‘Bakabikila bena tshipangu bonso’

MUAKUIDI munene ne bamfumu ba bena Yuda bakapanga tshia kuenza. Ntshinyi tshivuabu mua kuenza bua kujikija bualu bua Yezu Kristo buvua anu buenda butungunuka mu bantu ebu? Bakavua bashipe Yezu, kadi bayidi bende bakavua mpindieu buuje Yelushalema tente ne muyuki wa dibika diende ku lufu. Mmunyi muvuabu mua kubapuwisha? Bua kujikija bualu ebu, muakuidi munene ne bantu bavuaye nabu ‘bakabikila bena tshipangu bonso,’ peshi Sanedren, kabadi kanene ka bena Yuda.​—Bienzedi 5:21, MMM.

Tshikondo atshi mu Isalele, Ponto Pilato ngovena wa bena Lomo ke uvua mukokeshi munene. Kadi mmalanda kayi avua pankatshi pa bena tshipangu etshi ne Pilato? Bukenji bua Pilato buvua bushikidila penyi ne buabu buvua bubangila penyi? Tshipangu etshi tshivua tshienza ne banganyi? Ne mmushindu kayi uvuatshi tshienza mudimu?

Muakatuadija tshipangu etshi

Muaku wa tshiena-Greke udibu bakudimune ne: “tshipangu” (anyi Sanedren) udi umvuija “disomba ne.” Muaku eu pa tshibidilu uvua uleja tshisumbu anyi tshisangilu. Bilondeshile bena Yuda, uvua uleja misangu ya bungi kabadi anyi balumbuluishi ba malu a Nzambi.

Mu bidimu biakalonda kabutu ka Yelushalema mu 70 bikondo bietu ebi (B.B.), bakafunda mukanda wa Talmud. Bafundi ba mukanda eu bakaleja ne: tshipangu etshi tshivua mua kuikala tshia kale menemene. Bavua bela meji ne: tshivua tshienza anu ne bamanyi ba mikenji bavua bapetangana bua kukonkonona malu a mikenji ya bena Yuda, bamba kabidi ne: tshipangu etshi tshiakabangisha tshikondo tshivua Mose musangishe bakulu 70 bua kumuambuluishabu mu dilombola dia bena Isalele. (Nomba 11:16, 17) Kadi bamanyi ba malu a  kale kabena bitaba lungenyi elu to. Badi bamba bobu ne: too ne pakalua bena Pelasa kukokesha bena Isalele, kakuvua kuanji kuikala tshintu tshifuanangane ne tshipangu anyi tshilumbuluidi etshi tshia mu bidimu lukama bia kumpala to. Badi bamba kabidi ne: mushindu udi bena Talmud bangata kasumbu aka bu ka bantu badi balonge udi utamba kupetangana ne bipangu bia ba-rabbi bia mu bidimu bia 100 ne bia 200 B.B., kadi kawena upetangana ne tshipangu tshia mu bidimu 100 bia kumpala. Nunku, ndîba kayi diakalua kumueneka tshipangu etshi?

Bible udi uleja ne: bena Yuda bakumuka mu bupika mu Babulona mu 537 kumpala kua bikondo bietu ebi (K.B.B.), kupinganabu mu buloba buabu ne kulongolola malu a ditunga diabu. Bu mudi Nehemiya ne Ezela batela bantu banene, bakulu ne bakokeshi, bidi bimueneka pamuapa ne: ke ntuadijilu wa tshivua ne bua kulua tshilumbuluidi etshi pashishe.​—Ezela 10:8; Nehemiya 5:7.

Tshikondo tshia kubangila ku dijikija dia Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu too ne ku difunda dia Evanjeliyo wa Matayo tshivua tshikondo tshia ndululu bua bena Yuda. Mu 332 K.B.B., Aleksandre Munene wakakuata buloba bua Yudaya. Pakafua Aleksandre, buloba bua Yudaya buakaya mu bianza bia makalenge abidi a bena Greke avua mapatukile ku bukalenge bunene bua Aleksandre. Kumpala buakapitshila mu bianza bia ba Petolemeye, ne pashishe mu bianza bia ba Selewuku. Mu mikanda idi yakula bua bukokeshi bua ba SeIewuku buakatuadija mu 198 K.B.B., tudi tusangana muaba wa kumpala udibu bakula bua tshipangu tshia bena Yuda. Tshipangu etshi tshivua ne bukokeshi bukese, kadi tshivua tshipesha bena Yuda ndambu wa budikadidi bua kulombola malu a ditunga diabu.

