Balitemenwe Icebo Ca Kwa Lesa

IFITABO ifilanda pa fintu fyacindama ilingi balafipilibula ukufitwala mu ndimi ishingi pa kuti abantu abengi balebelenga ifyabamo no kufishiba. Mu Baibolo, iyaba Cebo ca kwa Lesa, mwaba ifyebo ifyacindama. Nangu ca kuti Baibolo bailembele kale sana, ifyabamo “fyalembelwe ku kutufunda” kabili filatusansamusha no kutupeela isubilo.—Abena Roma 15:4.

Kanshi e mulandu wine Baibolo umwaba ifyebo ifyacindamisha, ifwile ukupilibulwa mu ndimi ishingi. Ukufuma fye kale, abantu balebombesha ukupilibula Baibolo nangu ca kuti balelwalilila, balebakanya ku buteko, nangu fye ukubatiinya ukuti balabepaya. Mulandu nshi? Pantu balitemenwe Icebo ca kwa Lesa. Amalyashi twalalandapo nomba yalatwafwa ukwishibako fimo pa fyo cali pa kupilibula Baibolo.

“AbaNgeleshi Kuti Basambilila Bwino Amafunde ya kwa Kristu nga Baleyasambilila mu CiNgeleshi”

Ilyo John Wycliffe afyelwe nalimo mu 1330, mu macalici ya ku England balelanda iciLatini pa kupepesha. Nomba abantu abengi balelanda fye iciNgeleshi ilyo balelanshanya na banabo. Ilyo balelanshanya na bena mupalamano balelanda iciNgeleshi, e lyo na pa kupepa kuli Lesa balepepa mu ciNgeleshi.

Wycliffe, uwali shimapepo mu Katolika, alishibe sana iciLatini. Nomba umwine aleti tacaweme ukulalanda iciLatini pa kusambilisha ifya mu Baibolo, pantu aleti abengi abalelanda ici citundu bali ni bashimucindikwa. Alembele ati: “Pa kusambilisha abantu amafunde ya kwa Lesa, tufwile ukulanda ululimi ulo bengomfwikisha, pantu ico tulesambilisha cebo ca kwa Lesa.” E fyo Wycliffe na banankwe bapangile akalibumba ka kupilibula Baibolo mu ciNgeleshi. Babombele imyaka nalimo 20 pa kuti bapilibule iyi Baibolo.

Ba Katolika tabalefwaya ukuti kube Baibolo mu lulimi na lumbi. Icitabo icitila The Mysteries  of Vatican cilondolola ico bashatemenwe, citila: “Ukupilibula Baibolo kwalengele abantu ukulalinganya amasambililo ya-anguka aya Bena Kristu ba kubalilapo ne fyo ba Katolika balesambilisha . . . Calimoneke fye apabuuta ukuti amasambililo ya watendeke ubuKristu yalipusene sana na ya waisonta umwine ukuba inkonkani yakwe [e kutila papa].”

Papa Gregory XI alandile ifintu fisano ifya kusuusha Wycliffe. Lelo uyu kapilibula tabwelele inuma iyo. Aaswike uyu papa ati: “AbaNgeleshi kuti basambilila bwino amafunde ya kwa Kristu nga baleyasambilila mu ciNgeleshi. Mose aumfwile amafunde ya kwa Lesa mu lulimi lwakwe, kabili e fyo cali na ku batumwa ba kwa Kristu.” Mu 1382, ilyo fye Wycliffe ashilafwa, akalibumba kakwe kafumishe Baibolo ya kubalilapo mu ciNgeleshi. Ilyo papitile imyaka 10, umo uwalebomba na Wycliffe afumishe Baibolo imbi iyo apitulwikemo, umwali iciNgeleshi ica-anguka.

Apo ilya nshita takwali fimashini fya kupulintilako, balingile ukukopolola bwino bwino iciputulwa cimo na cimo ica mu Baibolo ku minwe kabili uyu wali mulimo uwakosa nga nshi uwalesenda imyeshi nangu 10! Nomba bashimapepo tabatemenwe ukutila abantu balekwata amaBaibolo, e ico shikofu umo aebele abantu ukuti uo bali no kusanga alebelenga Baibolo bali no kumutamfya mu calici. Ilyo papitile imyaka 40 apo Wycliffe afwilile, akabungwe ka kwa papa katumine abantu aba kushula amafupa yakwe kabili baliyocele no kupoosa imito mu mumana wa Swift. Lelo abantu abalefwaisha ukusambilila icine bena balefwaya Baibolo iyo Wycliffe apilibwile. Umwaume umo uwasambilila sana William M. Blackburn, atile: “Baibolo ya kwa Wycliffe bali-ikopolwele no kupanga amakope ayengi kabili balipeele abantu abengi, ica kuti na bana kukula balishileyasanga.”

Baibolo ya Bashasambilila Sana

Ilyo papitile imyaka 200, abantu balilekele ukulanda iciNgeleshi nga cilya Wycliffe abomfeshe pa kupilibula Baibolo. Shimapepo umulumendo uwaleikala mupepi na ku Bristol tatemenwe ukuti abantu fye abanono e baleumfwa ifyaba mu Baibolo. Inshita imo, uyu shimapepo, William Tyndale, aumfwile uko umuntu uwasambilila sana aleti kuti cawamapo ukwikala ukwabula amafunde ya kwa Lesa ukucila ukwikala ukwabula amafunde ya kwa papa. Tyndale atile nga ca kuti Lesa amusuminisha, ali no kucitapo cimo bwangu bwangu pa kuti abantu abashasambilila sana bakeshibe ifingi ifyaba muli Baibolo ukucila na basambilila.

Pa kupilibula Baibolo, Wycliffe abomfeshe Baibolo iyo beta ati Vulgate iya mu ciLatini kabili akopolwele Amalembo ku minwe fye. Mu 1524, Tyndale, ninshi alifuma ku England no kuya ku Germany, atendeke ukupilibula Baibolo mu ciNgeleshi ukufuma mu ciHebere ne ciGriki kabili alipile aba mu musumba wa Cologne ukuti bapulinte amaBaibolo. Abalwani ba kwa Tyndale balyumfwile ukuti alepilibula Baibolo kabili baebele abalashi ba mu musumba wa Cologne ukuti bapoke amaBaibolo yonse ayo apilibwile.

Tyndale abutukile ku musumba wa Worms, mu Germany, no kukonkanyapo umulimo wakwe. Tapapitile sana ne nshita, amaBaibolo Tyndale apilibwile aya Amalembo ya ciGriki mu ciNgeleshi baliyatumine ku England mu  bumfisolo. Ilyo papitile imyeshi 6 ninshi balishitisha amaBaibolo ayengi nga nshi, bashimapepo balilongene mu kampampa no kulanda pali uyu mulandu kabili bafumishe icipope ca kuti abantu balingile ukoca amaBaibolo yonse ayo bakwete.

Pa kuti baleshe abantu ukubelenga Baibolo no kucilikila ico abene balemona ukuti kupondoka kwa kwa Tyndale, shikofu wa mu London aebele Sir Thomas More ukulemba amalyashi ayabi pali Tyndale. Cimo icakalifye sana More ca kuti Tyndale alebomfya ishiwi lya kuti “icilonganino” ukucila ukubomfya ilya kuti “icalici,” kabili alebomfya ishiwi lya kuti “umukalamba” nelyo “eluda” ukucila ilya kuti “shimapepo.” Aya mashiwi yalengele abantu baletwishika amaka papa akwata e lyo no bupusano bwaba pali bashimapepo e lyo na bantuuntu fye. Uyu Thomas More na kabili atile Tyndale talingile ukupilibula ishiwi lya ciGriki ilya kuti a·gaʹpe ati “ukutemwa” lelo alingile ukulipilibula ati “ubwafwilisho.” Icitabo ca If God Spare My Life, citila: “Icalici talyatemenwe filya apilibwile ili ishiwi pantu ici cali no kulenga abantu ukukanatuula sana umutuulo, uo abantu baletuula pa kuti papa alebelela imembu, e lyo kabili abantu tabali no kulashiila icalici ulupiya nga bafwa, pantu ifi e fyo aba cishinka balebeba ukucita pa kuti bengapokelelwa ku muulu.”

