Lionel Casson, tiku liwana kalakgapasa barcos xalamakgasa, wan pi xkamapastokgkan pakglhat o lhtakala nema litaju kchuchut barco, tiku xtlawakgo barcos kxkilhtamakukan romanos, «xlitlawakgo betún kxpulakni chu kxmakni». Tiku xapulana maklakaskinkgolh betún kbarcos wa acadios chu babilonios alistalh na maklakaskinkgolh romanos.

Anta kʼGénesis 6:14 na lichuwinan la xtlawakan. Tachuwin xa hebreo nema tamatitaxti «alquitrán» max xkilhchanima betún, nema xmaxtunikan petróleo.

Betún pulaktiy la lilakgapaskan: chuchutwa chu nema xapalha. Tiku xtlawakgo barcos xala makgasa xmaklakaskinkgo betún xachuchutwa xlakata nalitlawakgo kxpulakni. Akxni xlitlawakgonita betún kskaka chu xpalhan uma xtlawa pi ni xlakgtanulh chuchut.

Ktiyat nema lichuwinan Biblia lu lhuwa xʼanan betún. Kxakaxtum xtiyat Sidim, niku wi mar Muerto, lhuwa pozos xla betún xʼanan (Génesis 14:10).

Lu xlakaskinka taway litaxtunit skiti la makgasata. Makgapitsi xʼapóstoles Jesús xchipananin skiti xwankgonit kpupunu xla Galilea, akxni nina kstalaninanin xwankgonit (Mateo 4:18-22). Lhuwa nema xchipakgo xlinkan lakatsu niku «xlakkaxtlawakan».

Chuna la xtlawakan xlakata ni natalakgalhi skiti nema xmaklakaskinkan Galilea wi niku chuntiya maklakaskinkanku la uku. Pulana xmaxtunikan tuku xkgalhi kxpulakni, xlichakgekan chuchut. Likgalhtawakga Studies in Ancient Technology (Estudios en tecnología antigua) wan pi «xlimakxapakan laklanka matsat niku xlijaxanan chu xkilhni chu xmakgpipekgs. Alistalh xwilikan skiti chu alistalh matsat awatiya xliʼakgtlapakan akgtum lhakgat nema xaskakni. Xmakgxtakgkan akgtutu o asta akgkitsis kilhtamaku, chu alistalh xkamalakgaspitkan chu xkamakgxtaparakan watiya kilhtamaku. Kʼuma kilhtamaku tuku xtaxtunikgo skiti anta xtamakgxtakga kmatsat. Akxni xpalhan skiti na lhtatankan xwan».

Ni takatsi la akglit kilhtamaku xmakgapala skiti nema xkaxtlawakanit. Pero egipcios xala makgasa, xmalakgachakgo kSiria skiti nema xlakkaxtlawakanit, uma wamputun pi lu tlan la xtlawakanit.