbee Yɛ

BLEMA Efeso amaŋfɔfeemɔhe ni yɔɔ Turkey anaigbɛ ŋshɔ lɛ naa lɛ ebafee he ko ni akɛ nɔ ni fe afii 100 miitsa shi kɛ hiɛdɔɔ kɛmiitao blema nibii. Asaa amamɔ tsũi lɛ babaoo, ni jeŋnilelɔi epɛi nibii babaoo ni amɛtsa shi amɛna lɛ amli ni amɛkɛ emlitsɔɔmɔ eha. Enɛ hewɔ lɛ, Efeso ebafee Turkey shisharamɔhei ni ehe gbɛi waa lɛ ateŋ ekome.

Mɛni niiamlitaomɔ ejie lɛ kpo yɛ Efeso he? Mɛni abaanyɛ akɛɛ yɛ nakai blema maŋtiase ni yɔɔ fɛo waa lɛ he ŋmɛnɛ? Kɛ́ wɔyashara shi yɛ Efeso amaŋfɔfeemɔ he lɛ kɛ Efeso Blema Nibii Atoohe ni yɔɔ Vienna, yɛ Austria lɛ, ebaaye abua wɔ ni wɔnu bɔ ni anɔkwa jamɔ kɛ wɔŋjamɔ eyakpãaa gbee yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ shishi. Klɛŋklɛŋ, ha wɔsusu Efeso yinɔsane he fioo wɔkwɛ.

Shikpɔŋ ko ni Mɛi Ahiɛ Kɔ̃ Nɔ

Basabasafeemɔ kɛ shĩ ni mɛi shĩɔ amɛmaji kɛyahiɔ he kroko lɛ bafee nɔ ko ni tee nɔ waa yɛ Europa kɛ Asia yɛ afii ohai 11 D.Ŋ.B. Nakai beaŋ Ionia Helabii lɛ bɔi shihemɔ yɛ Asia Bibioo lɛ anaigbɛ ŋshɔ lɛ naa. Nakai klɛŋklɛŋbii ni yahi jɛmɛ lɛ kɛ mɛi komɛi ni ale amɛ akɛ amɛjáa nyɔŋmɔyoo, ni ji nyɔŋmɔ ko ni abale lɛ sɛɛ mli akɛ Efeso Artemi lɛ yakpe yɛ jɛmɛ.

Yɛ afi 700 D.Ŋ.B. afii lɛ amli lɛ, Cimmeriabii shikpalɔi komɛi jɛ Ŋshɔ Diŋ ni yɔɔ kooyigbɛ lɛ naa lɛ kɛ ojotswaa bahà mɛi anibii yɛ Asia Bibioo lɛ mli. Sɛɛ mli aaafee afi 550 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ, Maŋtsɛ Croesus, ni eji nɔyelɔ ko ni yɔɔ hewalɛ waa ni he gbɛi yɛ nii babaoo ni eyɔɔ hewɔ lɛ bɔi nɔyeli yɛ Lydia. Beni Maŋtsɛ Koresh lɛɛɔ Persia maŋtsɛyeli lɛ mli lɛ, eye Ionia maŋtiasei, ni Efeso fata he lɛ anɔ kunim.

Yɛ afi 334 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ, Alexander ni jɛ Makedonia lɛ je tafãa shishi eshi Persia, ni ebatsɔ Efeso nɔyelɔ hee. Beni Alexander gbo kpatu gbele yɛ afi 323 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ, etatsɛmɛi nukpai lɛ bɔi Efeso nɔyeli he pelemɔ. Yɛ afi 133 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ, Attalus III, ni ji Pergamo maŋtsɛ ni bɛ bi lɛ tuu Efeso nɔyeli ewo Romabii lɛ adɛŋ, ni Efeso batsɔ maji ni yɔɔ Asia ni Roma yeɔ amɛnɔ lɛ ateŋ ekome.

