NKHANI YA PACHIKUTO | KODI MAWU A MULUNGU AMATI CHIYANI PA NKHANI YA KUSUTA FODYA?
Mliri wa Padziko Lonse
Kuyambira kale anthu akhala akumwalira chifukwa cha kusuta fodya.
Zaka 100 zapitazo, anthu okwana 100 miliyoni anafa chifukwa cha kusuta.
Anthu pafupifupi 6 miliyoni amamwalira chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha vutoli.
Choncho tingati pa masekondi 6 alionse, munthu mmodzi amamwalira.
Ndipo palibe chikusonyeza kuti ziwerengerozi zingatsike.
Kafukufuku wina anasonyeza kuti ngati zinthu zingapitirire chonchi, pofika m’chaka cha 2030, chiwerengero cha anthu omwalira chifukwa cha kusuta chidzafika pa 8 miliyoni pa chaka. Kafukufukuyu anasonyezanso kuti pomafika kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 2000, chiwerengerochi chidzafika pa 1 biliyoni.
Koma vuto la kusuta fodya silikhudza anthu okhawo amene amasuta. Anthu enanso amene amakhudzidwa, ndi anthu a m’banja la munthu wosutayo chifukwa amavutika maganizo ndi zimenezi ndiponso zimabweretsa mavuto azachuma m’banja. Komanso anthu okwana 600,000 amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa chopuma utsi wa fodya amene anthu ena akusuta. Tingatinso kusuta kumakhudza munthu aliyense m’dziko chifukwa kumachititsa kuti ndalama zambiri ziziwonongedwa m’zipatala.
Nthawi zambiri pakagwa mliri, madokotala amayesetsa kufufuza mankhwala pofuna kuthana ndi vutolo. Koma mliri wa kusuta uli kale ndi mankhwala ndipo mankhwala ake ndi odziwika. Mkulu wa Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse, dzina lake Margaret Chan, ananena kuti: “Vuto la kusuta fodya limayambitsidwa ndi anthu, choncho kuti lithe, pangangofunika kuti boma ndi anthu agwirane manja.”
Posachedwapa mayiko achita zinthu zosiyanasiyana pofuna kuthetsa vutoli. Mwachitsanzo, mu August 2012, mayiko 175 anagwirizana kuti akhazikitse mfundo zokhudza kusuta fodya. * Komabe pali zinthu zina zimene zikuchititsa kuti vutoli lisathe. Mwachitsanzo, chaka chilichonse mabungwe oona za fodya amawononga ndalama zankhaninkhani kutsatsa malonda a fodya. Iwo amachita zimenezi n’cholinga choti akope anthu a m’mayiko osauka, makamaka azimayi ndi achinyamata kuti ayambe kusuta. Zimenezi zikuchititsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu osuta chipitirire kukwera kuwonjezera pa anthu okwana 1 biliyoni amene amasuta kale. Komanso ngati anthu amene amasuta sangasiye kusuta, ndiye kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwalira chifukwa cha vutoli chikwera kwambiri m’zaka 40 zikubwerazi.
Chibaba komanso mauthenga otsatsa malonda a fodya amachititsa anthu ena omwe akufuna kusiya kusuta kuti azilephera kusiya. Zimenezi n’zimene zinkachitikira mayi wina dzina lake Naoko. Iye Anayamba kusuta fodya ali mtsikana. Ankatengera zimene otsatsa malonda ankanena zokhudza kusuta, ndipo izi zinachititsa kuti aziona kuti kusuta n’kwabwino. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi ana awiri komanso makolo ake anamwalira chifukwa cha khansa ya m’mapapo yomwe inabwera chifukwa cha kusuta, iye anapitirizabe kusuta fodya. Naoko anati: “Ndinkada nkhawa kuti nanenso ndikhoza kupezeka ndi khansa ya m’mapapo komanso kuti ana anga akhoza kudwala, koma sindinasiye kusuta. Ndipotu ndinkaona kuti sindingathe kusiya kusuta fodya.”
Koma kenako Naoko anasiya kusuta. Pali mfundo zinazake zomwe zinamuthandiza kuti asiye kusuta fodya, ndipo mfundo zimenezi zathandizanso anthu ambirimbiri. Kodi mfundo zimenezi ndi ziti? Tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge nkhani yotsatirayi.
^ ndime 11 Mfundo zimenezi ndi monga, kuphunzitsa anthu za kuopsa kosuta, kuletsa kuti fodya asamagulitsidwe mwachisawawa, kukweza msonkho wa fodya komanso kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu othandiza anthu kusiya kusuta.
