Aaziteki Ayamba Kuphunzira Choonadi

“Akachisi anagwa n’kusanduka fumbi ndi phulusa, mafano anawonongedwa ndipo mabuku opatulika anapsa ndi moto n’kutheratu. Ngakhale izi zinachitika, Amwenye sanasiye kulemekeza milungu yawo yakale.”​—Las antiguas culturas mexicanas (The Ancient Mexican Cultures).

AMWENYE otchedwa Aaziteki amapezeka m’dziko la Mexico ndipo anthu amenewa anali mtundu waung’ono m’zaka za m’ma 1200. Koma kenako mtundu umenewu unakula n’kukhala waukulu ngati mtundu wa amwenye a ku Peru otchedwa Ainka. Ngakhale kuti Aaziteki anagonjetsedwa ndi Hernán Cortés wa ku Spain mumzinda wa Tenochtitlán m’chaka cha 1521, chinenero chawo cha Chinawato chidakalipobe. * Chinawato chimalankhulidwa ndi anthu pafupifupi 1,500,000 a ku Mexico omwe amakhala m’zigawo 15 za m’dzikoli. Chinenerochi chathandiza kuti miyambo ina yakale ya Aaziteki isathe ngati mmene mawu ali pamwambawo akusonyezera. Mawu amenewa ananena ndi Walter Krickeberg, yemwe ndi katswiri wofufuza zinthu. Kodi ina mwa miyambo ya Aaziteki inali yotani?

Miyambo Yodabwitsa Komabe Yozolowereka

Mwambo wodziwika bwino wa Aaziteki ndi wopereka anthu nsembe. Iwo ankachita mwambo umenewu chifukwa ankakhulupirira kuti dzuwa lingafe ngati atapanda kulidyetsa mitima ya anthu komanso kulimwetsa magazi. Munthu wina wakatolika wa ku Spain, dzina lake Diego Durán, ananena kuti m’chaka cha 1487 pa mwambo wotsegulira kachisi wamkulu wa mumzinda wa Tenochtitlán, anthu 80,000 anaperekedwa nsembe m’masiku anayi okha.

Ngakhale kuti anthu a ku Spain ankanyansidwa ndi zimenezi, anadabwa kudziwa kuti zinthu zina zimene Aaziteki ankakhulupirira, zinali zofanana ndi zimene iwo amakhulupirira m’tchalitchi chawo cha Katolika. Mwachitsanzo, Aaziteki ankachita chikondwerero chinachake ndipo pa chikondwererochi ankadya zifaniziro za milungu yawo zopangidwa ndi chimanga. Nthawi zina iwo ankadyanso matupi a anthu amene aperekedwa nsembe. Aaziteki ankagwiritsanso ntchito mtanda, ankaulula machimo kwa ansembe awo komanso ankabatiza makanda. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri n’chakuti, mofanana ndi anthu a ku Spain, Aaziteki ankalambira mulungu wotchedwa Tonantzin yemwe ankati ndi namwali ndipo ankamutcha kuti “Mayi wa Milungu.” Aaziteki ankamukonda kwambiri mulunguyu ndipo ankamutchula kuti, Mayi Athu Aang’ono.

Anthu amanena kuti, mulungu wa Akatolika wotchedwa Namwali wa ku Guadalupe, yemwe ankalankhula Chinawato, anaonekera kwa Mmwenye wina wachiaziteki paphiri limene Aaziteki ankalambira mulungu wawo wotchedwa Tonantzin. Iwo amanena kuti zimenezi zinachitika m’chaka cha 1531. Izi zinachititsa kuti Aaziteki ambiri alowe Chikatolika. Pamalo amene pali maziko a kachisi wa Tonantzin panamangidwa kachisi wa namwali wa ku Guadalupe. Pa December 12, anthu ambirimbiri a ku Mexico, omwe ambiri mwa iwo amalankhula Chinawato, amapita kukaona kachisiyu yemwe ndi wamkulu kwambiri.

Anthu olankhula Chinawato amachita miyambo yosiyanasiyana polemekeza oyera mtima ndipo ina mwa miyambo imeneyi imatenga masiku angapo mwinanso masabata. Iwo amachita miyambo imeneyi m’madera amene amakhala omwe  ndi akumidzi komanso akumapiri. Buku lina linanena kuti Aaziteki akumeneko “amaona kuti kulambira oyera mtima kumene Akatolika amachita n’kofanana ndi zikondwerero zimene zinkachitika Hernán Cortés asanabwere kudzagonjetsa dzikolo.” (El universo de los aztecas [The Universe of the Aztecs]) Anthu olankhula Chinawato amakondanso kuchita zamizimu. Akadwala amapita kwa asing’anga amene amachita miyambo yakuyeretsa komanso amene amapereka nsembe zanyama. Komanso anthu ambiri olankhula Chinawato satha kuwerenga ndi kulemba Chisipanishi kapenanso Chinawato. Anthuwa amasalidwa ndi anthu ambiri chifukwa amaumirira kwambiri miyambo ndi chinenero chawo komanso chifukwa chakuti ndi osauka kwambiri.

