ʻI ʻEPELELI 2006, naʻe hā ʻi he ngaahi nusipepa ʻi he māmaní ha talanoa fakaofo ʻa ia ko ha timi ʻo ha kau mataotao kuo nau tukuange mai ki he kakaí ha fakamatala ki ha ʻilo foʻou kuo nau maʻu ʻi ha tohi mei he kuonga muʻá ʻoku fakakaveinga ko e “Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí.” ʻOku lave ʻa e ngaahi kupu ko ení ki he taukaveʻi ʻe he kau mataotaó ni ko e fakamatala ko ení ʻokú ne liliu lahi ʻa e mahino ki he tuʻunga ʻo Siutasí, ko e ākonga naʻá ne lavakiʻi ʻa Sīsuú. Fakatatau ki he ngaahi taukaveʻi ko iá, ko Siutasí ko ha helo ia, ko e ʻapositolo naʻá ne ʻiloʻi lelei taha ʻa Sīsuú, ʻo ne tuku atu ia ke tāmateʻi ʻi ha kole ange pē ʻe Sīsū.

Ko ha fakamatala moʻoni eni mei he kuonga muʻá? Kapau ko ia, ʻokú ne fakahaaʻi ha ʻilo ʻe niʻihi naʻe fūfuuʻi fekauʻaki mo e tuʻunga fakahisitōlia ʻo Siutasi ʻIsikalioté, Sīsū Kalaisí pe muʻaki kau Kalisitiané? ʻOku totonu ke uesia ai ʻa e anga ʻo ʻetau mahinoʻi ʻo e lotu faka-Kalisitiané?

Ko e founga ʻa hono ʻilo ʻo e “Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí” ʻoku teʻeki ai ke fakapapauʻi. ʻI he ʻikai ke maʻu hake pea fai hano lēkooti ʻe he kau keli fakatotoló, ko e kōsipelí naʻe fakafokifā pē ʻene ʻasi ʻi he māketi ʻo e ngaahi meʻa he kuonga muʻá ʻi he konga ki mui ʻo e 1970 tupú pe kamataʻanga ʻo e 1980 tupú. ʻOku ngalingali naʻe ʻilo ʻi ʻIsipite ʻi he 1978 ʻi ha faʻitoka naʻe ʻikai toe ngāueʻaki, ko ha ʻana nai. Ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi tohi fakamatala kehekehe ʻe fā ʻoku ʻi ha codex (ko ha tohi ʻo e kuonga muʻá) naʻe hiki ʻi he Kopitiki (ko ha lea mei he kau ʻIsipite ʻo e kuonga muʻá).

Naʻe tauhi ʻi he laui senituli ʻi he ʻea mātuʻu ʻo ʻIsipité, ko e codex takafi leta ko ení naʻe maumaungofua pea vave ʻa e kovi ange hono tuʻungá. Naʻe fakaʻaliʻali taimi siʻi pē ki ha kau mataotao tokosiʻi ʻi he 1983; ka ko e totongi naʻe ʻeké naʻe fuʻu mamafa, pea naʻe ʻikai ke fai hano fakatau. Ko hono liʻaki mo taʻetokangaʻi ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu ne iku ai ke vave ange ʻene maumau ʻa e codex. ʻI he 2000, naʻe fakatau ia ʻe ha tokotaha fefakatauʻaki koloa ʻo e kuonga muʻá mei Suisalani. Naʻe faifai atu pē ʻo ʻoatu ʻe he fefiné ni ki ha timi fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻo e kau taukei, ʻa ia naʻa nau ngāue mo poupouʻi ʻe he Maecenas Foundation for Ancient Art mo e National Geographic Society, naʻe vaheʻi kiate kinautolu ʻa e ngāue faingataʻa ki hono toe fakafoki mo fakaleleiʻi ʻa e codex, ʻa ia ko e niʻihi kuo maumau ia ʻo kongokonga. Ko e timi ko ení te nau toe fakapapauʻi ʻa e motuʻa ʻo e codex, pea liliu mo fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻa e fakamatalá.

 ʻI hono siviʻí naʻe fakapapauʻi ai ʻoku ngalingali ko e codex naʻe haʻu mei he senituli hono tolú pe ko hono fā T.S. Kae kehe, naʻe mahalo ʻa e kau potó ia ko e lea faka-Kopitiki ʻo e “Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí” naʻe ʻosi liliu ia mei he ʻuluaki tatau faka-Kalisí ʻi ha taimi ki muʻa fuoloa ange. Ko e hā ʻa e taimi totonu mo e tuʻunga ʻa ia naʻe faʻu ai ʻa e “Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí”?

Ko e fuofua lave ki he ʻi ai ha tohi naʻe ui ko e “Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí” ʻoku maʻu ia ʻi he ngaahi tohi ʻa ʻIleniasí, naʻe taku ko ha faʻutohi Kalisitiane ʻi he konga ki mui ʻo e senituli hono ua T.S. ʻI ha tohi naʻe ui ko e Against Heresies, ʻoku tohi ʻe ʻIleniasi fekauʻaki mo e taha ʻi he ngaahi kulupu lahi ʻa ia ko ʻenau ngaahi akonakí naʻá ne fakafepakiʻi: “ʻOku nau tala ko Siutasí ko e tokotaha lavaki naʻá ne mātuʻaki alāanga mo e ngaahi meʻa ko ení pea ko ia toko taha pē, ʻi heʻene ʻiloʻi ʻa e moʻoní ʻo ʻikai ke toe ʻilo ki ai ʻa e niʻihi ko ē, naʻá ne ʻiloʻi ʻa e misiteli ʻo e lavakí. Fakafou ʻiate ia ko e ngaahi meʻa kotoa pē, fakatouʻosi ʻi māmani mo hēvani, naʻe hoko ia ʻo fakapuputuʻu. ʻOku nau faʻu ʻa e ngaahi hisitōlia ʻikai ke moʻoni ʻo hangē ko ení, ʻa ia ʻoku nau fakakaveinga ko e Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí.”

Ko ʻIleniasí naʻá ne mātuʻaki fakataumuʻa ke fakataʻeʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi akonaki kehekehe ʻa e kau Kalisitiane Nositiká, ʻa ia naʻa nau taukaveʻi ʻoku nau maʻu ha ʻilo makehe. Ko e kau tui faka-Nositiká ko ha tuʻunga fakalūkufua ia ʻa ia ʻoku fakamalumalu ki ai ʻa e ngaahi kulupu lahi kotoa kae fakatatau ki heʻenau mahino mo e fakatonulea pē ʻanautolu ʻo e “moʻoni” faka-Kalisitiané. Naʻe fakautuutu ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻuhinga ʻa e kau Nositiká ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi heʻenau tohi pē ʻanautolu, ʻa ia naʻe tupu vave lolotonga ʻa e senituli hono ua T.S.

Ko e ngaahi kōsipeli faka-Nositika peheé ʻoku nau faʻa taukaveʻi ko e kau ʻapositolo tuʻu-ki-muʻa ʻa Sīsuú naʻe ʻikai ke nau mahinoʻi ʻene pōpoakí pea ʻoku ʻi ai ha akonaki fakapulipuli ia naʻe ʻoange ʻe Sīsū ʻa ia naʻe mahinoʻi pē ia ʻe he tokosiʻi naʻe filifilí. * Ko e niʻihi ʻo e kau Nositika ko iá naʻa nau tui ko e māmani ko ení ko ha pilīsone. Ko ia ai, ko e “ʻotua ʻo e fakatupu” ʻo e Ngaahi Konga Tohi Tapu Faka-Hepeluú ko ha ʻotua maʻulalo ange ia, naʻá ne fakafepaki ki he ngaahi ʻotua haohaoa kehé. Ko ha taha mo e “ʻilo” moʻoní te ne mahinoʻi ʻa e “fakapulipuli” ko ení pea kumi ki ha tauʻatāina mei he sino fakakakanó.

