“Mitundu 7 ya Mbewu” za M’dziko Labwino

BAIBULO limafotokoza kuti dziko la Isiraeli linali dziko lamapiri, zigwa, mitsinje komanso akasupe. Mpaka lero, m’dzikoli muli nthaka yamitundumitundu ndiponso nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Kum’mwera kwa dzikoli kuli chipululu chouma ndipo kumpoto kwake kuli mapiri okutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Zinthu zimenezi zinkachititsa kuti anthu a m’dzikoli azitha kulima mbewu zamitundumitundu. Pamene Mose ankafotokozera Aisiraeli za zinthu zosangalatsa zimene ankayembekezera kukazipeza “m’dziko labwino,” anafotokoza kuti dzikoli ndi “dziko la tirigu, balere, mphesa, nkhuyu ndi makangaza [kapena kuti “chimanga chachizungu”], dziko la maolivi opangira mafuta ndiponso la uchi.” Pamenepatu Mose anatchula mitundu 7 ya mbewu za m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa.​—Deuteronomo 8:7, 8.

Mpaka pano anthu amagwiritsabe ntchito mawu akuti “mitundu 7 ya mbewu” pofotokoza za mbewu zimene zimapezeka m’dzikoli. Nthawi zina, zithunzi za mbewu zimenezi zimajambulidwa pa ndalama zachitsulo za dzikolo ndiponso pa masitampa posonyeza kuti dzikolo ndi lachonde. Koma kodi kale mbewu zimenezi zinkalimidwa motani? Nanga zinkakhudza bwanji moyo wa anthu pa nthawiyo? Tiyeni tione.

‘Tirigu ndi Balere’ Ngakhale kuti mbewu ziwiri zonsezi zinkabzalidwa kumapeto kwa chaka, balere ankafulumira kucha ndi mwezi umodzi kuposa tirigu. Aisiraeli ankapereka kukachisi mtolo wa zipatso zoyambirira za balere. Iwo ankapereka mtolo wa balerewu monga nsembe kwa Yehova ndipo ankaupereka pa Madyerero a Mkate Wopanda Chofufumitsa. Madyererowa ankachitika m’mwezi wa March kapena April. Koma nsembe ya mikate ya tirigu inkaperekedwa pa Chikondwerero cha Masabata, kapena pa Pentekosite, m’mwezi wa May.​—Levitiko 23:10, 11, 15-17.

Kwa zaka zambiri mpaka chaposachedwapa, alimi a ku Isiraeli ankafesa ndi manja mbewu ngati tirigu ndi balere. Iwo ankanyamulira mbewu zoterezi pachovala chawo chomwe ankachipinda, ndipo ankatapa mbewuzo ndi manja n’kumazimwaza. Pofesa balere ankangomumwaza m’mundamo n’kumusiya. Koma tirigu ankafunika kumukwirira. Choncho ankamukwirira pogwiritsa ntchito nyama zolima kapena ankalimanso mundawo.

Nthawi zambiri Baibulo limatchula za kufesa, kukolola, kupuntha, kupeta ndiponso kupera mbewu. Ntchito zonsezi zinali zofunika mphamvu. Tsiku ndi tsiku Aisiraeli ankapera zokolola zawo ndipo kenako ankagwiritsa ntchito ufawo kuphika mkate woti banja lawo lidye. Zimenezi zikutithandiza kumvetsa chifukwa chake Yesu anatilangiza kuti tizipempha Mulungu kuti atipatse “mkate wa tsiku ndi tsiku.” (Mateyu 6:11, King James Version) Chakudya  chachikulu cha anthu a nthawi imeneyo chinali mikate yopangidwa ndi ufa wa tirigu kapena wa balere.​—Yesaya 55:10.

“Mphesa, Nkhuyu ndi Makangaza” Mose atatsogolera Aisiraeli m’chipululu kwa zaka 40, anawauza za zinthu zabwino zimene akazipeze m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa. Iye anawauza kuti m’dzikolo akadya zipatso zokoma. Zaka 40 Mose asanalankhule zimenezi, azondi amene anatumidwa kukazonda dziko anabweretsa “nthambi yokhala ndi tsango limodzi la mphesa” kwa Aisiraeli amene anali atamanga msasa m’chipululu. Azondiwo anachita zimenezi pofuna kusonyeza kuti Dziko Lolonjezedwa linali lachonde. Tsangoli linali lolemera kwambiri moti “anthu awiri analinyamula paphewa ndi mitengo yonyamulira.” Iwo anabweretsanso nkhuyu ndi makangaza. N’zosakayikitsa kuti Aisiraeli ataona zipatso zimenezi analakalaka atakalowadi m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa. Pa nthawi imeneyi anthuwo analawako zinthu zabwino kwambiri za m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa.​—Numeri 13:20, 23.

Kuti mitengo ya mphesa ipitirizebe kubereka bwino, imafunika kuisamalira bwino. Imafunika kuidulira, kuthirira ndiponso kukolola pa nthawi yake. Munda wa mpesa ukakhala m’mbali mwa phiri, unkafunika kukhala ndi khoma lotetezera, mizera yotchinga madzi yokonzedwa mwaluso komanso kanyumba ka mlonda. Aisiraeli ankadziwa bwino ntchito yosamalira minda ya mpesa ndipo ankadziwa bwino zimene zingachitike ngati munthu atapanda kumagwira ntchito zimenezi.​—Yesaya 5:1-7.

