Ni Lilali Baibolo Bailembele?

Baibolo citabo icaibela. Abantu ukucila pali 3 bilioni bamona Baibolo ukuti citabo ica mushilo. Abafwailisha batila Baibolo e citabo ico abantu bashita sana. Amakope ya ma Baibolo ayo basabankanya mu ndimi 2,400 kuti yafika kuli 6 bilioni. Mu ndimi shimo bali-ipilibula yonse e lyo muli shimbi bapilibulako fye Amalembo ya ciGriki.

NANGU ca kuti Baibolo e citabo ico abantu abengi babelenga ukutula na kale, kwalibako abantu abalanda ifyapusanapusana pa nshita bailembele, maka maka pa nshita balembele Amalembo ya ciHebere, ayo ilingi beta ukuti Icipingo ca Kale. Nalimo mwalibelengapo amamagazini ne fitabo, nelyo mwalitambapo abasoma balelanda pali ili lyashi pa TV. Moneni ifyo bamo balandapo.

▪ “Amalyashi ya mu Baibolo ayengi bayalembele muli ba 700 ukwisafika muli ba 500 B.C.E., nelyo mu nshiku sha kwa kasesema Esaya na Yeremia.”

▪ “Mu myaka 200 iyapita abasoma batila Amalembo ya ciHebere bayalembele no kuyapitulukamo mu myaka abena Persia na ba Griki baleteka icalo (muli ba 400 ukwisafika muli ba 100 B.C.E.).”

▪ “Amalembo ya ciHebere ayo tubelengamo ino nshita bayalembele mu myaka aba Griki baleteka icalo (muli ba 100 ukwisafika mu 1 [B.C.E.]).”

Bushe Umwina Kristu uwasumina ukuti “Amalembo yonse aya mushilo yafuma kuli Lesa” afwile ukumona shani ifi aba bantu balanda? (2 Timote 3:16) Pa kuti twasuke ici cipusho, natulande pa fyo Baibolo yalanda na pa fyo aba bantu balanda.

Inshita Shaba mu Baibolo

Amalembo ya ciHebere yalilanda pa nshita shalekanalekana isho ifintu ifingi fyacitikilepo. Ici cilanga ukuti amabuuku ya kubalilapo bayalembele mu nshiku sha kwa Mose na Yoshua, imyaka nalimo 3,500 iyapita. * Samwele, Davidi, Solomone, na bambi nabo balilembeleko amabuuku ya mu Baibolo muli ba 1000 B.C.E. Lyena pakonkele amabuuku ayalanda pa lyashi lya kale, aya mishikakulo, na ya kusesema, ayo balembele muli ba 800 ukwisafika muli ba 400 B.C.E.

Ifipimfya fya aya mabuuku ya mu Baibolo fyaba pa fimfungwa ifyo basangile mupepi na Bemba  Wafwa. Ilyo bashasangilepo fye libuuku ilya kwa Estere. Ilyo bapimine ifi fimfungwa no kuceeceeta ifilembo babomfeshe pa kulemba, basangile ukuti ifyakokwesha bafilembele muli ba 200 ukwisafika muli ba 100 B.C.E.

Ifyo Abalengulula Balanda

Icikalamba icalenga ukuti balelengulula inshita shaba mu Baibolo ni filya Baibolo iyine yalanda ukuti yafuma kuli Lesa. Ku ca kumwenako, Profesa Walter C. Kaiser, Jr., alembele mu citabo cakwe icitila The Old Testament Documents ukuti: “Ifyalembwa [muli Baibolo] fya bufi pantu ilanda ukuti yafuma kuli Lesa, kabili ilalanda pa fipesha amano na pali Lesa.” Abasoma abakaana ukuti Baibolo tayafuma kuli Lesa batila tulingile ukuceeceeta sana Baibolo nge fyo twingaceeceeta ifitabo fimbi.

Pa nshita imo, balebomfya icisambilisho ca kwa Darwin ica kusanguka pa kulondolola ifyo imipepele ya-aluka. Abantu babalilepo ukulapepa ifibumbwa, lyena baishiletendeka ukupepa balesa abengi, e lyo pa kulekelesha batampile ukupepa lesa umo. Apo amabuuku ya kubalilapo aya mu Baibolo yalanda pa kupepa Lesa umo, bamo batila cimoneka kwati tabayalembele mu nshita shaba mu Baibolo, lelo bayalembele pa numa ya myaka iingi.

Ukutula lilya, abantu balalengulula Baibolo mu nshila ishalekanalekana. Ku ca kumwenako, mu citabo bafumishe nomba line icilanda pa Cipingo ca Kale balilengulula amashiwi babomfya, amalyashi yabamo ukuti te ya cine, no kuti yalipusana ne ntambi, na fimbipo.