Anɔkwa Jamɔ kɛ Wɔŋjamɔ Eyakpãaa Gbee

Yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii 100 Ŋ.B. lɛ mli beni bɔfo Paulo yashɛ Efeso yɛ esanekpakpa jajemɔ gbɛfãa ni ji enyɔ lɛ naagbee gbɛ lɛ, no mli lɛ mɛi aaafee 300,000  yɔɔ maŋtiase lɛ mli. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 18:19-21) Yɛ Paulo sanekpakpa shiɛmɔ gbɛfãa ni ji etɛ lɛ nɔ lɛ, eku esɛɛ kɛtee Efeso ekoŋŋ ni ekɛ ekãa hee wie Nyɔŋmɔ Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ he yɛ kpeehe lɛ. Kɛlɛ, yɛ nyɔji etɛ sɛɛ lɛ, shi ni Yudafoi lɛ teɔ amɛwoɔ Paulo lɛ mli bawa, ni Paulo hala akɛ ebaaha ewiemɔi ni ehaa daa gbi lɛ yɛ Tirano nikasemɔhe asa lɛ nɔ. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 19:1, 8, 9) Ekɛ afii enyɔ shiɛ yɛ jɛi, ni etsu naakpɛɛ nitsumɔi hu, tamɔ mɛi ni etsá yɛ naakpɛɛ gbɛ nɔ kɛ daimonioi ni efamɔ lɛ nɛkɛ. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 19:10-17) Ebɛ naakpɛɛ akɛ mɛi babaoo batsɔmɔ heyelilɔi! Hɛɛ, Yehowa wiemɔ lɛ shwere waa aahu akɛ mɛi babaoo ni tsutsu ko lɛ amɛyeɔ ŋkunyaa lɛ jɛ amɛsuɔmɔ mli amɛshã amɛ ŋkunyaayeli woji ni jara wawai lɛ.—Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 19:19, 20.

Jeee akɛ Paulo shiɛmɔ ni ye omanye lɛ kanya mɛi babaoo ni amɛkpa nyɔŋmɔyoo Artemi jamɔ kɛkɛ, shi moŋ etée mɛi ni woɔ nakai wɔŋjamɔ lɛ he hewalɛ lɛ amlifu shi. Artemi sɔlemɔtsui ni akɛ jwiɛtɛi feɔ lɛ bafee jarayeli nitsumɔ ko ni shika yɔɔ mli waa. Akɛni jwiɛtɛi ŋaalɔi lɛ anitsumɔ miihe afite hewɔ lɛ, nuu ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ Demetrio lɛ wo amɛyitsoŋ koni amɛfee basabasa.—Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 19:23-32.

Naataamɔ nɛɛ mli bawa beni mɛi lɛ kɛ ŋmɛlɛtswai enyɔ bɔi bolɔmɔ hoo akɛ: “Efesobii Artemi lɛ kekenam ni!” (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 19:34) Beni hoofeemɔ lɛ naa ba shi lɛ, Paulo ku sɛɛ ewo enanemɛi Kristofoi lɛ hewalɛ ekoŋŋ, kɛkɛ ni etsá egbɛfãa lɛ nɔ. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 20:1) Shi kɛlɛ, jɛmɛ ni Paulo shi kɛtee Makedonia lɛ haaa Artemi jamɔ ni miiba shi fiofio lɛ sɛɛ afo.

Artemi Sɔlemɔtsu lɛ Bɔi Fitemɔ

Artemi jamɔ he shi waa yɛ Efeso. Dani Maŋtsɛ Croesus aabɔi nɔyeli lɛ, no mli lɛ nyɔŋmɔyoo Cybele jamɔ ehe shi waa yɛ nakai kpokpaa lɛ nɔ. Croesus yasusu akɛ ebaanyɛ etsɔ wiemɔ ni bɛ mli ni ewie akɛ Cybele kɛ Helabii anyɔŋmɔi yɛ tsakpaa lɛ nɔ ekɛto wɔŋjamɔ ko ni Helabii kɛ mɛi ni jeee Helabii fɛɛ baakpɛlɛ nɔ ema shi. Kɛtsɔ eyelikɛbuamɔ nɔ lɛ, aje Artemi, ni ji nyɔŋmɔ ni baye Cybele sɛɛ lɛ sɔlemɔtsu lɛ maa shishi yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii 600 D.Ŋ.B.