Ko e founga ia ʻoku tapua atu ʻi he “Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí.” ʻOku kamataʻaki ʻa e lea: “Ko e lea fakapulipuli naʻe fakahā ʻe Sīsū ʻi heʻene fetalanoaʻaki mo Siutasi ʻIsikalioté, lolotonga ʻo e ʻaho ʻe valú, ʻa ia ko e ʻaho ia ʻe tolu ki muʻa ke ne kātoangaʻi ʻa e Pāsová.”

Ko e codex ko ení ko ia pē, naʻe tohi ʻa ʻIleniasi ʻo fekauʻaki mo iá, ʻa ia ʻi he laui senituli naʻe pehē naʻe molé? Ko Marvin Meyer, ko ha mēmipa ʻo e ʻuluaki timi naʻa nau ʻanalaiso mo liliu ʻa e codex ko ení, ʻoku pehē ko ʻIleniasi “ʻoku mātuʻaki feʻunga mālie ʻene fakamatala nounou ʻo e lea faka-Kopitiki lolotongá ʻoku fakakaveinga ko e Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí.”

ʻI he “Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí,” naʻe kata manuki ʻa Sīsū ʻi he fakahāhā ʻe heʻene kau ākongá ʻa e ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha ʻilo totonú. Ka ko Siutasi pē tokotaha ʻi he kau ʻapositolo ʻe toko 12 naʻe hā mei ai ʻa ʻene mahinoʻi ʻa e natula moʻoni ʻo Sīsuú. Ko ia ai, naʻe vahevahe ange kiate ia pē ʻe Sīsū ʻa e “ngaahi misiteli fekauʻaki mo e puleʻangá.”

Ko e ʻuluaki fakatahatahaʻi ʻo e tohí ʻe he timi ʻo e kau mataotaó naʻe uesia lahi ia ʻe he fakamatala ʻa ʻIleniasi fekauʻaki mo e kōsipelí. ʻI heʻenau liliú, naʻe saiʻia ʻa Sīsū ʻia Siutasi ko e ākonga pē ia ʻe taha naʻá ne mahinoʻi ʻa e ngaahi misitelí pea “aʻu” ki he “puleʻangá.” Ko e kau ʻapositolo takihalaʻí te nau ui ha fetongi ʻo Siutasi, ka ʻe hoko leva ia ko e “laumālie hono taha tolú” ʻa ia ʻe “sai ange ia ʻi he kotoa [ʻo e kau ākonga kehé]” koeʻuhí, ʻoku pehē ʻe Sīsuú, “naʻá ne tokoniʻi au ke mavahe mei hoku sino fakakakanó.”

Ko e kau faʻutohi ʻoku fakataua taha ʻenau ʻū tohí, hangē ko Bart Ehrman mo Elaine Pagels, ʻa ia naʻá na toe mataotao ʻi he taimi ʻo e muʻaki kau Kalisitiané mo e Nositiká naʻá na pulusi leva ʻena fakamatala  pē ʻakinaua tonu mo e ngaahi fakamatala ʻo e “Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí” ʻo muimui pē ʻi he founga fokotuʻutuʻu ʻa e ʻuluaki timí. Kae kehe, hili ha taimi siʻi mei ai, ko e kau mataotao kehé, hangē ko April DeConick mo Birger Pearson, naʻá na fakahāhā ha hohaʻa. Naʻá na taukaveʻi kapau ʻe tuku atu ki he mītiá, ko e National Geographic Society te ne fakavave ke pulusi ʻa e fakamatala kuonga muʻá. Tānaki atu ki aí, ko e founga anga-maheni ʻo hono ʻanalaiso fakaʻauliliki mo pulusi ki muʻa ke vakaiʻí naʻe tuku ia, koeʻuhí ko e timí naʻe fiemaʻu ke nau fakamoʻoni ʻi ha aleapau ke ʻoua ʻe lea.