Nthawi yokolola mphesa inalinso nthawi imene anthu ankapanga vinyo. Mphesazo ankaziika m’chinthu chinachake n’kuzipondaponda kapena kuzifinya. Akatero ankawiritsa madzi a mphesawo pofuna kuti achotsemo shuga woti azigwiritsa ntchito zina. Apo ayi ankasiya madziwo kwa nthawi n’cholinga choti akhale vinyo. Ku Isiraeli kunali nyengo yabwino komanso zinthu zonse zofunika pa ulimi wa mphesa komanso popanga vinyo. *

Anthu amene amakhala kutali ndi kumadera kumene kumalimidwa nkhuyu mwina amangoona nkhuyu zouma zoumba pamodzi. Koma anthu oterewa angadabwe kwambiri ataona nkhuyu zongothyoledwa kumene mumtengo chifukwa zimakhala zotsekemera komanso zamadzi kwambiri. Kuti nkhuyu zimene akolola zikhale nthawi yaitali zisanawonongeke, amaziumitsa ndi dzuwa  n’kuzisunga pabwino. Nthawi zambiri Baibulo limatchula “nkhuyu zouma zoumba pamodzi.”​—1 Samueli 25:18.

Makoko a makangaza okhwima amakhala ngati chikopa ndipo akasendedwa mkati mwake mumakhala tinthanga tambirimbiri tooneka ngati tizipatso ting’onoting’ono. Munthu akhoza kudya tinthangati mmene tilili kapena akhoza kutifinya n’kupanga juwisi wokoma kwambiri komanso wopatsa thanzi. Umboni wosonyeza kuti makangaza ankaonedwa kuti ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndi wakuti, chovala china chimene mkulu wa ansembe ankavala chinali ndi makangaza m’munsi mwake komanso pazipilala za kachisi wa Solomo panali zithunzi za makangaza.​—Ekisodo 39:22-24; 1 Mafumu 7:20.

‘Maolivi ndi Uchi’ Baibulo limatchula maolivi pafupifupi ka 60. Zipatso zimenezi zimadyedwa ndiponso amapangira mafuta. Minda ya maolivi imapezekabe m’madera ambiri a ku Israel. (Deuteronomo 28:40) Mpaka pano, ikafika nthawi yokolola maolivi m’mwezi wa October, mabanja ambiri amakonda kugwira ntchito pamodzi. Pokolola, amamenya nthambi za mtengo wa maolivi ndipo maoliviwo amagwera pansi, kenako amawatola. Ndiyeno amawaumitsa kuti banjalo ligwiritse ntchito kwa chaka chonse kapena amapita nawo pamalo ena m’deralo n’kukawayenga mafuta. Ndipotu, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apeza malo ambirimbiri oyengera mafuta amene anthu kalelo ankagwiritsa ntchito. Masiku ano, zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kuona mafuta a maolivi, omwe amakhala obiriwira, akuwathira m’zigubu kuti banja ligwiritse ntchito kwa chaka chonse kapena n’cholinga choti akagulitse. Kale, mafuta a maolivi ankawagwiritsanso ntchito monga mafuta odzola komanso monga mafuta a nyale.

Uchi umene Mose anatchula uyenera kuti unali uchi weniweni wa njuchi kapena uchi wopangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso za kanjedza ndi nkhuyu. Masiku ano, anthu ambiri amagwiritsabe ntchito uchi wochokera ku zipatso zimenezi pokometsera chakudya. Komabe, ndi zosakayikitsa kuti uchi umene unatchulidwa m’Baibulo mu nkhani zokhudza Samisoni ndi Yonatani unali uchi weniweni wa m’tchire. (Oweruza 14:8, 9; 1 Samueli 14:27) Ming’oma yoposa 30 imene anaipeza posachedwapa ku Tel Rehov kumpoto kwa dziko la Israel ndi umboni wakuti anthu a m’dzikoli ankachita ulimi wa njuchi kuyambira kale kwambiri mu nthawi ya Solomo.

Misika ya ku Israel masiku ano imakhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana ophikira buledi komanso malo ogulitsa zipatso ndiponso ndiwo zamasamba. Aliyense wolowa m’misika yochititsa chidwi imeneyi amaona “mitundu 7 ya mbewu” zimenezi atazikonza m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Mbewu 7 zimenezi ndi zina chabe mwa zakudya zambirimbiri zimene anthu amalima ku Israel masiku ano. Njira zamakono za ulimi zathandiza kuti ku Israel azilima mbewu zimene poyamba sankalima. Kuchuluka kwa mbewu zimene zikulimidwa m’dziko laling’ono limeneli ndi umboni wakuti linalidi ‘dziko labwino.’​—Numeri 14:7.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 11]

Tirigu

[Chithunzi patsamba 11]

Balere

[Chithunzi patsamba 12]

Mphesa

[Chithunzi patsamba 12, 13]

Nkhuyu

[Chithunzi patsamba 12]

Makangaza

[Chithunzi patsamba 13]

Maolivi

[Chithunzi patsamba 13]

Uchi