Coverdale na Baibolo Lakwamba la Cingelezi

BAIBOLO lakwamba ilo likasindikizgika mu Cingelezi likalongora yayi zina la munthu uyo wakang’anamura. Zina la munthu uyu ni Miles Coverdale ndipo Baibolo lake likasindikizgika mu cilimika ca 1535. Pa nyengo iyi mubwezi wake William Tyndale wakaŵa kuti wali mu jele pa vifukwa vyakukhwaskana na kung’anamura Baibolo. Tyndale wakakomeka mu cilimika ca 1536.

Vinyake ivyo Coverdale wakalemba mu Baibolo lake vikafuma pa ivyo Tyndale wakalemba. Kasi vikenda wuli kuti Baibolo la Coverdale lisindikizgike kwambura iyo kukomeka apo ŵanyake ŵanandi awo ŵakang’anamuranga Baibolo ŵakafwirapo? Kasi mulimo uwo Coverdale wakacita ukafiska vici?

Mbuto Zikaseŵeka

Miles Coverdale wakababikira mu tawuni yakucemeka Yorkshire ku England, ca m’ma 1488. Wakasambiranga pa Yunivesite ya Cambridge ndipo mu 1514 wakaŵa wasembe wa chalichi la Katolika. Coverdale wakakhumbanga kusintha vinthu mu Katolika ndipo Robert Barnes uyo wakaŵa msambizgi wake ndiyo wakamukhukiska. Mu 1528, Barnes wakacimbilira ku Europe. Kweni pakati pajumpha vilimika 12 mulimo wa Coverdale ukakanizgika na ŵalongozgi ŵa Chalichi.

Mu 1528, Coverdale wakamba kupharazga mu Chalichi na kususka vyakucita vya Chalichi la Katolika pa nkhani ya kusopa vikozgo, kuphara zakwananga kwa wasembe na Misa. Pakuti umoyo wake ukaŵa pangozi, Coverdale wakafumako ku England na kuluta ku caru cinyake uko wakakhalako vilimika 7.

Ku Germany, Coverdale wakakhalanga lumoza na Tyndale mu tawuni yakucemeka Hamburg. Wose ŵakaŵa na cilato cimoza ca kung’anamura Baibolo ndipo ŵakacitiranga lumoza mulimo uwu. Pa nyengo iyi, Coverdale wakasambira vinandi kwa Tyndale pa nkhani yakung’anamura Baibolo.

Vinthu Vikamba Kusintha

Vinthu vikamba kusintha mu England. Mu 1534, Themba Henry VIII, likasuska mazaza gha papa wa chalichi la Katolika ku Romu. Themba likakolerana na fundo yakuti Baibolo ling’anamulike mu Cingelezi. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, Coverdale wakambako mulimo uwu. Coverdale wakamanyanga makora Cingelezi kweni Tyndale uyo wakaŵa msambizgi wake wakayowoyanga makora vyose Cihebere na Cigiriki. Coverdale wakanozgaso Baibolo ilo Tyndale wakang’anamura ndipo wakagwiliskira nchito Mabaibolo gha Cilatini na Cijeremani.

Baibolo ilo Coverdale wakang’anamura likasindikizgikira ku Europe mu 1535. Panyengo iyi kukakhala cilimika cimoza kuti Tyndale wakomeke. Mu Baibolo ili mukaŵa mazgu ghakuwonga Themba Henry cifukwa ca kujipeleka kwake. Coverdale wakasimikizgira Themba Henry kuti Baibolo lake lilije mazgu gha musi gha Tyndale, agho ŵakatenge ghakwambiska mphindano. Mazgu agha comene ghakasuskanga visambizgo vya Chalichi la Katolika ivyo vikukolerana yayi na Malemba. Ntheura Henry wakazomerezga kuti Baibolo ili lisindikizgike. Vinthu vikamba kusintha.

 Mu cilimika ca 1537, Coverdale wakafumiska Mabaibolo ghaŵiri, ndipo ghakasindikizgikira ku England. Mu cilimika cenecici, Themba Henry likazomerezga Baibolo lakucemeka Mathew’s Bible, ilo likasindikizgika ku Antwerp. Baibolo ili likaŵa na ivyo Tyndale na Coverdale ŵakang’anamura.

Movwiri wa Themba, Thomas Cromwell mwakovwirika na Cranmer Bishopu wa ku Canterbury wakawona kuti Baibolo ili likakhumbikwiranga kulinozgaso. Ntheura, wakaciska Coverdale kuti Baibolo lose linozgekeso. Themba Henry likazomerezga Baibolo liphya ili mu 1539, ndipo likacemeska Mabaibolo ghanji kuti ghaŵikike mu machalichi. Baibolo ili wakalicemanga kuti Great Bible (Baibolo Likuru) cifukwa ca ukuru wake. Ŵanthu ŵakakondwa comene na Baibolo ili.

Cinthu Ico Coverdale Wali Kusida

Pamasinda pakuti Themba Henry VIII lafwa, Edward VI ndiyo wakaŵa Themba, ndipo Coverdale wakasoleka kuŵa bishopu wa ku Exeter mu 1551. Ndipouli, Fumukazi Mary yikati yatora uthemba mu 1553, Coverdale wakacimbilira ku Denmark. Paumaliro wakacimbilira ku Switzerland uko wakalutizga mulimo wake. Wakasindikizgaso Mabaibolo ghatatu gha Cingelezi agho kanandi ghakucemeka kuti Tesitamenti la Sono, umo mukaŵa mazgu gha Cilatini ghakuti ghawovwirenge ŵaliska.

Cinthu cambura kukondweska nchakuti mu Baibolo la Coverdale mulije zina lakuti Yehova. Mu Baibolo lake la Tesitamenti lakale, Tyndale wakalemba zina la Ciuta mu malo ghakujumpha 20. Mu buku lakucemeka Coverdale and His Bibles, J. F Mozley, wakati, “mu 1535 Coverdale wakakanirathu lizgu lakuti [Yehova].” Kweni mu Baibolo Likuru wakalemba zina lakuti Yehova pa malo ghatatu.

Ndipouli, Baibolo la Coverdale ndilo likaŵa lakwamba mu Cingelezi kuzunura vilembo vinayi vya Cihebere ivyo vikwimira zina la Ciuta. Baibolo ili ndilo likaŵaso lakwamba kundandalika mabuku gha mdauko ku umaliro wa Baibolo mwakuti ghaleke kuŵa cigaŵa ca Baibolo.

Mazgu ghanandi agho Coverdale wakalemba ndigho ŵang’anamuri ŵanandi ŵakatolera. Ciyelezgero ni mazgu ghakuti “cinkhwawo ca munkhorwe wa nyifwa” gha pa Salmo 23:4. Pulofesa munyake wakati mazgu gha mu vesi 6 agho mu ma Baibolo ghanandi ghakulembeka kuti “‘lusungu lukuru,’ ngapadera cifukwa ghakupambaniska citemwa ico Ciuta wali naco pa ŵanthu ŵake na citemwa panji lusungu ulo ŵanthu ŵakulongorana.” Baibolo la New World Translation of Holy Scriptures—With References nalo likugwiliskira nchito lizgu lakuyana waka ndipo lili na mazgu gha musi ghakuti “citemwa cikuru.”

Mabaibolo ghanyake gha ku England ghakuti Baibolo la Coverdale lakucemeka kuti Baibolo Likuru “ndilo likaŵa lakwamba kusindikizgika pa Mabaibolo ghose gha Cingelezi . . . kufuma pa nyengo iyo Tyndale wakambira kung’anamura Tesitamenti Lasono.” Cakuzirwa nchakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵaciyowoyero ca Cingelezi ŵakamba kuŵazga Baibolo cifukwa ca ivyo Coverdale wakang’anamura.

[Vithuzithuzi pa peji 11]

Kumazere, Vilembo Vyakwimira Zina la Ciuta mu Baibolo la mu 1537

[Kulongosora Cithuzithuzi]

Photo source: From The Holy Scriptures of the Olde and Newe Testamente With the Apocripha by Myles Coverdale

[Kulongosora Cithuzithuzi pa peji 10]

From the book Our English Bible: Its Translations and Translators