Aaziteki Akuphunzira Choonadi cha M’Baibulo

Kwa zaka zambiri, a Mboni za Yehova a ku Mexico akhala akuyesetsa kulalikira anthu onse ‘uthenga wabwino wa ufumu.’ (Mateyu 24:14) M’chaka cha 2000, ofesi ya nthambi ya Mboni za Yehova ya ku Mexico inakhazikitsa ntchito yolalikira anthu onse olankhula Chinawato kuti anthuwo azimva uthenga wabwino m’chinenero chawo. Ofesiyi inakonzanso zoti pakhale mipingo ya Chinawato kuti anthu olankhula chinenerochi, omwe ankapita ku mipingo ya Chisipanishi, ayambe kuchita misonkhano m’chinenero chawo. Komanso ofesiyi inakhazikitsa gulu la anthu oti azimasulira m’Chinawato mabuku othandiza kuphunzira Baibulo. Inakonzanso zoti anthu olankhula Chinawato aziphunzitsidwa kulemba ndi kuwerenga m’chinenero chawochi. Kodi zotsatira zake zinali zotani? Taonani zitsanzo izi:

Mayi wina wa m’derali atamvetsera koyamba nkhani ya m’Baibulo yokambidwa m’Chinawato, ananena kuti: “Takhala tikupita kumisonkhano kwa zaka 10 koma pobwera kumeneko mutu unkakhala ukupweteka chifukwa chosamvetsetsa Chisipanishi. Panopa tikungoona ngati kutulo.” Munthu wina wazaka 60, dzina lake Juan, ankaphunzira Baibulo komanso kupezeka pa misonkhano ya m’Chisipanishi limodzi ndi mkazi wake komanso ana ake. Iye anachita zimenezi zaka 8 koma sankapita patsogolo mwauzimu. Kenako anayamba kuphunzira Baibulo m’Chinawato ndipo pasanathe chaka, anabatizidwa n’kukhala wa Mboni za Yehova.

Zitsanzo zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti anthu ambiri am’derali poyamba ankaphunzira Baibulo m’Chisipanishi, koma sankamvetsa zimene ankaphunzirazo. Koma kuchita misonkhano komanso kuwerenga mabuku m’chinenero chawo kwawathandiza kumvetsa choonadi cha m’Baibulo ndiponso kuzindikira udindo wawo wachikhristu.

Kuthana Ndi Mavuto

Anthu olankhula Chinawato amene aphunzira choonadi akhala akukumana ndi mavuto ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, iwo ankakakamizidwa kuti azichita nawobe miyambo yachipembedzo. M’tauni ya San Agustín Oapan, a Mboni za Yehova sankaloledwa kulalikira kunyumba ndi nyumba. Anthu akumeneko ankaopa kuti zimenezi zingachititse kuti anthu asiye kupereka ndalama zothandizira miyambo ya kuderako. Tsiku lina pamene Florencio ankalalikira limodzi ndi kagulu kena ka Mboni zolankhula Chinawato, apolisi anam’manga limodzi ndi a Mboni ena awiri. Pasanathe mphindi 20, pamalopo panafika anthu ambiri n’kuyamba kunena zimene angawachite.

Florencio anati: “Anthuwo ankafuna kuti angotipha. Ena ankanena kuti atimange manja ndi miyendo n’kukatiponya mumtsinje. Anatitsekera m’chitokosi usiku wonse. M’mawa wake mnzathu wina wa Mboni yemwe anali loya anabwera ndi a Mboni ena awiri kuti adzatithandize. Koma nawonso anawatsekera. Kenako akuluakulu ananena kuti atitulutsa pokhapokha ngati tingavomereze kusamuka m’tauniyo.” Ngakhale kuti panali mavuto onsewa, patatha chaka chimodzi m’derali munakhazikitsidwa mpingo umene unali ndi a Mboni 17 obatizidwa ndipo anthu pafupifupi 50 ankapezeka pa misonkhano.