Sɔlemɔtsu lɛ bafee Helabii atsumaa he hiɛyaa ko ni sa kadimɔ waa. Akɛ marmaratɛi wuji emako tsu ko ni dalɛ tamɔ nakai pɛŋ. La kpata nakai sɔlemɔtsu lɛ hiɛ yɛ afi 356 D.Ŋ.B. Sɔlemɔtsu fɛfɛo ko ni tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ ni asaa ama lɛ ha mɛi ná nitsumɔ amɛtsu, ni ebafee nɔ̃ titri ni mɛi ni fãa gbɛ yɛ jamɔ hewɔ lɛ sumɔɔ akɛ amɛfã gbɛ amɛyakwɛ. Atswa sɔlemɔtsu hee lɛ ama kpoku ko ni lɛɛmɔ shɛɔ mitai 73 kɛ ekɛlɛ mitai 127 nɔ, ni sɔlemɔtsu lɛ diɛŋtsɛ lɛɛmɔ aaafee mitai 50 ni ekɛlɛ ji mitai 105. Abu sɔlemɔtsu nɛɛ akɛ eji blema je lɛ naakpɛɛ nibii kpawo lɛ ateŋ ekome. Shi kɛlɛ, jeee mɔ fɛɛ mɔ ná he miishɛɛ. Heracleitus, ni eji jeŋnilelɔ ni jɛ Efeso lɛ kɛ abalanaa ko ni nɔ ewo duŋ ni kã shi kɛyaa afɔleshaalatɛ lɛ he lɛ to duŋ ni afeɔ nifɔjianii yɛ mli he, ni ebu jeŋbai ni ajie lɛ kpo yɛ sɔlemɔtsu lɛ mli lɛ akɛ nɔ ni baa shi kwraa fe kooloi anɔ. Kɛlɛ, mɛi babaoo yasusu akɛ Artemi sɔlemɔtsu ni yɔɔ Efeso lɛ fiteŋ kɔkɔɔkɔ. Shi yinɔsane tsɔɔ akɛ jeee nakai eba lɛ. Wolo ni ji Ephesos—Der neue Führer (Efeso—Gbɛtsɔɔmɔ Hee) lɛ kɛɛ akɛ: “Beni shɛɔ afi 200 Ŋ.B. lɛ, no mli lɛ Artemi kɛ nyɔŋmɔi krokomɛi ni ehe shi lɛ ajamɔ egbee shi kwraa.”

 Yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii 300 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ, shikpɔŋhosomɔ ko ni naa wa waa ba Efeso. Agbɛnɛ hu, Gothbii amlakui ni tsuɔ nii yɛ Ŋshɔ Diŋ lɛ nɔ lɛ bahà Artemi sɔlemɔtsu lɛŋ nibii fɛfɛji lɛ, kɛkɛ ni amɛwo sɔlemɔtsu lɛ mli la. Wolo ni atsĩ tã kɛtsɔ hiɛ lɛ kɛɛ akɛ: “Akɛni aye Artemi nɔ kunim ni akpata eshihilɛhe lɛ hiɛ ni enyɛɛɛ he efã hewɔ lɛ, te feɔ tɛŋŋ abuɔ lɛ akɛ eji maŋtiase lɛ hebulɔ yɛ be kpalaŋŋ ni tsɔ hiɛ lɛ mli lɛ?”—Lala 135:15-18.

Naagbee lɛ, kɛmiiba klɛŋklɛŋ afii 400 Ŋ.B. lɛ naagbee gbɛ lɛ, Theodosius I, ni eji Nɔyelɔ lɛ kpɛlɛ “Kristojamɔ” nɔ akɛ Maŋ jamɔ. Etsɛɛɛ ni Artemi sɔlemɔtsu fɛfɛo lɛ batsɔ he ni atsaa tɛi yɛ akɛyamaa tsu. Artemi jamɔ laaje kwraa yɛ shihilɛ mli. Beni nuu ko ni atsĩii egbɛi tã ni na bɔ ni nibii ba lɛ eha lɛ wieɔ sasaŋsɔ̃ wiemɔ ni awieɔ yɛ sɔlemɔtsu lɛ he akɛ eji blema je lɛ naakpɛɛ nibii lɛ ateŋ ekome lɛ he lɛ, ekɛɛ akɛ: “Amrɔ nɛɛ etsɔ amaŋfɔ kɛ he ko ni yɔɔ taŋ fe hei fɛɛ.”