Mu 167 K.B.B., Antiyokuse IV (Epifane) mukalenge wa ku ba Selewuku wakateta bua kuitabijija bena Yuda bilele bia bena Greke. Wakanyanga ntempelo wa mu Yelushalema pa kulambuila Zewuse ngulube pa tshioshelu tshia mu ntempelo. Bena Makabeye bakamutombokela bua bualu ebu, kumbukabu ku bukokeshi bua ba Selewuku ne kujadikabu bukokeshi bua bena Asmona. * Mu tshine tshikondo atshi, baskribe ne Bafalese (bamfumu ba misumba ya bantu bavua bakuatshishe buntomboji ebu) bakapeta bukokeshi bunene mu diludika dia ditunga kupita bakuidi.

Tshipangu etshi tshiakabanga kudiunda mushindu udibu batshileje mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Greke. Tshivua ne bua kulua pashishe tshisumbu tshia baludiki ba ditunga ne tshilumbuluidi tshinene tshivua tshiumvuija mikenji ya bena Yuda.

Diabanyangana dia bukokeshi

Mu bidimu lukama bia kumpala, Yudaya uvua ku bukokeshi bua bena Lomo. Kadi bena Yuda bavua ne budikadidi ndambu. Bena Lomo bavua balongolole malu nanku bua kupesha matunga avuabu bakokesha bukenji bua kudisunguila bulombodi bua ditunga diabu. Ke bua tshinyi bena Lomo kabavua bela dîyi mu malu avua tubadi tua mu matunga au tukosa, ne bavua bepuka bilumbu bivua mua kujuka bua dishilangana dia bilele bia bantu. Lungenyi luvua lua ne: bantu ba mu maloba avua ku bukokeshi buabu bikale mu ditalala ne balamate bukokeshi bua Lomo, eku babanyishila bua bikale balonda bilele biabu bobu bine ne balombola malu a ditunga diabu. Bena Lomo bavua bateka ne bumbusha muakuidi munene (uvua muikale mfumu wa Sanedren) ne balambuisha bitadi. Kadi pa kumbusha malu au, bena Lomo bavua bela  dîyi mu malu a bena Yuda anu pavuabi bikengela kuenza nanku bua kulama bukokeshi buabu ne bipatshila biabu. Anu mutudi tumona mu mushindu wakalumbuluishabu Yezu, bidi bimueneka ne: bena Lomo bavua balame bukenji bua kukosela muntu tshibawu tshia lufu.​—Yone 18:31.

Nunku bena tshipangu etshi bavua batangila nangananga malu a bena Yuda. Bavua ne babu basalayi bavua bakuata bantu. (Yone 7:32) Tubadi tupuekele tuvua tukosa bilumbu bikese bivua bijuka mu bantu, bena Lomo kabayi belamu dîyi. Pavua tubadi tupuekele etu katuyi tufika ku dikosa tshilumbu, bavua baya natshi ku Sanedren, ne nunku mushindu uvua tshilumbuluidi etshi tshiamba ke uvua tshilumbu ne bua kujika.

Bua bena tshipangu kushalabu ne bukokeshi buabu ebu, bavua ne bua kuenza bua bantu bikale mu ditalala ne kukuatshisha bukokeshi bua bena Lomo. Kadi pavua bena Lomo bamona malu mabi avua mafuane kuenzeka mu bulombodi bua ditunga, bavua babuelamu ne benza tshivuabu bamona ne: ke tshivua tshikengela kuenza. Bualu bua nunku buakenzeka pakakuatabu mupostolo Paulo.​—Bienzedi 21:31-40.

Bua kuikala muena mu tshipangu etshi

Tshipangu etshi tshivua tshienza ne bantu 71: muakuidi munene ne bantu banene 70 ba mu ditunga. Mu bikondo bia bena Lomo, tshivua tshienza ne bakuidi banene (nangananga Basadoke), ne bantu bakuabu bavua ne mianzu minene, ne baskribe bavua balonge tulasa tua bungi ba mu tshisumbu tshia Bafalese. Bakuidi bena biuma bavua ne bukokeshi bua bungi mu kabadi kanene aku bua diambuluisha dia bantu banene bavua bamanyike. * Basadoke bavua balamate bikole malu a kabukulu, kadi Bafalese bobu bavua bitaba ngenyi mipiamipia, ne bavua ne buenzeji bua bungi mu bantu. Bilondeshile Josèphe mufundi wa malu a kale, Basadoke kabavua batamba kutumikila malu avua Bafalese balomba to. Paulo wakababidila difuilakana divua pankatshi pa bisumbu ebi ne dishilangana dia malu avuabu balongesha pakalumbululaye mu tshipangu atshi.​—Bienzedi 23:6-9.

