Kodi Abulahamu Analidi ndi Ngamila?

BAIBULO limanena kuti ngamila zinali m’gulu la ziweto zimene Farao anapatsa Abulahamu. (Gen. 12:16) Pamene mtumiki wa Abulahamu ankapita ku Mesopotamiya, anatenga “ngamila 10 pa ngamila za mbuye wake.” Choncho Baibulo limanena momveka bwino kuti Abulahamu anali ndi ngamila m’zaka za m’ma 1900 B.C.E.​—Gen. 24:10.

Koma anthu ena sakhulupirira zimenezi. Buku lina lofotokoza za m’Baibulo limati: “Akatswiri ena amakayikira zoti malemba otchula za ngamilawa ndi oona chifukwa chakuti anthu amakhulupirira zoti anthu ambiri sankaweta zinyama zimenezi mpaka pafupifupi chaka cha 1200 B.C. Abulahamu anali atamwalira kalekale pofika m’chaka  chimenechi.” (New International Version Archaeological Study Bible) Choncho iwo amaganiza kuti malembawa amene amatchula za ngamila si oona chifukwa chakuti nthawi imeneyo anthu anali asanayambe kuweta ngamila.

Koma akatswiri ena amati ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri anangoyamba kuweta ngamila m’zaka za m’ma 1200 kapena 1100 B.C.E., n’zotheka kuti anthu ena anali atayamba kale kuziweta. Buku lina limanena kuti: “Posachedwapa anthu amene ankafufuza nkhaniyi anapeza kuti anthu anayamba kuweta ngamila kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Arabiya m’zaka za m’ma 2000 [B.C.E.]. Poyambirira ankaziweta kuti azipeza mkaka, ubweya, zikopa ndiponso nyama. Koma pasanapite nthawi anthu ayenera kuti anazindikira zoti ngamilazo zingathandize kunyamula katundu pa ulendo.” (Civilizations of the Ancient Near East) Zikuoneka kuti mafupa ndiponso zinthu zina zakale zimene anthu azipeza pokumba pansi zimapereka umboni woti anthu ankaweta ngamila Abulahamu asanakhale ndi moyo.

Palinso umboni wolembedwa pa nkhani imeneyi. Buku lomwelo limati: “Ku Mesopotamiya, zolemba zakale zimatchula nyama zimenezi [ngamila] ndipo zidindo zambiri zilinso ndi chithunzi chake. Izi zimasonyeza kuti mwina ngamila zinkapezeka ku Mesopotamiya m’zaka za m’ma 1900 [B.C.E.],” kapena kuti nthawi ya Abulahamu.

Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti amalonda ochokera kum’mwera kwa Arabiya amene ankagulitsa zofukiza zonunkhira ankagwiritsa ntchito ngamila kuti zizinyamula katundu. Iwo ankapita kumpoto podutsa m’chipululu kuti akafike kumayiko ngati Iguputo ndi Siriya. Ndiyeno anthu a kumayiko amenewa anayambanso kugwiritsa ntchito ngamila. Mwina amalondawa anali atayamba kuyenda maulendo amenewa ngakhale m’chaka cha 2000 B.C.E. N’zochititsa chidwi kuti lemba la Genesis 37:25-28 limanena za amalonda achiisimaeli amene ankagwiritsa ntchito ngamila kunyamula zofukiza zonunkhira. Iwo ankachita zimenezi popita ku Iguputo zaka pafupifupi 100 kuchokera pamene Abulahamu anamwalira.

Mwina anthu ambiri sankaweta ngamila kudera limene Abulahamu ankakhala m’zaka za m’ma 1900 B.C.E. koma pali umboni wakuti anthu ena ankaziweta. Buku lina lofotokoza za Baibulo limati: “Palibe chifukwa chonenera kuti malemba amene amatchula ngamila [m’nthawi ya Abulahamu] si oona. Tikutero chifukwa chakuti pali umboni wa zinthu zakale zofukulidwa wosonyeza kuti isanafike nthawi ya [Abulahamu], anthu ankaweta ngamila.” (The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia)