Kupharazga Makani Ghawemi Mwakusuzgikira mu Tesalonika

Msumba wa Tesalonika uwo sono ni Tesaloníki panji kuti Salonika, uli na dowoko ndipo ngusambazi. Msumba uwu uli kumpoto kwa Girisi, ndipo ngwakuzirwa comene pa mdauko wa Ŵakhristu ŵakwambilira, comenecomene pa uteŵeti wa Paulosi, uyo wakaŵa mpositole ku mitundu.—MILIMO 9:15; ŴAROMA 11:13.

PAULOSI na Sila ŵakafika ku Tesalonika ca mu 50 C.E. Uwu ukaŵa ulendo waciŵiri wa umishonale, ndipo ŵakapharazga makani ghawemi gha Khristu kakwamba ku malo agho sono ghakumanyikwa kuti Europe.

Apo ŵakafikanga mu Tesalonika ŵakwenera kuti ŵakakumbukanga umo ŵakatimbikira na kujalirika mu jele ku Filipi, msumba ukuru wa Makedoniya. Nakuti Paulosi wakaphalira Ŵatesalonika kuti pamasinda pakuti ŵasuzgika ku Filipi ŵakacita cikanga kuŵapharazgira “makani ghawemi gha Ciuta na kulimbalimba kukuru.” (1 Ŵatesalonika 2:1, 2) Kasi ku Tesalonika vinthu vikaŵendera wuli? Kasi nchivici cikacitika ŵati ŵamba kupharazga? Kasi upharazgi wawo ukaŵa wacandulo? Cakwamba tiyeni tisande za msumba uwu.

Msumba uwo Mukaŵa Vitimbaheti

Zina lakuti Tesalonika likatoleka kufuma ku mazgu ghaŵiri gha Cigiriki agho ghakung’anamura kulimbana na kutimbana. Ŵanandi ŵakugomezga kuti mu 352 B.C.E., Themba la Makedoniya Philip II, wiske wa Alexander Mukuru, likatonda gulu lakufuma ku Girisi. Vikuwoneka kuti cifukwa ca kutonda uku, themba ili likamuthya mwana wake msungwana zina lakuti Thessalonice. Mwana msungwana uyu pamasinda wakatengwa kwa Kassander uyo wakatora malo gha Alexander. Mu cilimika ca 315 B.C.E., Casander wakazenga msumba ukuru kumpoto kwa Chalcidice ndipo wakawuthya zina la muwoli wake. Mu Tesalonika masuzgo ghakakatanga yayi.

Msumba wa Tesalonika ukaŵaso usambazi. Msumba uwu ukaŵa na dowoko liwemi comene ku nyanja ya Aegean. Mu nyengo ya Ŵaroma napo dowoko ili likaŵa mu mphepete mwa msewu wakuya ku Egnatia. Pakuti msumba uwu ukaŵa mumphepete mwa nyanja kweniso cifukwa cakuti ukaŵa na msewu uwemi ndiko Ŵaroma ŵakacitiranga malonda, kutumizga na kupokera katundu. Cifukwa ca usambazi wake mitundu yinyake yakucemeka Ŵagoths, Slavs, Franks, Venetians, na Ŵaturks ŵakamba kuwudokera comene. Ndipo yinyake mwa mitundu iyi yikapoka msumba uwu mwakucita kukoma ŵanthu. Kweni sono, tiyeni tiwone ivyo vikacitika Paulosi wati wafika mu msumba uwu na umo wakasuzgikira pakupharazga makani ghawemi.

 Paulosi mu Msumba wa Tesalonika

Kanandi para Paulosi wafika mu msumba uphya wakadankhanga kupharazga ku Ŵayuda cifukwa ŵakamanyangako Malemba. Ntheura, cikaŵanga cipusu kudumbiskana na kuŵawovwira kupulikiska makani ghawemi. Nkhwantha yinyake yikusacizga kuti luso lwa Paulosi ulu lukulongora kuti wakafipiranga mtima Ŵayuda ŵanyake. Panji wakacitanga nthena na cilato cakuti wajure mpata wakupharazgira Ŵamitundu.—Milimo 17:2-4

Ntheura, Paulosi wati wafika ku Tesalonika, wakanjira mu sunagoge ndipo “wakadumbirana [na Ŵayuda] kufuma mu Malemba, kulongosora na kupanikizga na vyakulembeka kuti cikaŵa cakwenelera kuti Khristu wasuzgike na kuwuka ku ŵakufwa, na kuyowoya kuti: ‘Uyu ni Khristu, Yesu uyu mweneuyo ine nkhupharazga kwa imwe.’”—Milimo 17:2, 3, 10.

Paulosi wakadidimizga mulimo wa Mesiya na umo ŵanthu ŵangamumanyira nangauli ici cikaŵa cipusu yayi. Fundo yakuti Mesiya wakasuzgika na kufwa yikapambana na ivyo Ŵayuda ŵakalindiliranga. Kuti wakhorweske Ŵayuda, Paulosi ‘wakadumbiskana nawo, kuŵalongosolera na kuŵapanikizgira kwizira mu vyakulembeka.’ Ivi vikulongora kuti wakasambizganga mwaluso. a Kweni kasi ŵanthu awo ŵakamutegherezganga ŵakacita wuli pamasinda pakuti Paulosi waŵaphalira uthenga wakuzirwa uwu?

Ŵakasanga Candulo Nangauli Ŵakasuzgika Pakupharazga

Ŵayuda ŵanji na Ŵagiriki kweniso “ŵanakazi ŵakuzirwa” ŵanandi ŵakazomera uthenga wa Paulosi. Lizgu lakuti “ŵanakazi ŵakuzirwa” ndakwenelera cifukwa mu Makedoniya ŵakacindikanga comene ŵanakazi. Ŵanakazi ŵakasangwanga cifukwa ca wanangwa wa kucitako vinthu vinyake nga nkhugwira nchito mu maofesi, kuŵa na katundu wawo na wawo, kweniso kucita bizinesi. Ŵakaŵazengeranga na vipilara wuwo kuti ŵaŵakumbukenge. Nga umo Lidiya mwanakazi wa ku Filipi uyo wakacitanga bizinesi wakazomelera makani ghawemi, ŵanakazi ŵa mu Tesalonika nawo ŵakazomera nangauli ŵakafumanga mu mbumba zakusanga makora.—Milimo 16:14, 15; 17:4

Ndipouli, Ŵayuda ŵakamba kuŵacitira sanji. Ŵakanyengelera “ŵanthu ŵaheni ŵakuyinga waka mu msika na kupanga genge ndipo ŵakawuska civulupi mu msumba.” (Milimo 17:5) Kasi genge ili likaŵa la mtundu wuli? Nkhwantha yinyake yikuti ŵakaŵa ŵanthu “ŵaheni kweniso ŵawakawaka.” Nkhwantha iyi yikatiso, “vikulongora kuti ŵakaŵa mu gulu la ŵanthu awo ŵakakondwanga yayi na uthenga wa Paulosi kweni ŵakayeghekanga waka kucita cilicose nanga kungaŵa kwambiska vivulupi.”

Gulu lakusazgikana ili ‘likawukira nyumba ya Yasoni ndipo likamba kupenja kuti litolere Paulosi na Sila ku wumba.’ Ŵakati ŵatondeka kumusanga Paulosi, “ŵakaguguzira Yasoni na ŵabali ŵanji ku ŵeruzgi ŵa msumba, ŵakacemerezga kuti: ‘Ŵanthu aŵa ŵeneawo  ŵatimbanizga caru ŵaliso kuno.’”—Milimo 17:5, 6.

Pakuti Tesalonika ukaŵa msumba ukuru wa Makedoniya, ukacitanga vinthu pawekha. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivyo ŵakacitanga paŵekha ni maungano kweniso ŵakaŵa na khonsolo yawo iyo yikawovwiranga ŵanthu pa vinthu vinyake. Ŵeruzgi ŵa msumba, b ŵakaŵa ŵamazaza ŵakucindikika comene awo mulimo wawo ukaŵa kuwoneseska kuti malango ghakulondezgeka na kucitapo kanthu kumazga mphindano izo mphanyi zikapangiska Ŵaroma kupoka msumba. Ntheura, ŵeruzgi ŵa msumba ŵakatenge ŵajipulikenge makora yayi kupulika kuti “ŵanthu ŵakusuzga” aŵa ŵakutimbanizga mtende.

Pamasinda ŵakaŵazenga mulandu ukuru ŵakati: “Ŵanthu wose aŵa ŵakucita mwakwimikana na malanguro gha Kesare, ŵakuyowoya kuti kuli themba linyake, Yesu.” (Milimo 17:7) Mwakuyana na buku linyake fundo iyi yikang’anamuranga kuti ŵakaŵa “ŵakugaluka na ŵakuwukira boma” ndipo ŵawusi mphanyi ŵakazomerezga yayi kuti paŵe themba linyake mu vingaŵa vyawo kwambura iwo kumanya. Kweniso fundo yakuti Yesu uyo Paulosi wakatenge ni Themba wakakomeka na ŵalara ŵa Ŵaroma yikanangirathu vinthu.—Luka 23:2.

Ŵeruzgi ŵa msumba ŵakakwiya. Kweni pakuti Paulosi na Sila ŵakasangika yayi kweniso ŵakaŵavya ukaboni wakukwana, ‘ŵakapoka dankha cibadara cakukwana kwa Yasoni na ŵanji, ndipo ŵakaŵaleka kuti ŵalutenge.’ (Milimo 17: 8, 9) Cibadara ico Yasoni na Ŵakhristu ŵanji ŵakapeleka ukaŵa ukaboni wakuti para Paulosi wafumamo mu msumba uwu wawelerengemoso yayi. Paulosi wakwenera kuti wakanenanga cakucitika ici apo wakati: “Satana wakajanda nthowa [yake]” na kumutondeska kuweleraso mu msumba uwu.—1 Ŵatesalonika 2:18.