Wa Mboni wina dzina lake Alberto, yemwe amakhala kudera lotchedwa Coapala, anaitanidwa kuti achite nawo mwambo wina wa m’deralo. Atakana, anamumanga. Kenako anasonkhanitsa anthu a m’derali ndipo ena mwa anthuwa ankafuula kuti Alberto apachikidwe n’cholinga choti likhale phunziro kwa anthu amene angafune kulowa chipembedzo chake komanso kusiya kuchita nawo miyambo ya m’derali. A Mboni ena ankafuna kuthandiza Alberto kuti amasulidwe koma nawonso anamangidwa. Anthu onsewa anawamasula pambuyo pa mwambowo womwe unachitika kwa sabata lathunthu. Chifukwa chakuti a Mboni anapitirizabe kuvutitsidwa, iwo anakadandaula kwa akuluakulu a boma. Akuluakuluwo anaika lamulo limene linathandiza kuti a Mboni asamavutitsidwenso. Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti pasanapite nthawi yaitali, munthu wina yemwe ankavutitsa kwambiri a Mboni, anayamba kuphunzira  Baibulo mpaka anabatizidwa n’kukhala wa Mboni. Panopa m’tauni imeneyi muli mpingo wa Mboni za Yehova.

Pali Anthu Ambiri Olankhula Chinawato Ofuna Kuphunzira Baibulo

A Mboni ambiri akuphunzira Chinawato poona kuti pali anthu ambiri olankhula chinenerochi omwe angaphunzire Baibulo. Komabe kuphunzira Chinawato sikophweka chifukwa anthu ambiri olankhula chinenerochi ndi amanyazi ndipo samasuka kulankhula za chinenero chawo chifukwa cha zinthu zoipa zimene akhala akuchitiridwa. Komanso vuto lina ndi loti chinenerochi chimalankhulidwa mosiyanasiyana.

Mayi wina yemwe amalalikira nthawi zonse, dzina lake Sonia, anafotokoza zimene zinamuchititsa kuti aganize zophunzira Chinawato. Iye anati: “Kufupi ndi kwathu kumakhala anthu olankhula Chinawato pafupifupi 6,000 omwe anabwera m’derali kudzagwira ntchito. Anthuwa amakhala muzisakasa ndipo amalonderedwa kuti asachoke m’deralo. Moyo wawo ndi womvetsa chisoni kwambiri komanso amachitiridwa zinthu zoipa zambiri. Anthuwa amandimvetsa chisoni chifukwa poyamba anali anthu olemekezeka popeza ndi amene anayambitsa chikhalidwe chathu. Takhala tikuwalalikira kwa zaka 20 m’Chisipanishi koma sankamvetsa bwinobwino uthenga wathu ndipo sankasonyeza chidwi kwenikweni. Koma nditangophunzira mawu ochepa a m’chinenero chawo, anthu ambiri anayamba kukhala ndi chidwi. Ndikamalalikira, anthu ambiri ankabwera kudzamvetsera. Ndinagwirizana ndi mayi wina kuti ndizimuphunzitsa kulemba ndi kuwerenga ndipo iye azindiphunzitsa Chinawato. Panopa anthu onse amandidziwa kuti ndine ‘mayi wolankhula Chinawato’ ndipo ndimangoona ngati ndine mmishonale ngakhale kuti ndine wakonkuno.” Tsopano m’dera limeneli muli mpingo wachinawato.

Mayi winanso yemwe amalalikira nthawi zonse, dzina lake Maricela, akuyesetsa kuphunzira Chinawato. Poyamba, iye ankaphunzira Baibulo m’Chisipanishi ndi bambo wina wazaka 70, dzina lake Félix yemwe chinenero chake ndi Chinawato. Koma atangoyamba kuphunzira Chinawato, Maricela anayamba kumufotokozera bamboyu mfundo zina ndi zina m’chinenerochi. Zimenezi zinathandiza kwambiri. Mayiyu anakhudzidwa mtima kwambiri pamene Félix anafunsa kuti, “Kodi Yehova amamva ndikamapemphera m’Chinawato?” Félix anasangalala kwambiri atazindikira kuti Yehova amamva zinenero zonse. Félix amapezeka pa misonkhano yonse, ngakhale kuti amayenera kuyenda kwa ola limodzi ndi hafu popita ku misonkhanoyo ndipo tsopano anabatizidwa n’kukhala wa Mboni za Yehova. Maricela anati: “Ndine wosangalala kwambiri kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi mngelo amene akulengeza uthenga wabwino kwa anthu amitundu yonse.”​—Chivumbulutso 14:6, 7.

Izi zikusonyezeratu kuti dera la anthu olankhula Chinawato lili ngati m’munda momwe “mwayera kale ndipo m’mofunika kukolola.” (Yohane 4:35) Pemphero lathu n’lakuti Yehova Mulungu apitirizebe kuitana anthu ochokera m’mitundu yonse, kuphatikizapo Aaziteki, kuti apite kuphiri lake kukaphunzitsidwa njira zake.​—Yesaya 2:2, 3.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

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