Nangu ca kuti abasoma balanda ifyapusanapusana ilyo babika inshita amabuuku ya mu Baibolo bayalembele, abengi bakonka ifyalandile Profesa R.E. Friedman, uwalembele ukuti: “Pa myaka iingi nga nshi, bakalemba abaliko kale balilembele ifyalembwa ifingi ifya mishikakulo, amalyashi, na mafunde. Lyena bakalemba bambi baishiletendeka ukubomfya ifi fyalembwa pa kulemba amalyashi. Pa kulemba Baibolo, aba bakalemba bafumishe amalyashi muli ifi fyalembwa.”

Icitabo citila Faith, Tradition, and History calilanda pali ifi na pa fintu fimbi ifyo balengululamo Baibolo. Lelo, casondwelela na mashiwi ya kuti: “Nangu ca kuti abasoma bacetekela ifisambilisho fyabo ukucila ukucetekela Baibolo, abene beka balailengulula sana.”

Abasoma Bamo Balisumina Ukuti Baibolo Bailembele Pali Shilya Shine Nshita Yalandapo

Ifyebo fyaba mu mabuuku ya mu Baibolo aya kubalilapo bafilembele pa macinda na pa mpapa, ifyonaika bwangu. E ico, te kuti twenekele ukuti ifyalembwa balembele pa kubala, nelyo ifyo balembele mu nshiku sha kwa Mose, Yoshua, Samwele, nelyo Davidi, kuti fyasangwa. Lelo kuti twaceeceeta ifyalembwa fimbi ifya kale ifilanga ukuti  inshita shaba mu Baibolo sha cine, nge fyo abasoma bamo na bashula ifya mu mushili abo bacindika sana balanda. Bushe finshi fyaba muli ifyo fyalembwa? Moneni ifya kumwenako fimo.

▪ Ukulingana ne fyo Baibolo ilanda, bushe mu Middle East mwali ifyalembwa mu nshiku sha kwa Mose na Yoshua, imyaka 3,500 iyapita? Abaleikala mu Mesopotamia na mu Egupti kale balelemba ifyalembwa ifyalelanda pa lyashi lya kale, pa mipepele, pa mafunde, na pa malyashi yambi. Inga Mose na bena Israele, bushe nabo balelemba ifyalembwa? Icitabo ca Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch catila: “Te ca kutwishika no kutwishika ukuti abaleikala mu Kanaani [muli ba 1500 ukwisafika muli ba 1200 B.C.E.] balelemba ifyalembwa.” Calanda no kuti: “Nga twatontonkanya pa fyo abena kale balelemba ifyalembwa, takwingaba umulandu twingakaanina ukuti amabuuku ayo batila ni Mose walembele bayalembele pa nshita Baibolo yalandapo nelyo ukutwishika ukuti amabuuku ayengi aya ciHebere bayalembele pa nshita Baibolo yalandapo.”—Ukufuma 17:14; 24:4; 34:27, 28; Impendwa 33:2; Amalango 31:24.

▪ Bushe abalembele Baibolo balefumya ifyebo mu fyalembwa ifyo balembele kale? Ee, bamo baleambula ifyali mu ‘mabuuku,’ nalimo ayo balembelemo ifya buteko, indupwa abantu bafyalilwemo, ilyashi lya kale, ne fyebo ifyalelanda pa mitundu ne ndupwa.—Impendwa 21:14; Yoshua 10:13; 2 Samwele 1:18; 1 Ishamfumu 11:41; 2 Imilandu 32:32.

▪ Mulandu nshi bashasangila ifyalembwa ifyo balembele kale sana ukucila pali filya basangile mupepi na Bemba Wafwa? Magazini itila Biblical Archaeology Review yalondolola ukuti: “Mu ncende ishingi isha mu Palestine tabasangamo ifyalembwa fya macinda ne fya mpapa, bafisanga fye ku ncende iyauma pamo nga ilya yaba mupepi na Bemba Wafwa. Amacinda ne mpapa filabola nga fili mu ncende umwaba sana umutonshi. Kanshi ifi bashafisanga te kuti ninshi tabafilembele.” Na kuba, balisanga ifipapatu fye bumba ifingi nga nshi ifyo balefwatika pa fyalembwa. Ifyalembwa fya macinda ne fya mpapa fyalyonaika pa mulandu wa mulilo nelyo umutonshi, lelo ifipapatu fye bumba fyena fyalishala. Ifi fipapatu bafipangile muli ba 800 ukwisafika muli ba 400 B.C.E.

▪ Bushe ifimfungwa balembelepo amabuuku ya mu Baibolo bafisungilile shani? Icitabo ca The Bible as It Was catila: “Na muli ilya yine nshita balelemba Baibolo, abantu bafwile balikopolwele pa miku iingi nga nshi amalyashi, amalumbo, amafunde, no kusesema uko tubelenga mu Baibolo pali lelo. . . . Ico balekopolwela ifi fyebo mu nshita balelemba Baibolo ni co balefibelenga; e fyo abantu balekonka mu mikalile yabo. . . . Nga tabalefibomfya, nga takwali uwalefikopolola.”—Amalango 17:18; Amapinda 25:1.