Pakuwona umo vinthu vikaŵira, nausiku ŵabali ŵakatumizga Paulosi na Sila ku Bereya. Ku malo agha Paulosi uteŵeti ukamwenderaso makora. Ntheura Ŵayuda ŵakususka ŵa ku Tesalonika ŵakakwiya ndipo ŵakenda mtunda wa makilomita 80 kuluta ku Bereya kukavundura ŵanthu kuti ŵawukire Paulosi. Mwaluŵiro Paulosi wakawukakoso ku Bereya na kuluta ku Ateni, kweni wakasanganaso na masuzgo pakupharazga makani ghawemi.—Milimo 17:10-14.

Masuzgo mu Mpingo Uphya

Nangauli mpingo ukambika mu Tesalonika, kweni Ŵakhristu ŵakasangana na masuzgo ghanandi padera pakususkika. Ŵakakhalanga na ŵanthu ŵakusopa ŵangoza, kweniso ŵanthu ŵankharo ziheni ndipo ici cikamufipiska mtima Paulosi. Kasi ŵabali ŵake ŵakeneranga kucita wuli?—1 Ŵatesalonika 2:17; 3: 1, 2, 5.

Ŵakhristu mu Tesalonika ŵakamanyanga kuti usange ŵaleka kucitako vyakusanguluska, na vinthu vinyake vyacisopa ŵatinkhikenge na  ŵabwezi ŵawo ŵakale. (Yohane 17:14) Mu Tesalonika mukazura na majochero gha ŵaciuta ngoza nga ni Zeusi, Aratemisi, Apolo na ŵaciuta ŵanji ŵa ku Eguputo. Kusopa mathemba nako ŵakakuwonanga kuŵa kwakuzirwa ndipo ŵanthu wose ŵakeneranga kulondezga mitheto iyi. Uyo wakana ŵakamuwonanga nga wagalukira boma la Romu.

Kanandi kusopa vikozgo kukapangiskanga ŵanthu kuŵa na nkharo ziheni comene. Cabirus, uyo wakaŵa ciuta mulara wa Ŵatesalonika, Dionysus na Aphrodite na Isis wa ku Eguputo wose ŵakayananga pa vinthu vinyake. Wose pa visopa vyawo pakaŵanga uzaghali na uloŵevu. Ŵanthu ŵakaŵanga na ŵanakazi ŵavibwezi kweniso pakaŵanga ŵanakazi ŵazaghali ŵanandi. Ŵanthu ŵakawonanga kuti kucita uzaghali nkhwananga yayi. Mu msumba uwu mukaŵa ŵanalume na ŵanakazi ŵanji awo ŵakakhaliranga waka kucita uzaghali ndipo ŵadokotala ŵakasoka kuti nkharo iyi yilekeke. Lekani Paulosi wakasoka Ŵakhristu kuti, ‘ŵajisungilire ku uzaghali’ na kuti ŵaleke “kudokera ulamphalampha.”—1 Ŵatesalonika 4:3-8.

Ŵakatonda ciyezgo

Ŵakhristu mu Tesalonika ŵakaŵikapo mtima kurwa nkhondo ya cipulikano. Ntheura, Paulosi wakaŵalumba cifukwa ca ‘mulimo wawo wa cipulikano, citemwa, na cizizipizgo’ kweniso cifukwa cakovwira pakupharazga makani ghawemi ku vigaŵa vyakutali.—1 Ŵatesalonika 1:3, 8.

Mu 303 C.E., Ŵakhristu ŵakatambuzgikanga comene mu Romu. Kaisara Galiyo uyo wakakhalanga mu Tesalonika ndiyo wakambiska nthambuzgo. Ndipo mu msumba uwu wakazengamo nyumba zakutowa comene. Viliŵa vinyake vya nyumba izi vicalipo nakuti ŵanthu ŵakuluta kukaviwona.

Mazuŵa ghano, Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova mu Tesaloníki ŵakupharazgira ŵazengezgani ŵawo mwawanangwa panthazi pa vinyumba ivyo vikazengeka na munthu wankhaza uyu. Nangauli nyengo yinyake ŵakakumana na masuzgo pakupharazga, kweni pasono mu msumba uwu muli mipingo ya Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova pafupifupi 60. Mwamphu wawo ukulongora kuti ŵacali kulimbalimba kuti makani ghawemi ghapharazgike ndipo vikuŵayendera makora.

[Mazgu ghamusi]

[Mapu pa peji 18]

(Mu magazini yakusindikizga ndimo vikuwoneka makora)

Via Egnatia

MAKEDONIYA

Filipi

Amfipoli

Tesalonika

Bereya

THESSALY

Nyanja ya Aegean

ATENI

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Pacanya: Msumba wa Tesaloníki pasono

Musi: Milyango ya ku malo gha malonda na nyumba yakugezeramo

[Kulongosora Vithuzithuzi]

Two bottom left images: 16th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, copyright Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism

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Nyumba yabotolo pafupi na Cipilara ca Galerius, Kupharazga pafupi na Cipilara ca Galerius

[Kulongosora Vithuzithuzi]

Middle image: Thessalonica Archaeological Museum, copyright Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism

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Head medallion: © Bibliothèque nationale de France; stone inscription: Thessalonica Archaeological Museum, copyright Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism