Kodi Mukudziwa?

N’chifukwa Chiyani Asilikali Achiroma Anasirira Malaya Amkati a Yesu?

Asilikali anayi omwe anapachika Yesu pamtengo anang’amba ndi gawana zovala zake. Koma lemba la Yohane 19:23 limafotokoza kuti malaya amkati omwe Yesu anavala “analibe msoko, anali owombedwa kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi.” Choncho, asilikaliwo anagwirizana kuti asawang’ambe koma achite mayere kuti apeze munthu amene angawatenge. Komano kodi malaya amenewa anali opangidwa motani?

Kalelo, chovala chimene chinkatchedwa kuti malaya amkati chinali mkanjo wa nsalu yopangidwa ndi thonje kapena ubweya wankhosa. Mkanjowu unkakhala wofika m’maondo kapena m’mapazi. Popanga mkanjo woterewu, ankalumikiza nsalu ziwiri zofanana ndipo ankasoka mbali zake zitatu n’kusiya potulukira manja ndiponso potulukira mutu.

Buku lina linafotokoza za mikanjo imene inkapangidwa mofananirako ndi mkanjo umene tafotokozawu ndipo inali yokwera mtengo. Bukulo linati: “Mikanjoyi inkapangidwa ndi nsalu imodzi yokha yaitali yomwe ankaipinda pakati, kuilumikiza m’bali mwake n’kuboola potulukira mutu ndipo kenako ankaminika m’khosi mwake.”​—Jesus and His World.

Koma mkanjo umene Yesu anavala unali wopanda msoko ndipo mikanjo yotereyi inkapangidwa ku Palesitina kokha. Popanga mikanjoyi, ankagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera zowombera nsalu. Zipangizozi zinkakhala ndi ulusi wopingasa ndipo wina unkachokera kumbuyo pomwe wina unkachokera kutsogolo kwa chithabwa chopingasa. Buku lina limafotokoza kuti munthu wopanga mkanjowu ankaluka ulusi wopingasawo mozungulira “n’kupanga mkanjo.” Choncho zikuoneka kuti mikanjo yopanda msoko inali yokwera mtengo kwambiri ndiponso yosowa. N’chifukwa chake asilikali aja anasirira kwambiri mkanjo wa Yesu.

Kodi Aisiraeli ankachita ulimi wa njuchi?

Malemba Achiheberi amasonyeza kuti Mulungu analonjeza Aisiraeli kuti adzawalowetsa “m’dziko moyenda mkaka ndi uchi ngati madzi.” (Eksodo 3:8) Zikuoneka kuti nthawi zambiri Malemba akamanena za uchi, amakhala akunena za uchi wa njuchi zakutchire, osati zoweta. Ndipo Baibulo silinena chilichonse chosonyeza kuti Aisiraeli ankachita ulimi wa njuchi. Komabe, posachedwapa akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale apeza umboni wosonyeza kuti Aisiraeli ankachita “ulimi wa njuchi.” Umboni umenewu anaupeza mu bwinja limene lili m’chigwa cha Bet She’an, m’dziko la Israel.

Akatswiri enanso a pa yunivesite inayake ku Jerusalem (University of Jerusalem’s Institute of Archaeology) apeza bwinja la malo omwe ankasungiramo ming’oma ya njuchi, m’dera la Tel Rehov. Ming’omayi ndi ya m’zaka zoyambira m’ma 900 B.C.E. mpaka m’zaka za kumayambiriro kwa 800 B.C.E. Ndipo m’zaka zimenezi m’pamene ufumu wa Isiraeli unayamba. Aka n’koyamba kuti ming’oma ya njuchi yakale kwambiri ipezeke ku Middle East. Anthu ena akuganiza kuti kumalowa ankasungirako ming’oma pafupifupi 100 yomwe anaiyala m’mizere italiitali ndipo ankaisanjikiza itatuitatu.

Lipoti la akatswiri omwe anapeza malowa linati mng’oma uliwonse “unaumbidwa ndi dongo ndipo unali wozungulira ngati mgolo. Komanso mng’oma uliwonse unali wautali masentimita 80 m’litali ndiponso masentimita 40 kukamwa kwake. . . . Akatswiri a ulimi wa njuchi ndiponso akatswiri a maphunziro omwe anapita kukaona bwinjali amakhulupirira kuti ming’oma yomwe inali pamalowa inkatha kutulutsa uchi wolemera theka la tani chaka chilichonse.”

[Chithunzi patsamba 22]

Bwinja la ku Tel Rehov

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Institute of Archaeology/​Hebrew University © Tel Rehov Excavations