Kasi Mukumanya?

Kasi mazina gha pa vidindo vya dongo vya mu nyengo yakale, ghakuyana wuli na agho ghakuzunulika mu Baibolo?

▪ Mu nyengo yakale, awo ŵakalembanga vikalata vya boma ŵakavizinganga na kukaka kacingwe pakati, ndipo ŵakatoranga bulunga la dongo lakunyewa na kuŵika pa findo na kudindapo cidindo. Ŵakadindangapo cidindo pa dongo ili kuti ŵasayine, kucitira ukaboni, panji kulongora kuti vikalata ivi vikaŵa vyakuzomerezgeka nadi na boma.

Nyengo zinyake vimanyikwiro vya pa vidindo vikaŵangaso pa mphete ndipo mphete izi ŵakazizirwiskanga comene. (Genesis 38:18; Esther 8:8; Yeremiya 32:44) Kanandi cidindo cikaŵanga na zina la mweneko, udindo wake, ndiposo zina la ŵawiske.

Awo ŵakusandasanda ŵasanga vidindo vinandi vya mu nyengo yakale. Vinyake mwa vidindo ivi vili na mazina gha ŵanthu awo ŵakuzunulika mu Baibolo. Mwaciyelezgero, nkhwantha izo zikufukura vinthu vyakale zasanga vidindo ivyo zikugomezga kuti vikaŵa vya mathemba ghaŵiri gha caru ca Yuda. Cidindo cinyake cili na mazgu ghakuti: “Ncha Ahazi [mwana wa] Yohatamu [Jotamu], Themba la Yuda.” Cinyake cikuti: “Ncha Hezekiya [mwana wa] Ahazi, Themba la Yuda.” (2 Mathemba 16:1, 20) Ahazi na Hezekiya ŵakawusa mu vilimika vya m’ma 700 B.C.E.

Nkhwantha zasanda vimanyikwiro vinandi vya pa vidindo ivyo zikugomezga kuti vikaŵa vya ŵanthu awo ŵakuyowoyeka mu Baibolo. Vinyake mwa vidindo ivi ni vya ŵanthu awo ŵakuzunulika mu buku la Yeremiya, nga ni Baruki (mulembi wa Yeremiya) Gemariya (“mwana wa Shafani”), Yerameli (“mwana wa themba”), Yukali (“mwana wa Shelemiya”), na Seraya (mbali wa Baruki).—Yeremiya 32:12; 36:4, 10, 26; 38:1; 51:59.

Kasi mu Baibolo nyengo yikupendeka wuli?

▪ Mu Malemba Ghacihebere muli mazgu ghakuti “macerocero” panji kuti mulenji, “muhanyapakati,” ndiposo “mise.” (Genesis 24:11; Duteronome 28:29; 1 Mathemba 18:26) Mu nyengo yakale, Ŵahebere ŵakagaŵanga usiku mu maulinda ghatatu, ndipo ulinda uliwose ukaŵanga na maora ghanayi, kweni pamanyuma ŵakatolera Ŵagiriki na Ŵaroma na kwamba kugaŵa usiku mu maulinda ghanayi. Yesu wakatolera kapendero ka Ŵagiriki na Ŵaroma, apo wakati: “Muŵenge maso, pakuti mukumanya cara apo mweneko wa nyumba wakwizira, kwali mise para kwafipa panji usiku pakati panji para tambala wakulira panji mulenjilenji.” (Mariko 13:35) Ulinda wa “mise para kwafipa” ukambanga para zuŵa lanjira mpaka 9 koloko usiku. Ulinda waciŵiri ukamaranga usiku pakati, ndipo wacitatu uwo ni “para tambala wakulira” ukamaranga ca m’ma 3 koloko mulenji. Ulinda waumaliro, ukamaranga para dazi lafuma. Apo Yesu wakendanga pa nyanja ya Galileya, yikaŵa nyengo ya “ulinda wa cinayi wa usiku.”—Mateyu 14:23-26.

Mu Malemba Ghacigiriki, lizgu lakuti “ora” likwimira ora lililose kufuma para dazi lafuma kuzakafika para lanjira. (Yohane 11:9) Pakuti nyengo ya kafumiro na kanjiliro ka dazi yikapambananga mu cilimika, kanandi ŵakazunuranga nyengo yeneko yayi, mwaciyelezgero ŵakayowoyanga kuti “pafupifupi pa ora lacinkhondi na cimoza.”—Milimo 10:9.

[Cithuzithuzi pa peji 15]

Vidindo vya Dongo ivyo Pali Mazina gha Hezekiya na Ahazi (Capanthazi) Ndipo Panji ca Baruki (Cakumayuma)

[Kulongosora Vithuzithuzi]

Cakumanyuma: Courtesy of Israel Museum, Jerusalem

Cakunthazi: www.BibleLandPictures .com / Alamy

[Cithuzithuzi pa peji 15]

Cakupimira Nyengo mu Nyengo ya Muwuso Wa Ŵaroma (27 B.C.E.-476 C.E.)

[Kulongosora Cithuzithuzi]

© Gerard Degeorge/​The Bridgeman Art Library International