Bena tshipangu ba bungi bavua bantu banene, bienza pamuapa bua ne: muntu uvua ushala muenamu kashidi. Nunku muntu uvua ufua anyi katshiyi ukumbana bavua bamupingana kudi mukuabu uvuabu basungula kudi bena tshipangu bakuabu. Bilondeshile mukanda wa Mishnah, bantu bapiabapia aba bavua ne bua kuikala “bakuidi, bena Lewi anyi bena Isalele bavua ne bana ba bakaji bavuabu mua kuanyishila bakuidi bua kusela,” mbuena kuamba ne: bena Yuda bavua mua kujadika ku dilondolola dia bankambua babu ne: bavua ndelanganyi ya bantu bakezuke. Bu muvua kabadi kanene aku katangila tubadi tua ditunga dijima, bantu bavua bende lumu mu tubadi tupuekele bavua bababandisha mianzu pavuabu babapesha muaba mu tshilumbuluidi atshi.

Bukokeshi buvuabu nabu ne kuvuabu bushikidila

Bena Yuda bavua banemeka bikole benatshipangu atshi, ne banzuji ba mu tubadi tupuekele bavua ne bua kulonda tshivuabu bamba, tshianana bavua mua kubakosela tshibawu tshia lufu. Tshipangu atshi tshivua tshitangila nangananga mushindu wa kulongesha bakuidi ne malu a mu Yelushalema, a ntempelo uvuamu, ne a ntendelelu muine uvuabu benzelamu. Bua kuamba bimpe, bena tshipangu bavua batangila anu malu avua enzeka mu Yudaya. Kadi bu muvuabu bangata tshipangu atshi bu tshivua ne bukokeshi ku mutu kua bionso mu diumvuija dia Mikenji, tshivua ne bukokeshi mu malu a nsombelu wa bena Yuda ba buloba bujima. Tshilejilu, muakuidi munene ne bena diende bakatumina balombodi ba nsunagoga ya ku Damaseke mêyi bua kubatuishabu maboko mu dikuata dia bayidi ba Kristo. (Bienzedi 9:1, 2; 22:4, 5; 26:12) Bia muomumue, bena Yuda bavua baya ku Yelushalema bua mafesto bavua bapingana pamuapa kumabu ne imue mikenji ivua bena tshipangu atshi bele.

Bilondeshile mukanda wa Mishnah, anu tshipangu etshi ke tshivua ne bukenji bua kutangila malu manene a ditunga, malu a balumbuluishi bavua kabayi balonda mikenji yatshi, ne dilumbuluisha baprofete ba dishima. Bakafunda Yezu ne Stefano ku tshilumbuluidi atshi ne: bavua bapende Nzambi; Petelo ne Yone ne: bavua batombola ditunga dijima; ne Paulo pende ne: uvua unyanga ntempelo.​—Mâko 14:64; Bienzedi 4:15-17; 6:11; 23:1; 24:6.

Mushindu uvuabu balumbuluishe Yezu ne bayidi bende

Pa kumbusha matuku a Nsabatu ne makuabu a dikisha, bena tshipangu etshi bavua badisangisha  matuku onso mu tshilumbuluilu kubangila ku mulambu wa mu dinda too ne ku mulambu wa dilolo. Kadi bavua balumbuluisha bantu anu mu mêba a mu munya. Bu muvuabu kabayi ne bua kukosela muntu tshibawu tshia lufu too ne pavua butuku butshia, kabavua batangila bilumbu bia mushindu eu dia muladilu wa Nsabatu anyi wa dituku dia difesto nansha. Bavua bakoka bantemu matshi bikole bua kubaleja muvua kuela mashi a muntu udi kayi ne bualu panshi kuikale bualu bubi butambe. Ke bualu kayi, dilumbuluisha Yezu butuku butuku kua Kayafa dia muladilu wa dituku dia difesto ne dimukosela tshibawu kadivua dilonde mikenji to. Ne bualu bubi butambe, balumbuluishi abu bakadikebela bobu nkayabu bantemu ba dishima ne kusakabu Pilato bua kushipesha Yezu.​—Matayo 26:57-59; Yone 11:47-53; 19:31.

Mukanda wa Talmud udi wamba ne: bakoshi ba bilumbu bivua mua kufikisha muntu ku dishipibua bavua benza muabu muonso bua kupandisha muntu uvuabu bafunde au mu dikonkonona bimpe bimpe bijadiki bivuaku. Kadi kabakalumbuluisha Stefano mushindu au to, anu bu muvuabi bua Yezu kumpala kuende. Mushindu wakadilumbuluila Stefano mu tshipangu atshi wakafikisha bantu ku dimushipa ne mabue. Bu kabiyi bua basalayi bena Lomo, bavua mua kuikala bashipe mupostolo Paulo mushindu wa muomumue. Balumbuluishi ba mu tshipangu atshi bakela mene tshifufu bua kumushipa.​—Bienzedi 6:12; 7:58; 23:6-15.

