Ho Sebelisoa ha Litlolo Mehleng ea Bibele
Basali ba bang ba mehleng ea Bibele ba ne ba sebelisa litlolo tsa mahlo, tsa sefahleho le tsa letlalo hore ba be batle
a mor’a moo o bula lebokose le khabisitsoeng ka mebala-bala le tšetseng libotlolo tse nyenyane, mepotjoana le linkho tse entsoeng ka khalase, manaka a tlou, likhetla kapa majoe. Ka har’a lona o kentse lioli tsa mefuta-futa le linkhisa-monate tse tsoakiloeng le balsame, “cardamom,” sinamone, libano tse tšoeu, mahe a linotši, myra le tse ling.
Mosali o ntša likhaba, lijana le likotlolo tse ’maloa tsa moetso o motle ka lebokoseng. O sebelisa lintho tsena ho tsoaka litlolo tseo a batlang ho li sebelisa letsatsing leo. O ntse a itlotsa a ichebile seiponeng sa boronse.
HOA bonahala hore ho tloha mehleng ea khale, haesale basali ba rata ho ba batle. Litšoantšo tsa khale tse takiloeng mabitleng, tse entsoeng maboteng pele plastara e oma le tsa majoe a mebala-bala, kaofela li bontša hore batho ba mehleng ea khale ba Mesopotamia le Egepeta ba ne ba sebelisa litlolo haholo. Litšoantšo tsa basali ba Baegepeta ba khabisitseng mahlo a bona ka make-up e ntšo, li ne li ratoa haholo.
Baiseraele bona? Na basali ba Iseraele ea boholo-holo ba ne ba sebelisa litlolo? Haeba ho le joalo, ba ne ba sebelisa tsa mofuta ofe? Ke ’nete hore Iseraele ea boholo-holo ho ne ho se na litšoantšo tse takiloeng mabitleng kapa tse entsoeng maboteng pele plastara e oma, moo re ka shebang teng. Empa ho na le litlaleho tse itseng ka Bibeleng hammoho le lintho tse ling tse epolotsoeng linaheng tsa Bibele, tse ka fanang ka leselinyana mabapi le ho sebelisoa ha litlolo mehleng ea Bibele.
Lintho Tse Neng li Sebelisoa
Lejoe la mokoetla le mebala la litlolo, Iseraele
Ho ’nile ha epolloa lintho tse ngata tse amanang le ho sebelisoa ha litlolo le linkhisa-monate tse ngata ha ho ntse ho chekoa ho pholletsa le naha ea Iseraele. Lijana tsa lejoe kapa lipoleiti tse neng li sebelisetsoa ho sila le ho kopanya metsoako ea litlolo, mepotjoana ea linkhisa-monate, linkho tsa alabastera tse tšelang mafura le liipone tse nyenyane tse entsoeng ka boronse e bentšitsoeng, ke tse ling tsa lintho tse ileng tsa fumanoa. Ho fumanoe le khaba ea lenaka la tlou e betliloeng makala a palema ka lehlakoreng le leng ’me ka ho le leng e betliloe hlooho ea mosali e pota-potiloeng ke maeba.
Ho bonahala barui ba ne ba rata ho tšela litlolo ka har’a likhetla tse khabisitsoeng. Ho boetse ho fumanoe likhaba tse nyenyane tsa litlolo, tsa manaka a tlou kapa tsa lehong Egepeta le libakeng tsa Kanana, tse ling li betliloe banana ba tolang le litšoantšo tse ling tse rarahaneng. Lintho tsena tsohle tse fumanoeng ke bopaki ba hore basali ba mehleng eo ba ne ba sebelisa litlolo.
Litlolo Tsa Mahlo
Ka Bibeleng, lebitso la e mong oa barali ba Jobo e ne e le “Keren-hapuke.” Ka Seheberu, lebitso lena le ka bolela “Lenaka la Mosili (oa Mahlo),” e leng nkho kapa lebokose le tšelang litlolo, mohlomong poiri kapa make-up ea mahlo. (Jobo 42:14) Ho ka etsahala hore o ne a rehiloe lebitso leo ka lebaka la botle ba hae, empa le boetse le bontša hore mehleng eo litlolo li ne li sebelisoa.
Hoa thahasellisa hore kamehla ha Bibele e bua ka ho itaka mahlo, seo se amahanngoa le basali ba neng ba tumme hampe joaloka Mofumahali Jezebele oa molotsana le Jerusalema e sa tšepahaleng eo moprofeta Jeremia le Ezekiele ba e tšoantšang le letekatse. (2 Marena 9:30; Jeremia 4:30; Ezekiele 23:40) Kaha ho ile ha epolloa linkho tse ngata tsa khalase kapa tsa lejoe tse nang le lisebelisoa tse nyenyane bakeng sa ho taka mosili mahlong, ho bonahala basali ba bangata ba Baiseraele ba neng ba koenehetse borapeli ba ’nete—haholo-holo bao e neng e le ba boreneng kapa ba barui—ba ne ba se ba e-na le tloaelo ea ho ikhabisa ka ho feteletseng ka make-up ea mahlo le litlolo tse ling.
Ho Sebelisoa ha Oli e Nkhang Hamonate Litšebeletsong Tse Halalelang Kapa Mererong e Meng
Ho hlahisoa le ho sebelisoa ha linkhisa-monate tse entsoeng ka oli ea mohloaare, haesale ho le teng ho tloha Iseraele ea boholo-holo. Buka ea Bibele ea Exoda e na le risepe ea ho etsa oli e nkhang hamonate e halalelang e neng e sebelisoa ke baprista tšebeletsong ea bona ea tempele. Ke motsoako oa sinamone, myra le limela tse nkhang hamonate. (Exoda 30:22-25) Jerusalema, baepolli ba lintho tsa khale ba ile ba fumana sebaka seo ba lumelang hore e ne e le setsi sa koetliso lekholong la pele la lilemo mehleng ea Kreste, moo ho neng ho etsoa linkhisa-monate le libano tse neng li sebelisoa tempeleng. Bibele e bua hangata ka oli e nkhang hamonate, e ileng ea sebelisoa litšebeletsong tse halalelang le bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi.—2 Likronike 16:14; Luka 7:37-46; 23:56.
Pitsa ea letsopa e tšelang senkhisa-monate, Iseraele
Ho ne ho e-na le leqeme la metsi karolong eo ea lefatše, kahoo ho ne ho sebelisoa lioli tse nkhang hamonate ho itlhoekisa. Oli e ne e sa sebelisetsoe ho sireletsa letlalo mochesong oa letsatsi feela empa basali ba ne ba boetse ba e sebelisetsa botle. (Ruthe 3:3; 2 Samuele 12:20) Moroetsana oa Mojuda, Esthere, o ile a sililoa ka oli ka likhoeli tse 12 pele a hlahisoa ho Morena Assueruse—a sililoa ka likhoeli tse tšeletseng ka oli ea myra ’me ka likhoeli tse ling tse tšeletseng ka oli ea balsame.—Esthere 2:12.
Linkhisa-monate le lioli tse nkhang hamonate li ne li nkoa e le tsa bohlokoa joaloka silevera le khauta. Ha mofumahali oa Sheba a ne a nka leeto la hae le tsebahalang la ho ea ho Morena Solomone, o ne a mo tliselitse limpho tsa bohlokoa tse akaretsang khauta, majoe a bohlokoa le oli ea balsame. (1 Marena 10:2, 10) Ha Morena Ezekiase a ne a bontša baemeli ba Babylona matlotlo a ntlo ea hae, “oli ea balsame le oli e ntle” li ne li lutse hammoho le silevera, khauta le lihlomo tsohle.—Esaia 39:1, 2.
Ho ne ho ka ntšoa lero le nkhang hamonate le oli e nyenyane feela limeleng tse fapa-fapaneng tse kang lipalesa, litholoana, makala, boka ba lifate kapa makhapetla. Bibele e bua ka limela tsa mofuta ona tse ngata tse nkhang hamonate tse kang, lekhala, balsame, boroku ba deliame, kalamase, kasia, sinamone, libano tse tšoeu, myra, safrone le nareda. Tse ling tsa tsona e ne e le lijalo tsa moo ’me li ne li fumaneha Phuleng ea Jordane. Linaha tse kang India, Arabia Boroa le tse ling tse neng li tumme ka ho hoeba ka libano li ne li boetse li hoeba ka limela tsena.
Oli ea Balsame e sa Tsejoeng Hantle
Bibele e bua ka oli ea balsame tlalehong e mabapi le Mofumahali Esthere, mofumahali oa Sheba le Morena Ezekiase, joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo. Ka 1988, ho ile ha fumanoa nkho e nyenyane ea oli lehaheng le haufi le Qumran, lebōpong le ka bophirimela la Leoatle le Shoeleng. E ile ea etsa hore bafuputsi ba ipotse lipotso. Na ee e ne e le sampole ea ho qetela ea oli ea balsame e tummeng? Bafuputsi ha ba tsebe karabo hantle. Ho fihlela kajeno, balemi ba leka ho fumana lihlahla tsa balsame le ho li lema hape.
Nkhoana ea lenaka la tlou e tšelang litlolo, Iseraele
Bopaki bo bontša hore oli ea balsame eo ho builoeng ka eona ka Bibeleng e ne e lengoa sebakeng se haufi le Ene-gedi. Ho epolotsoe libōpi, linkho le lintho tse entsoeng ka tšepe le masapo tsa lekholo la botšelela la lilemo pele ho Kreste, tse tšoanang le tse neng li sebelisetsoa ho etsa linkhisa-monate libakeng tse ling. Litsebi tse ngata li lumela hore lihlahla tsa balsame li tsoa Arabia kapa Afrika. Linkhisa-monate li ne li etsoa ka lero. Oli ea Balsame e ne e le theko e holimo hoo mekhoa ea ho e lema le ho e etsa e ne e bolokoa e le lekunutu.
Balsame e ne e boetse e nkoa e le ntho ea bohlokoa le litabeng tsa lipolotiki. Ka mohlala, ho latela rahistori Josephus, Mark Antony o ile a nka limela tsena tsohle tsa lihlahla tsa bohlokoa ’me a li fa Mofumahali Cleopatra oa Moegepeta e le mpho. Rahistori oa Moroma Pliny, o ile a bolela hore nakong ea Ntoa ea Bajuda lekholong la pele la lilemo mehleng ea Kreste, masole a Bajuda a ile a leka ho felisa limela tsohle tsa balsame e le hore Baroma ba neng ba ba hlōla ba se ke ba li nka.
Ho latela litlaleho tsa Bibele le se fumanoeng ke baepolli ba lintho tsa khale, re khona ho ba le leseli la kamoo batho ba mehleng ea Bibele ba neng ba sebelisa litlolo kateng. Bibele ha e nyatse ho sebelisoa ha litlolo le mekhabo e meng, empa e hlokomelisa hore li se ke tsa sebelisoa ka tsela e feteletseng. (1 Timothea 2:9) Moapostola Petrose o ile a bolela hore ntho ea “bohlokoa haholo mahlong a Molimo” ke “moea o thōtseng le o bonolo.” Ka lebaka la hore mekhoa ea ho apara le lifeshene li fetoha nako le nako, ruri ena ke keletso e molemo bakeng sa basali ba Bakreste, ba bacha le ba hōlileng.—1 Petrose 3:3, 4.