Thomas More ale-eba abantu ukoca abo alemona ukuti ni bacipondoka, kabili ici calengele ukuti Tyndale bamukulike no koca umubili wakwe pa cimuti, mu October 1536. Thomas More na o balimuputwileko umutwe ilyo akalifye imfumu umutima. Lelo mu 1935, Icalici lya Roma Katolika lyatile More ali mutakatifu, kabili mu mwaka wa 2000, Papa John Paul II alumbilishe ukuti mutakatifu uwaleafwilisha bakateka.

Tyndale ena tabamucindikepo iyo. Nomba ilyo ashilafwa, umunankwe Miles Coverdale alibikile pamo ifiputulwa fyonse ifyo Tyndale apilibwile no kupangamo Baibolo iyo babalilepo ukupilibula mu ciNgeleshi ukufuma mu ciHebere ne ciGriki! Pali iyi nshita nomba na bashasambilila bonse fye bali no kulabelenga no kumfwa Icebo ca kwa Lesa. Nomba cali no kuba shani ku maBaibolo ya mu ndimi shimbi?

“Umulimo Walemoneka Uwa-afya Nga Nshi”

Mishonari umwina Britain, Robert Morrison, uwalefwaisha ukupilibula Baibolo mu ciChinese, aile ku China mu 1807 nangu ca kuti balupwa lwakwe ne fibusa balimuleseshe. Umulimo ali no kubomba uwa kupilibula Baibolo tawa-angwike. Charles Grant, uwali umukalamba mu kampani ako baleita ati East India Company ilya nshita atile: “Uyu mulimo walemoneka uwa-afya nga nshi pa mulandu wa mafya ayaliko.”

Ilyo Morrison afikile, asangile ukuti abena China balibaleseshe ukusambilisha bambi ululimi lwabo kabili uo bali no kusanga alesambilisha umbi bali no kumwipaya. Pa kuti Morrison aicingilile e lyo no kucingilila abasumine ukumusambilisha iciChinese, talefumina pa nse. Icitabo cimo citila “ilyo asambilile pa myaka ibili, atendeke  ukulanda iciMandarin kabili alelanda ne ndimi shimbi isha ku China kabili alishibe no kubelenga no kulemba” iciMandarin. Pali iyi ine nshita, kateka wa ici calo afumishe ifunde lya kuti umuntu uwasangwa alepulinta amabuuku ya Bena Kristu balingile ukumwipaya. Nangu ca kuti kwali ili ifunde, Morrison alipwishishe ukupilibula Baibolo yonse mu ciChinese pa 25 November mu 1819.

Mu 1836, ninshi balipulinta amaBaibolo 2,000 aya ciChinese ayakwete amalembo yonse, e lyo balipulintile na maBaibolo 10,000 umwali fye amalembo ya ciGriki, na makope 31,000 aya mabuuku yamo aya mu Baibolo. Ukutemwa Icebo ca kwa Lesa kwalengele ukuti “umulimo walemoneka uwa-afya nga nshi” ubombeke.

Ukubika Baibolo Muli Pilo

Ilyo papitile imilungu ibili apo mishonari umwina America, Adoniram Judson, no mwina mwakwe, Ann, baupanine mu February 1812, baimine ulwendo ulutali, no kuyaikala mu Burma mu 1813. * Ilyo fye bafikile balitendeke ukusambilila ululimi lwa ku Burma ulo beta ati iciBurmese, ululimi ulwa-afya sana ukusambilila. Ilyo basambilile pa myaka iinono, Judson alembele ati: “Tulesambilila ululimi ulo abantu bekala ukutali ne calo cesu balanda, abatontonkanya ifyapusana sana ne fyo tutontonkanya . . . Tatwakwata icitabo ca kutulondolwela amashiwi, nangu umuntu uwa kutupilibwilako pa kuti twishibe ifyo aba bantu balanda.”