 Amabuuku ya mu Baibolo ayo babalilepo ukulemba, bayakopolwele pa myaka 1,500 mpaka mu nshita ya batumwa. Muli uyu mulimo wa kukopolola bwino bwino mwasanshishe no “kuwamyako amashiwi ne milembele ukulingana ne fyo cali mu Middle East monse.” (On the Reliability of the Old Testament) * Ici calenga ukuti ukulengulula amashiwi ne milembele kube ukwa fye.

Ni Lilali Baibolo Bailembele?

Bushe cilimo amano ukukosapo fye ukuti ifi tabasanga ifimfungwa ifyo balembele mu nshiku sha kwa Mose, Yoshua, Samwele, na bambi ninshi amabuuku ya mu Baibolo tabayalembele muli ilya myaka? Abasoma abengi balisumina ukuti ukukanasanga ifimfungwa ifyo balembele muli ilya myaka takupilibula ukuti ninshi tafyaliko. Nga kulanda fye icishinka, fimfungwa finga ifyonaika ifyo bali no kusunga? Ku ca kumwenako, uwasambilila pa fyalecitika kale mu Egypt K. A. Kitchen atile, mupepi ne fyalembwa fya macinda fyonse ifyo balembele mu myaka aba Griki na bena Roma baleteka icalo fyalyonaika.

Abacindika Baibolo kuti batontonkanya na pali ici cipusho ca kuti, ‘Bushe Yesu alemona shani Amalembo ya ciHebere?’ Pali ilya nshita tapali abalelengulula inshita aya Malembo bayalembele. Nge fyo cali na ku baYuda bonse, Yesu na o afwile alisumine ukuti aya Malembo bayalembele pali shilya shine inshita shaba mu Baibolo. Bushe asumine ukuti amabuuku ya kubalilapo aya mu Baibolo yafumine kuli Lesa?

Yesu alilandile pa mabuuku ayalembele Mose. Ku ca kumwenako, alilandile pe “buuku lya kwa Mose.” (Marko 12:26; Yohane 5:46) Alilandile pa malyashi yaba mwi buuku lya Ukutendeka (Mateo 19:4, 5; 22:32; 24:37-39); mwi buuku lya Ukufuma (Luka 20:37); mwi buuku lya Ubwina Lebi (Mateo 8:4); mwi buuku lya Impendwa (Mateo 12:5); na mwi buuku lya Amalango (Mateo 18:16). Atile: “Fyonse ifyalembelwe pali ine mu mafunde ya kwa Mose na muli Bakasesema na mu Malumbo, fili no kufikilishiwa.” (Luka 24:44) Apo alisumine ukuti Mose na bambi e balembele aya mabuuku, ninshi ukwabula no kutwishika alisumine ukuti aya mabuuku bayalembele mu nshita shilya shine Baibolo yalandapo.

Ninshi, ni lilali Baibolo bailembele? Bushe bailembele muli shilya shine nshita shaba mu Baibolo? Natulanda pa fyo abasoma abengi balengulula Baibolo, pa fyo Baibolo iyine ilanda, pa bushininkisho bwaba mu fyalembwa fimbi ifya kale, na pa fyo Yesu alemona Amalembo ya ciHebere. Bushe ifyo muletontonkanya fileumfwana ne fyo Yesu alandile ilyo apepele kuli Wishi, Yehova Lesa, ukuti: “Icebo cenu e cine”?—Yohane 17:17.

[Amafutunoti]

[Charti ne Fikope pe bula 20]

(Nga mulefwaya ukumona ifi, moneni muli magazini.)

(Charti iilelanga inshita bapwishishe ukulemba amabuuku ya mu Baibolo)

2000 B.C.E.

1800

[Icikope]

Bakalemba ba mu Egupti balelemba ifyalembwa ninshi na Mose talabako

[Abatusuminishe]

© DeA Picture Library / Art Resource, NY

1600

[Icikope]

Ilyo calefika mu 1513 B.C.E., ninshi Mose alipwisha ukulemba ibuuku lya Ukutendeka ilyo alembele pa fimfungwa ifyonaika

Ukutendeka 1513 B.C.E.

Yoshua

1400

1200

Samwele

1000 B.C.E.

[Icikope]

Ifipapatu fye bumba ifingi nga nshi ifyo balefwatika pa fyalembwa balifisanga

Ukufuma mu 900 ukufika mu 500 B.C.E.

Yona

800

Esaya

600

Yeremia

Daniele

[Icikope]

Icimfungwa ca macinda, ico bakakilepo no kufwatikapo icipapatu ce bumba

Ukufuma mu 449 B.C.E.

[Abatusuminishe]

Brooklyn Museum, Bequest of Theodora Wilbour from the collection of her father, Charles Edwin Wilbour.

400

200

[Icikope]

Ifimfungwa basangile mupepi na Bemba Wafwa balififungile mu nsalu no kufisungila mu nongo. E fimfungwa fyakokwesha ifya malembo ya mu Baibolo

Ukufuma mu 200 ukufika mu 100 B.C.E.

[Abatusuminishe]

Shrine of the Book, Photo © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem