WƆ April 2006, adwelie ngɛlata mɔɔ wɔ ewiade amuala la hanle edwɛkɛ mɔɔ yɛ azibɛnwo la kɛ nwomama bie ɛlɛye tete buluku bie mɔɔ bɛyɛ nuhua edwɛkɛ ne fofolɛ na ye edwɛkɛtile ne se “Dwudase Edwɛkpa” ne la amaa maanlema. Bɛhanle ye wɔ nu kɛ nwomama ne kile kɛ ɔbamaa menli ade Dwudase, ɛdoavolɛ ne mɔɔ yele Gyisɛse manle la abo kpalɛ. Nwomama ɛhye mɔ kile kɛ Dwudase liele duma kɛ ɛdoavolɛ mɔɔ ɛnee te Gyisɛse edwɛkɛ bo kpalɛ, na kɛmɔ Gyisɛse zɛlɛle ye la ati, ɔyele ye ɔmanle kɛ bɛhu ye.

Asoo edwɛkɛ ɛhye le nɔhalɛ? Saa ɔle zɔ a, asoo ɔmaa yɛnwu Dwudase Yesekaleɔto, Gyisɛse Kelaese anzɛɛ alumua Keleseɛnema anwo edwɛkɛ dɛba bie mɔɔ vea la? Asoo ɔwɔ kɛ ɔka kɛzi yɛbu Kelaese nee ye ngilehilelɛ la?

Kɛzi bɛnwunle “Dwudase Edwɛkpa” ne la ɛnla ali kpalɛ. Kɛ anrɛɛ menli mɔɔ tudu azɛlɛ nwo banwu ye na bɛayɛ nwolɛ kɛlɛtokɛ la, ɔvindele arɛlevilɛ nu wɔ ɛleka mɔɔ bɛtɔne tetedwɛkɛ la wɔ 1970 awieleɛ anzɛɛ 1980 mɔlebɛbo ne anu. Ɔbayɛ kɛ bɛnwunle ye wɔ Egypt wɔ 1978 wɔ nla dɛba bie, mɔɔ zɔho kɛ ɔle bolɛ bɔne la anu. Ɛnee ɔle ninyɛne nna mɔɔ wɔ tete buluku bie mɔɔ bɛhɛlɛle ye wɔ tete Egypt aneɛ nu la anu ko.

Kɛmɔ Egypt ɛlobɔ ne le resee la ati, ɛnee nwoma ne mɔɔ bɛvale bɛkyekyele bɛsanloangɛlɛlera ne anwo na bɛava bɛazie la ɛlɛsɛkye. Bɛvale bɛsanloangɛlɛlera ne bɛhilele nwomama wɔ mekɛ ekyi bie anu wɔ 1983; noko ɛnee ye bolɛ yɛ se kpalɛ, na bɛandɔne ye. Ɛvolɛ dɔɔnwo mɔɔ bɛanva bɛanzie kpalɛ na bɛbule bɛ nye bɛguale zolɛ la manle ɔzɛkyele ndɛndɛ. Wɔ ɛvolɛ 2000 ne anu, raalɛ bie mɔɔ tɔnedɔne tetedwɛkɛ mɔɔ vi Switzerland la dɔle. Ɔdɔle la ɔvale ɔmanle nrɛlɛbɛvolɛma bie mɔɔ bɛvi maanle ngakyile nu la, na Maecenas Foundation for Ancient Art nee National Geographic Society bie boale bɛ kɛ bɛyɛ bɛsanloangɛlɛlera ne boɛ na bɛhɛlɛ ye fofolɛ, ɔnva nwo kɛ bie mɔ ɛtete na yeyɛ ngyikyi ngyikyi la. Eku ɛhye eza bahile mekɛ tendenle mɔɔ bɛsanloangɛlɛlera ne ɛli la, na bɛahile edwɛkɛ mɔɔ wɔ nu la abo.

Debie mɔɔ bɛvale bɛyɛle neɛnleanu la boale manle bɛnwunle kɛ ɔbayɛ kɛ bɛsanloangɛlɛlera ne vi  ɛvoya ne mɔɔ tɔ zo nsa anzɛɛ nna Y.M. la anu. Noko akee nwomama ne zuzule kɛ bɛhilele “Dwudase Edwɛkpa” ne mɔɔ wɔ Egypt aneɛ ne anu la abo bɛvile Giliki ne mɔɔ bɛvale bɛhɛlɛle la anu wɔ mekɛ tendenle. Mekɛ nee tɛnlabelɛ boni anu a bɛhɛlɛle “Dwudase Edwɛkpa” ne a?

Irenaeus mɔɔ kɛlɛ Keleseɛne mbuluku wɔ ɛvoya ne mɔɔ tɔ zo nwiɔ Y.M. anu la a le awie mɔɔ lumua hanle “Dwudase Edwɛkpa” ne anwo edwɛkɛ wɔ ninyɛne mɔɔ ɔhɛlɛle la anu a. Wɔ buluku bie mɔɔ ɔhɛlɛle mɔɔ bɛfɛlɛ ye kɛ Against Heresies la anu, Irenaeus hɛlɛle menli dɔɔnwo mɔɔ ɔngulo bɛ ngilehilelɛ ne la ko anwo edwɛkɛ kɛ: “Bɛka kɛ ɛnee Dwudase maamɔvo ne ze ninyɛne ɛhye mɔ kpalɛ, na kɛmɔ yemɔ ɔze nɔhalɛ ne ɔtɛla menli mɔɔ ɛha la ati, yemɔ a holale nwunle kɛzi ɔbaye ɔ menle yeamaa la anwo feabo ne kpalɛ a. Ɔlua ɔ nwo zo yɛɛ ninyɛne mɔɔ wɔ anwuma nee azɛlɛ ye azo la kɔsɔɔti adwenle yɛle basaa a. Bɛbɔ bɛ ti anu bɛhɛlɛ tetedwɛkɛ ɛhye na bɛdo ye Dwudase Edwɛkpa ne.”

Irenaeus bɔle mɔdenle titile kɛ ɔbɔ Keleseɛnema mɔɔ fa sonla nrɛlɛbɛ kilehile, na bɛsuzu kɛ bɛye ndelebɛbo bie mɔɔ vea bɛhile bɛ la ngilehilelɛ ne yeagua. Bɛfa sunsum nu ndelebɛbo ɛzonlenlɛ bɛgyinla ɛkɛ bɛmaa ekpunli dɔɔnwo, mɔɔ biala kile Keleseɛne “nɔhalɛ” ne abo kɛmɔ ɔte ɔ bo la. Menli ɛhye mɔ gyinla mɔɔ bɛkɛlɛ la azo kile edwɛkɛ bo, na ɛhye hɔle zo wɔ ɛvoya ne mɔɔ tɔ zo nwiɔ Y.M. la anu.

Sonla nrɛlɛbɛ edwɛkpa ɛhye mɔ ta ka kɛ Gyisɛse ɛdoavolɛ titile ne mɔ ande ye edwɛkɛ ne abo na Gyisɛse hilehilele feabo debie mɔɔ bɛ nuhua ekyi mɔɔ ɔkpale bɛ la a dele ɔ bo a. * Nrɛlɛbɛvolɛma ɛhye mɔ bie die di kɛ ewiade ɛhye le efiade. Yemɔti, “bɔvolɛ nyamenle” ne mɔɔ wɔ Hibulu Ngɛlɛlera ne anu la le nyamenle ekyi, mɔɔ ɛnee dwazo tia nyamenle ngakyile mɔɔ di munli la. Awie mɔɔ lɛ nɔhalɛ “ndelebɛbo” la bade “feabo edwɛkɛ” ɛhye abo na yeanriandi yeavi ewiade ɛhye anu.