ʻI he ngāue tauʻatāiná, ko DeConick mo Pearson fakatouʻosi naʻá na fakamulituku ko e niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi konga tefito ʻo e kongokonga codex naʻe liliu halaʻi ia ʻe he kau mataotao ki muʻá. Fakatatau ki hono fakatahatahaʻi ʻe DeCconick ʻa e fakamatalá, ʻoku ui ʻe Sīsū ʻa Siutasi ko e “Tēmeniō Hono Taha Tolu,” ʻikai ko e “laumālie hono taha tolu.” * Naʻe toe tala mahino ʻe Sīsū kia Siutasi heʻikai ke ne ʻalu hake ki he “puleʻangá.” ʻI he ʻikai ke ne ‘māʻolunga’ ʻi he kau ākonga kehé, naʻe pehē ʻe Sīsū kia Siutasi: “ʻE kovi ange ʻa e meʻa te ke faí ʻiate kinautolu kotoa. He ko e tangata ʻokú ne fakakofu aú, te ke feilaulauʻi ia.” ʻI he vakai ʻa DeConick, ko e “Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí” ko ha lea faka-Nositika he kuonga muʻá ʻokú ne manukiʻi ʻa e kau ʻapositoló hono kotoa. Ko e fakamulituku naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe DeConick mo Pearson ʻi he “Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí” ko Siutasi ʻoku ʻikai ko ha helo.

Tatau ai pē pe naʻa nau lau ʻa Siutasi ʻo e kōsipeli ko ení ko ha helo pe ko ha tēmeniō, naʻe ʻikai ha tokotaha ia ʻi he kau mataotao naʻa nau ʻanalaiso ʻa e fakamatala ko ení naʻá ne taukaveʻi naʻe tonu ʻa e fakamatala fakahisitōlia ʻi aí. ʻOku fakamatala ʻa Bart Ehrman: “ʻOku ʻikai ko ha Kōsipeli ia naʻe hiki ʻe Siutasi, pe ha taha ʻokú ne pehē ko ia. . . . ʻOku ʻikai ko ha Kōsipeli ia naʻe hiki tonu ʻi he taimi ʻo Siutasí ʻe ha tokotaha naʻá ne ʻiloʻi moʻoni ia . . . Ko ia ai, ʻoku ʻikai ko ha tohi ia, ke ne tokonaki mai kiate kitautolu ha fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e meʻa naʻe hoko moʻoni ʻi he taimi ʻo Sīsuú.”

Ko e “Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí” ko ha fakamatala faka-Nositika ia mei he senituli hono ua T.S., naʻe ʻuluaki hiki ʻi he lea faka-Kalisí. Tatau pē pe ko e ʻilo foʻou ko eni ʻo e “Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí” ʻoku tatau ia mo e fakamatala naʻe lave ki ai ʻa ʻIleniasí ʻoku kei tālangaʻi ia ʻe he kau mataotaó. Ka ko e “Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí” ʻokú ne ʻomai mahino ʻa e fakamoʻoni mahuʻinga pē fekauʻaki mo e vahaʻa taimi ʻa ia naʻe mapakipaki mo mavahevahe ai ʻa e “Kalisitiané” ʻi he feʻauʻauhi ʻa e ngaahi lotu mavahé mo e ngaahi tokāteliné. ʻI he ʻikai ke fakahalaki ʻa e Tohi Tapú, ko e “Kōsipeli ʻa Siutasí” ʻokú ne fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakatokanga fakaʻapositoló, ʻo hangē ko ia ʻoku lēkooti ʻe Paula ʻi he Ngāue 20:29, 30: “ʻOku ou ʻiloʻi ko e hili ko ia ʻeku ʻalú . . . mei homou haʻohaʻonga tonu ʻe ʻalu hake mei ai ha kau tangata pea te nau leaʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻa kuo mioʻi ke tohoakiʻi atu ai ʻa e kau ākongá ke muimui ʻiate kinautolu.”