Kɛjɛ Artemi Nɔ Kɛtee “Nyɔŋmɔ Nyɛ” Nɔ

Paulo bɔ Efeso asafo lɛ onukpai lɛ kɔkɔ akɛ kɛ́ eshi amɛ etee lɛ, “klaji fulɔi” baajie amɛhe kpo ni hii baajɛ amɛteŋ ‘amɛwie nibii ni ejaaa.’ (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 20:17, 29, 30) Nakai pɛpɛɛpɛ ebalɛ. Nibii ni tee nɔ lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ atsɔ Kristojamɔ mli hemɔkɛyeli kwalɔi anɔ aha apasa jamɔ shwere yɛ Efeso.

Yɛ afi 431 Ŋ.B. lɛ, afee sɔlemɔi agwabɔɔ ni ji etɛ lɛ yɛ Efeso, ni asusu bɔ ni Kristo su yɔɔ ha lɛ he yɛ jɛi. Ephesos—Der neue Führer wolo lɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Kunim ni Aleksandriabii ni kɛɛ Kristo ji gbɔmɔ kome, no ji akɛ ehiɛ Nyɔŋmɔ su lɛ ye lɛ . . . ji kunimyelii ni mɔɔ shi.” Nibii ni jɛ mli kɛba lɛ fa babaoo. “Jeee akɛ gbeekpamɔ ni aba yɛ Efeso, ni ji Maria ni awo enɔ akɛ ejeee Yesu nyɛ shi moŋ Nyɔŋmɔ nyɛ lɛ ha mɛi bɔi Maria jamɔ pɛ kɛkɛ, shi moŋ no nɔŋŋ kɛ klɛŋklɛŋ jamɔ mligbalamɔ agbo ni ba sɔlemɔi lɛ amli lɛ ba. . . . Sane naataamɔ nɛɛ etee nɔ aahu kɛbashi wɔbe nɛɛ.”

No hewɔ lɛ, akɛ Maria, ni ji “Nyɔŋmɔ nyɛ” jamɔ lɛ baye Cybele kɛ Artemi jamɔ lɛ najiaŋ. Taakɛ wolo lɛ tsɔɔ mli lɛ, “Maria Jamɔ yɛ Efeso . . . kã he eji nifeemɔ ko ni miiya nɔ amrɔ nɛɛ, ni anyɛŋ atsɔɔ nifeemɔ nɛɛ mli ni atsĩii Artemi Jamɔ tã.”

Hiɛ Eje Nɔ

Artemi jamɔ ni ba shi kwraa lɛ ji nɔ ni kɛ Efeso shigbeemɔ ba. Shikpɔŋhosomɔi, atiridii, kɛ ŋmɔtɔ ni miitsĩ elɛjiadaamɔhe lɛ fiofio lɛ ha shihilɛ yɛ maŋtiase lɛ bafee nɔ ni wa waa.

Beni shɛɔ klɛŋklɛŋ afii 700 Ŋ.B. lɛ, no mli Islam jamɔ miishwere oyayaayai. Jeee Arab maji pɛ Islam jamɔ fee amɛ ekome. Arabbii kɛ ta lɛji babaoo batutua Efeso yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii 700 Ŋ.B. kɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii 800 Ŋ.B. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, Efeso hiɛ kpata kwraa beni lɛjiadaamɔhe lɛ tsĩ kwraa kɛ ŋmɔtɔ, ní maŋtiase lɛ tsɔ koikoi lɛ. Tsutsu maŋtiase ni yɔɔ fɛo waa nɛɛ shihilɛhe fioo ko ni mɛi yɔɔ ni atsɛɔ jɛi akɛ Aya Soluk (amrɔ nɛɛ ale lɛ akɛ Selçuk) lɛ ji nɔ ni yɔɔ shihilɛ mli.

Shisharamɔ yɛ Efeso Amaŋfɔfeemɔhe Lɛ

Kɛji mɔ ko miitao ele anunyam shihilɛ mli ni Efeso yɔɔ yɛ be ko ni eho lɛ, ebaanyɛ eyashara shi yɛ emaŋfɔfeemɔhe lɛ. Nɔ ni obaana amrɔ nɔŋŋ kɛji oje oshisharamɔ lɛ shishi kɛjɛ maŋ lɛ agbó ni yɔɔ gɔŋ nɔ lɛ ji Curetes Gbɛjegbɛ ni yɔɔ fɛɔ waa ni kã shi kɛyaa Celsus Wojiatoohe lɛ. Obaana Odeum—ni ji shwɛmɔhe bibioo ko ni ama yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii 200 Ŋ.B. lɛ yɛ gbɛjegbɛ lɛ ninejurɔgbɛ. Yɛ mɛi aaafee 1,500 ni nyɛɔ yaa shwɛmɔhe lɛ mli hewɔ lɛ, eeenyɛ eba akɛ akɛtsuu nii akɛ gwabɔɔhe pɛ, shi moŋ akɛtsu nii hu akɛ maŋ shwɛmɔhe. Obaana tsui tamɔ Maŋ saneyelihei, Hadrian sɔlemɔtsu lɛ, shiai ni amamɔ yɛ gɔji anɔ—ni ji Efeso hiɛnaanɔbii ashihilɛhei kɛ nubui kɛha maŋbii yɛ Curetes Gbɛjegbɛ lɛ toi biɛ kɛ biɛ.

 Obaaná Celsus Wojiatoohe ni yɔɔ fɛo waa ni ama yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii 200 Ŋ.B. lɛ fɛo lɛ he miishɛɛ jogbaŋŋ. Akɛ wolokpoi babaoo ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ toɔ bui ni akpɛ́ yɛ nikanemɔ tsu agbo ko gbogbo mli lɛ amli. Amagai ejwɛ komɛi ni ashɔ̃ amamɔ tsu fɛfɛo nɛɛ hiɛ lɛ jieɔ sui ni akpaa gbɛ yɛ Romanyo maŋ nitsulɔ nukpa tamɔ Celsus dɛŋ lɛ kpo, ni nomɛi ji Sophia (hiɛshikamɔ), Arete (jeŋba kpakpa), Ennoia (hetuu-kɛhamɔ), kɛ Episteme (nilee loo sanesɛɛkɔmɔ). Efeso Blema Nibii Atoohe ni yɔɔ Vienna lɛ ji he ni amagai ni akwɛ nɔ akɛshɔ̃ amagai ejwɛ nɛɛ yɔɔ. Atsɔɔ agbó wulu ko ni yɔɔ wojiatoohe lɛ masɛi yɛ ekpo lɛ nɔ lɛ mli kɛyaa Tetragonos jarayelihe lɛ. Nɛkɛ jarayelihe wulu ni ahako yiteŋ ni agbála shisharamɔ gbɛ̀i ni asaa nɔ fɛfɛji yɛ ehewɔ fɛɛ nɛɛ ji he ni mɛi tsu amɛdaa gbi jarayeli nifeemɔi ahe nii yɛ.

No sɛɛ lɛ, obaaba obanina Marble Gbɛjegbɛ ni kã shi kɛyaa shwɛmɔhe wulu lɛ. Beni agbele shwɛmɔhe lɛ mli nɔ ni ji naagbee nɔ kwraa yɛ tsutsu Roma nɔyeli beaŋ lɛ, nikwɛlɔi aaafee 25,000 nyɛɔ amɛkwɛɔ nii yɛ jɛmɛ. Akɛ akulashiŋi, mfonirii ni akpɛ́, kɛ shɔ̃ɔ nibii ewula shwɛmɔhe lɛ gbogboi lɛ ahe haŋtsii. Agbɛnɛ, obaanyɛ ofee bɔ ni hoofeemɔ ni Demetrio ni ji jwiɛtɛi ŋaalɔ lɛ tee lɛ shi yɛ asafo ni ebua amɛhe naa yɛ shwɛmɔhe nɛɛ ateŋ lɛ naawalɛ yɔɔ ha lɛ he mfoniri jogbaŋŋ yɛ ojwɛŋmɔ mli.

Gbɛjegbɛ ni kã shi kɛjɛ shwɛmɔhe wulu lɛ kɛyaa lɛjiadaamɔhe ni yɔɔ maŋtiase lɛ mli lɛ nɔ yɛ fɛo waa. Ekɛlɛ aaashɛ mitai 500 ni elɛɛmɔ aaashɛ mitai 11, ni akɛ akulashiŋi ewula ehewɔ biɛ kɛ biɛ. Amamɔ shwɛmɔhe kɛ lɛjiadaamɔhe lɛ tsui ni agbɔleɔ kpɔiaŋ yɛ lɛ fɛɛ yɛ gbɛjegbɛ nɛɛ masɛi. Lɛjiadaamɔhe agbó wulu ni yɔɔ gbɛjegbɛ lɛ naagbee gbɛ lɛ ji he ni atsɔɔ kɛjeɔ kpo yɛ maŋ lɛ mli, ni biɛ ji he ni wɔkɛ shisharamɔ fioo ni wɔtee yɛ je lɛŋ amaŋfɔfeemɔhei ni yɔɔ miishɛɛ waa lɛ ateŋ ekome lɛ baa naagbee yɛ. Ayɛ nɛkɛ maŋtiase ni ehé gbɛi waa nɛɛ he mfoniri ni akɛ tso fee, kɛ kaimɔ nibii krokomɛi babaoo yɛ Efeso Blema Nibii Atoohe ni yɔɔ Vienna lɛ.

Kɛ mɔ miishara shi yɛ blema nibii atoohe lɛ ni ena Efeso Artemi lɛ he amaga lɛ, ehaa blema Kristofoi ni hi shi yɛ Efeso lɛ atsuishiŋmɛɛ lɛ hesusumɔ baa ejwɛŋmɔ mli amrɔ nɔŋŋ. Ehe bahia ni amɛhi shi yɛ maŋtiase ni mumɔi atsɛmɔ eyi mli obɔ, ni jamɔŋ hetsɛ̃ ená emlibii lɛ anɔ hewalɛ waa lɛ mli. Artemi jálɔi lɛ kɛ hiɛdɔɔ te shi amɛshi Maŋtsɛyeli sanekpakpa lɛ. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 19:19; Efesobii 6:12; Kpojiemɔ 2:1-3) Atswa anɔkwa jamɔ ama shi yɛ shihilɛ ni naa wa nɛɛ po mli. Nakai nɔŋŋ hu anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ jamɔ baahi shi daa yɛ be mli ni akɛ apasa jamɔ ni yɔɔ wɔgbii nɛɛ amli lɛ eba naagbee taakɛ eba lɛ yɛ blema Artemi jamɔ lɛ gbɛfaŋ lɛ.—Kpojiemɔ 18:4-8.

[Shikpɔŋ he mfoniri/Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 26]

(Kɛ́ ootao ona bɔ ni saji nɛɛ ji diɛŋtsɛ lɛ, no lɛ kwɛmɔ wolo lɛ mli)

MAKEDONIA

Ŋshɔ Diŋ

ASIA BIBIOO

Efeso

Mediteranea Ŋshɔ

MIZRAIM

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 27]

Nibii ni shwɛ yɛ Artemi Sɔlemɔtsu lɛ hiɛ- kpatamɔ lɛ mli

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 28, 29]

1. Celsus Wojiatoohe

2. Arete

3. Marble Gbɛjegbɛ ni kã shi kɛyaa shwɛmɔhe wulu lɛ