Kadi bena mu tshipangu bakese bavua bamueneka bantu bakane bavua balonda mikenji. Nsongalume mubanji mukuabu wakayikila ne Yezu uvua mua kuikala muena Sanedren. Nansha muvua bubanji buende bumupangishe bua kuya kumpala, uvua mua kuikala ne ngikadilu mimpe bualu Yezu wakamubikila bua yeye kulua muyidi wende.​—Matayo 19:16-22; Luka 18:18, 22.

Nikodemo, “umue wa ku banene ba bena Yuda,” uvua utshina tshivua balumbuluishi nende mua kuamba, ke kuluaye kuyikila ne Yezu pakavua panshi pafiike. Kadi Nikodemo wakakuila Yezu kumpala kua bena tshipangu atshi pakakonkaye ne: “Diyi dietu ditu dipisha muntu kayi mulumbulule, kabayi bamanye tshidiye muenze anyi?” Pashishe Nikodemo wakafila “manananshi a mire ne alowe bisambakaja” bua kulongololabu tshitalu tshia Yezu bua kumujika.​—Yone 3:1, 2; 7:51, 52; 19:39, MMM.

Yosefe wa ku Alimataya, mukuabu muena tshipangu atshi, wakapeta dikima dia kulomba Pilato tshitalu tshia Yezu ne kuya kutshiela mu lukita lupialupia lukavuaye mumbule. Yosefe uvua ‘mutekemene bukalenge bua Nzambi,’ kadi kavua usua kudimanyisha bu muyidi wa Yezu bualu uvua utshina bena Yuda. Nansha nanku, Yosefe uvua muntu muimpe bualu kakitaba dîyi divua bena tshipangu basuike bua kushipa Yezu.​—Mâko 15:43-46; Matayo 27:57-60; Luka 23:50-53; Yone 19:38.

Muena tshipangu mukuabu diende Gamaliele wakapesha balumbuluishi nende mubelu wa meji bua balekele bayidi ba Yezu, kubambilaye ne: patupu ‘nebanusangane nuluisha Nzambi mvita.’ (Bienzedi 5:34-39) Ntshinyi tshivua tshipangishe bena ku tshilumbuluidi atshi bua kuitaba ne: Nzambi ke uvua ukuatshisha Yezu ne bayidi bende? Pamutu pa kuitaba bishima bivua Yezu wenza, balumbuluishi abu bavua belangana meji ne: ‘Muntu eu udi wenza bimanyinu bia bungi, netuenze tshinyi? Bituamulekela patupu, bantu bonso nebamuitabuje; bena Lomo nebalue, nebanyenge muaba wetu ne tshisamba tshietu.’ (Yone 11:47, 48) Dijinga dikole dia kuikala amu ne bukokeshi diakanyanga dilumbulula diakane dia bena kabadi kanene aka ka bena Yuda. Bia muomumue, pamutu pa kusanka pavua bayidi ba Yezu bondopa bantu, balombodi ba bitendelelu ‘bavua buule tente ne mukawu.’ (Bienzedi 5:17) Bu muvuabu balumbuluishi, bavua ne bua kuikala batshina Nzambi ne balonda buakane, kadi ba bungi ba kudibu bakavua banyanguke ne kabatshiyi balonda bululame.​—Ekesode 18:21; Dutelonome 16:18-20.

Dilumbuluisha dia Nzambi

Bu muakabenga tshisamba tshia Isalele bua kutumikila Mikenji ya Nzambi ne kubenga Masiya, Yehowa pende wakalua kutshibenga bu tshisamba tshiende tshisungula. Mu 70 B.B., bena Lomo bakabutula tshimenga tshia Yelushalema ne ntempelo uvuamu, kujikijabu nunku bualu bua ndongoluelu mujima wa malu wa bena Yuda ne bua Sanedren muine.

Yehowa mmuteke Yezu Kristo Mulumbuluishi. Yeye ke udi mumanye ni kudi bamue bena tshipangu atshi tshia mu bidimu lukama bia kumpala badi bakanyine dibishibua ne mbanganyi ba munkatshi muabu bavua bapende nyuma muimpe. (Mâko 3:29; Yone 5:22) Tuikale batuishibue ne: mu ditangila malu a bantu abu, Yezu neabalumbuluishe ne buakane buonso.​—Yeshaya 11:3-5.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]