Aya amafya tayalengele Judson ukuleka ukusambilila ulu lulimi. Apwishishe ukupilibula Amalembo ya Bena Kristu aya ciGriki mu ciBurmese mu June 1823. Pa numa, mu Burma mwaimine inkondo. Judson balemutunganya ati ali ni nengu, e co bamupoosele mu cifungo, bamubika mu makusu ayo bakakiile ku mulando uutali pa kuti elaenda. Mu citabo Francis Wayland alembele mu 1853 umo alelanda pali Judson, atile: “Ilyo Judson no mukashi babasuminishe ukumonana no kulanshanya mu ciNgeleshi, ico Judson abalilepo ukwipusha, malembo ya Cipangano Cipya ayo apilibwile.” Apo iyi Baibolo baishikile mu ng’anda, Ann aletiina ukuti yali no konaika ku mutonshi, e ico aibikile muli pilo no kutwalila umulume wakwe mu cifungo. Nangu ca kuti kwali amafya yonse aya, Baibolo yena tabayonawile.

Ilyo Judson aikele imyeshi iingi mu cifungo, balimufumishe. Lelo tapakokwele, kwalicitike ica bulanda na cimbi. Muli uyu wine mwaka, Ann alilwele sana kabili pa numa ya milungu fye iinono alifwile. Ilyo papitile fye imyeshi 6, umwana wakwe umwanakashi, Maria, uwali fye ne myaka ibili, na o alifwile ku bulwele ubushipola. Nangu ca kuti Judson ali no bulanda nga nshi, alitwalilile umulimo wakwe. Apwishishe ukupilibula Baibolo yonse mu 1835.

Bushe Mwalitemwa Icebo ca kwa Lesa?

Ukutula fye na kale abantu balitemwa Icebo ca kwa Lesa nge fyo na aba bakapilibula bacitemenwe. Umwina Israele uwa kale, uwalembeleko amalumbo aimbile Yehova Lesa ati: “Amafunde yenu naliyatemwa icine cine! Akasuba konse e yo ntontonkanyapo.” (Amalumbo 119:97) Baibolo citabo icisuma sana, lelo mwaba na mashiwi ayacindama. Bushe mulalanga ukuti mwalitemwa Icebo ca kwa Lesa pa kulacibelenga lyonse? Nga ca kuti mulabelenga Icebo ca kwa Lesa lyonse no kubombesha ukukonka ifyo musambilila, mukaba ‘aba nsansa ilyo mulecita ifi fine.’—Yakobo 1:25.

[Futunoti]

[Amashiwi pe bula 8]

“AbaNgeleshi kuti basambilila bwino amafunde ya kwa Kristu nga baleyasambilila mu ciNgeleshi.”—JOHN WYCLIFFE

[Ifikope pe bula 9]

William Tyndale ne bula lya muli Baibolo iyo beta ati Tyndale Bible

[Abatusuminishe]

Tyndale: From the book The Evolution of the English Bible

[Ifikope pe bula 10]

Robert Morrison na Baibolo iyo apilibwile mu ciChinese

[Abatusuminishe]

In the custody of the Asian Division of the Library of Congress

Robert Morrison, engraved by W. Holl, from The National Portrait Gallery Volume IV, published c.1820 (litho), Chinnery, George (1774-1852) (after)/Private Collection/Ken Welsh/The Bridgeman Art Library International

[Ifikope pe bula 11]

Adoniram Judson na Baibolo apilibwile mu ciBurmese

[Abatusuminishe]

Judson: Engraving by John C. Buttre/Dictionary of American Portraits/Dover

[Abatumtuminishe Ukubofya Ifikope Fili pe bula 8]

Wycliffe: From the book The History of Protestantism (Vol. I); Bible: Courtesy of the American Bible Society Library, New York