Kɛ bɛyɛle “Dwudase Edwɛkpa” ne la ɛne. Ye mukenye edwɛkɛ ne ka kɛ: “Feabo edwɛkɛ mɔɔ Gyisɛse bɔle ye nolo wɔ mekɛ mɔɔ ɔ nee Dwudase Yesekaleɔto ɛlɛdi adwelie, wɔ kenle mɔtwɛ, mɔɔ ɛnee yeha kenle nsa na yeali Akpabɛnwo ne la.”

Asoo bɛsanloangɛlɛlera ɛhye a Irenaeus hɛlɛle, mɔɔ bɛzuzule ye wɔ ɛvoya dɔɔnwo anu kɛ yeminli la? Marvin Meyer, mɔɔ boka menli mɔɔ lumua nleɛnleanle bɛsanloangɛlɛlera ɛhye anu na bɛhilele ɔ bo la ka kɛ, Irenaeus “edwɛkɛ sikalɛ ne mɔɔ ɔhanle la nee edwɛkɛ ne mɔɔ wɔ Egypt aneɛ nu mɔɔ ati se Dwudase Edwɛkpa ne la kɔ kɛnlɛma.”

Wɔ “Dwudase Edwɛkpa” ne anu, Gyisɛse zelele ye ɛdoavolɛma wɔ mekɛ mɔɔ bɛhilele kɛ bɛnde ninyɛne bo kpalɛ la. Noko Dwudase angomekye a le ɛzoanvolɛ 12 ne anu ko mɔɔ hilele kɛ ɔte kɛzi Gyisɛse de la abo a. Ɛhye ati, Gyisɛse hanle “belemgbunlililɛ ne anwo feabo edwɛkɛ” hilele ye.

Nwomama eku ne gyinlanle kɛzi Irenaeus hanle edwɛkpa ne anwo edwɛkɛ la azo a bɛhɛlɛle edwɛkɛ ne mɔɔ lumua la a. Wɔ bɛ ngilebɛbo ne anu, bɛhanle kɛ Dwudase le ɛdoavolɛ ko mɔɔ Gyisɛse hanle kɛ ɔbade feabo edwɛkɛ ne abo na “yeahɔ belemgbunlililɛ” ne anu a. Ɛzoanvolɛ ne mɔ mɔɔ bɛbɛlɛbɛla bɛ la bɛava awie azie Dwudase agyakɛ anu, noko ɔbayɛ “sunsum mɔɔ tɔ zo bulu nee nsa” mɔɔ “badɛla [ɛdoavolɛma mɔɔ ɛha]” la kɔsɔɔti ɔluakɛ kɛmɔ Gyisɛse hanle la, “bɛbava ahenle mɔɔ wulale me tɛladeɛ la babɔ afɔle.”

Mbuluku kɛlɛvolɛma mɔɔ bɛtɔ bɛ mbuluku dɔɔnwo mɔɔ le kɛ Bart Ehrman nee Elaine Pagels, mɔɔ bɛdabɛ noko bɛle alumua Keleseɛnezonlenlɛ nee  Sonla Nrɛlɛbɛ nwo mbɔlɔba mɔɔ ɛlie duma la, hɛlɛle neɛnleanu nee edwɛkɛ mɔɔ bɛlɛ wɔ “Dwudase Edwɛkpa” ne anwo, mɔɔ le kɛ eku ne mɔɔ lumua ɛdeɛ ne la ndɛndɛ. Noko akee, yeangyɛ, nwomama gyɛne mɔɔ le kɛ April DeConick nee Birger Pearson, hanle nwolɛ edwɛkɛ. Bɛhanle kɛ kɛmɔ bɛkpondɛ kɛ bɛfa bɛkɔ adwelie ngɛlata nu la ati, National Geographic Society ne anzi abotane na bɛahɛlɛ tete buluku ne. Bieko, nwoma adenle mɔɔ ɔwɔ kɛ bɛdua zo bɛyɛ neɛnleanu kpalɛ na bɛahɛlɛ buluku ne la bɛbule bɛ nye bɛguale zolɛ, ɔluakɛ bɛammaa eku ne anva ɔ sa anwula ngyehyɛleɛ biala abo.

DeConick nee Pearson biala yɛle ye gyima ɛdeɛ, na bɛhanle kɛ nwomama ne mɔɔ lumua la angile bɛsanloangɛlɛlera ngyikyi ne ɛleka bie mɔ mɔɔ hyia la abo kpalɛ. DeConick edwɛkɛ ne mɔɔ ɔziale ɔhɛlɛle ye bieko la kile kɛ, Gyisɛse vɛlɛle Dwudase kɛ ɔle “Sunsum Ɛtane Mɔɔ Tɔ Zo Bulu Nee Nsa,” na ɔnle “sunsum mɔɔ tɔ zo bulu nee nsa.” * Gyisɛse hanle hilele Dwudase wienyi kɛ ɔnrɛhɔ “belemgbunlililɛ” ne anu. Kɛ anrɛɛ ɔbadɛla ɛdoavolɛma mɔɔ ɛha la, Gyisɛse hanle hilele Dwudase kɛ: “Ɛbayɛ ninyɛne mɔɔ ɛnle kpalɛ la wɔadɛla bɛ muala. Ɔboalekɛ sonla ne mɔɔ wula me tɛladeɛ la ɛbava ye wɔabɔ afɔle.” DeConick kile kɛ, “Dwudase Edwɛkpa” ne le tete Sonla Nrɛlɛbɛ edwɛkɛ mɔɔ gole ɛzoanvolɛ ne mɔ kɔsɔɔti anwo a. DeConick nee Pearson dwulale bɛ edwɛkɛ ne kɛ wɔ “Dwudase Edwɛkpa” ɛhye anu, Dwudase anlie duma.

Saa bɛbule Dwudase mɔɔ wɔ edwɛkpa ɛhye anu la kɛ ɔliele duma anzɛɛ sunsum ɛtane o, nwomama mɔɔ neɛnleanle edwɛkɛ ɛhye anu la biala angile kɛ nuhua edwɛkɛ ne le nɔhalɛ. Bart Ehrman kilehile nu kɛ: “Ɔnle Edwɛkpa mɔɔ Dwudase hɛlɛle, anzɛɛ debie mɔɔ yɛbaha kɛ ɔle zɔ. . . . Ɔnle Edwɛkpa mɔɔ awie mɔɔ ze Dwudase kpalɛ la hɛlɛle wɔ ye mekɛ zo . . . Ɛhye ati, ɔnle buluku mɔɔ bamaa yɛanwu edwɛkɛ bieko mɔɔ amgba zile wɔ Gyisɛse mekɛ zo la.”

“Dwudase Edwɛkpa” ne le ɛvoya ne mɔɔ tɔ zo nwiɔ Y.M. la anu Sonla Nrɛlɛbɛ edwɛkɛ mɔɔ bɛlumuale bɛhɛlɛle ye wɔ Giliki nu la. Saa “Dwudase Edwɛkpa” ɛhye mɔɔ le debie fofolɛ mɔɔ bɛnwu ye la nee edwɛkɛ ne mɔɔ Irenaeus hanle nwolɛ edwɛkɛ la le ko a nwomama a bɛazu nwolɛ kpolera a. Noko “Dwudase Edwɛkpa” ne le daselɛ mɔɔ hyia mɔɔ maa yɛnwu mekɛ mɔɔ “Keleseɛnezonlenlɛ” nu hyɛle na eku nee ngilehilelɛ dɔɔnwo manle nuhua kpakyekpakyele la. Kɛ anrɛɛ ɔbamaa Ngɛlɛlera ne ayɛ adalɛ la, “Dwudase Edwɛkpa” ne maa ɛzoanvolɛ ne mɔ kɔkɔbɔlɛ, mɔɔ le kɛ mɔɔ Pɔɔlo hɛlɛle ye wɔ Gyima ne 20:29, 30 la yɛ nɔhalɛ kɛ: “Meze kɛ saa mekɔ a . . . menli vi bɛ avinli badwazo araha edwɛkɛ adalɛ ahwe diedima ne bie mɔ ahɔli bɛ nzi.”