1-3. Baana ba bwanga ba kwa Yesu batalañene na ñanyi makatazho pa kusapwila mambo awama ku “bisaka byonse bya bantu”?

YESU KILISHITU wapele baana banji ba bwanga mwingilo mukatampe. Wibakambizhe’mba: “Yainga na kufunjisha bantu ba mu bisaka byonse bya bantu kwikala ke baana bami ba bwanga.” Byo baingijilenga uno mwingilo, “mambo awama a Bufumu [beasapwijile] pano pa ntanda ponse kwikala bukamonyi ku bisaka byonse bya bantu.”—Mat. 24:14; 28:19.

² Baana ba bwanga batemenwe Yesu ne mambo awama. Pano bino, kampe balangulukilenga pa byo bakonsheshe kwingila uno mwingilo wabo. Mambo bajingatu bacheche. Yesu ye basapwilanga’mba ye Mwana Lesa, bamwipayile. Baana banji ba bwanga bebamonanga’mba “kechi bafunjile ne, bantutu.” (Byu. 4:13) Bino basapwijilenga mambo alengulwilenga mafunjisho a bantangi ba bupopweshi, bo banemekele bafunjile masukulu a bisho byajingako kala kene. Mu kyalo kyabo mo baikalanga, baana ba bwanga kechi bebanemekele ne. Kabiji kisaka kya bena Isalela kyakepele bingi inge kwikyesakanya ku Bufumu bwa Loma.

 ³ Kabiji Yesu wajimwineko baana banji ba bwanga amba bakebashikwa ne kwibamanyika kabiji bamo bakebepaya. (Luka 21:16, 17) Bakebasololanga, kabiji kukekala bangauzhi ba bubela ne kuvujilako kwa bubi. (Mat. 24:10-12) Nangwa kya kuba mambo abo bakeatambwila bulongo ku mapunzha onse, pano bakonsheshe byepi kwiatwala “monse mwapela ntanda”? (Byu. 1:8) Ano makatazho amwekele kubaya!

4. Baana ba bwanga ba mu myaka kitota kitanshi baingijile byepi bulongo mwingilo wabo wa kusapwila?

⁴ Kechi na mambo a bijikila byo bajinga nabyo ne, baana ba bwanga babambakene kusapwila mambo awama, kechi mu Yelusalema ne mu Samaliya monkatu ne, bino ne monse mwapelele kyalo kyajingako kala. Nangwa kya kuba baana ba bwanga bapichilenga mu makatazho, byo papichile myaka 30 mambo awama “asapwijilwe ku bilengwa byonse biji pano panshi” ne “kupanga bipangwa ne kuya na kukumbana pano pa ntanda ponse.” (Kolo. 1:6, 23) Kya kumwenako: Na mambo a byaambile mutumwa Paulo ne byo aubile pa jikuji ja Kipilusa, mukulumpe wa kibunji mwina Loma aye Seligiusa Paulosi “waitabijile, mambo wakuminye bingi pa bintu byo afunjile pe Yehoba.”—Tangai Byubilo 13:6-12.

5. (a) Ñanyi mulaye Yesu ye alayile baana banji ba bwanga? (b) Pa mambo a bintu byo byajinga mu myaka kitota kitanshi, bantu bamo baambapo amba ka?

⁵ Baana ba bwanga ba kwa Yesu bayukile’mba kechi bakonsheshe kwingila mwingilo wa kusapwila bunke bwabo ne. Yesu waambile’mba ukekala nabo ne kuba’mba mupashi wazhila ukebakwasha. (Mat. 28:20) Bimye bimo, bintu byo byajinga mu kyalo pa kyokya kimye byalengejile mwingilo wa kusapwila Bufumu kwenda bulongo. Buku umo waamba’mba: “Kyamweka mwapita bwikalo bwa bantu pano pa ntanda kafwako kimye kyawamine kutendekelamo kipwilo kya katataka kyakila kitota kitanshi kya AD ne . . . Byo kyafikile kitota kya bubiji bena Kilishitu . . . batendekele kwamba’mba bwajinga bulume bwa Lesa bwalengejile ntanda kwikala byobya pa kuba’mba bwina Kilishitu butendeke.”—Evangelism in the Early Church.

6. Ñanyi bintu byo tusakwisamba (a) mu uno mutwe? (b) mu walondelapo?

⁶ Baibolo kechi waambapo Lesa byo alengejile bintu kwikala mu myaka kitota kitanshi pa kuba’mba mwingilo wa kusapwila ende bulongo ne. Bino kishinka ke kino: Yehoba wakebelenga mambo awama kwiasapwila, bino Satana kechi wakebelenga ne. Mu uno mutwe tusakwisamba pa bintu byalengejile mwingilo wa kusapwila kwenda bulongo mu myaka kitota kitanshi kukila kimye kikwabo mwapita bwikalo bwa bantu. Mu mutwe walondelapo, tukesamba pa bintu byaubiwa ano moba bitukwasha kusapwila mambo awama monse mwapela ntanda.

7. Pax Romana ye mu ka, kabiji wawamine byepi?

⁷ Mu mashinda amo, bufumu bwa Loma bwa mu myaka kitota kitanshi bwalengejile bena Kilishitu kwingila bulongo. Kya kumwenako, kwajinga Pax Romana, nangwa’mba Mutende wa mu Loma. Bufumu bwa Loma bwalengejile bantu kwikala bulongo monse mo bwapichile. Bimye bimo kwajinga “makondo ne nkuwa ya makondo,” byonka byaambile Yesu. (Mat. 24:6) Bashilikale bena Loma baonawine Yelusalema mu 70 C.E., kabiji kwajinga makondo acheche ku mipaka ya bufumu bwabo. Nangwa byonkabyo, byo papichile nobe myaka 200 kufuma kimye kyajingako Yesu, byalo bya ku Meditelanya byaikele kwa kubula malwañano.  Buku umo waamba’mba: “Mwapita bwikalo bwa bantu kechi kwajingapo kimye kyabaya bibye kya kwikala mutende ne, kabiji kechi kukekalapo kimye kikwabo kya kwikala mutende mukachi ka bantu bavula ne.”

8. Nga mutende wajingako walengejile bena Kilishitu kumwenamo byepi?

⁸ Byo aambilenga pa mulanguluko wanji, Origen wamba pa bya bupopweshi wa mu myaka kitota kya busatu, wanembele’mba: “Inge kya kuba kwajinga bufumu bwavula, inge kyalengejile mafunjisho a kwa Yesu kubula kusampana mu kyalo kyonse . . . mambo banabalume konse konse inge bebakanjikizhenga kutwela bushilikale ne kuzhikijila kyalo kyabo. . . . Kabiji ano mafunjisho anji aambilenga pa mutende ne kukanya bantu kubula kushinkanya na balwanyi babo, inge asampaine byepi byalo byonse saka byabula kupimpula byubilo ne kubula kwikala na muchima watekanya ku ntendekelo ya kwa Yesu?” Basapwishi ba Bufumu bebamanyikanga mu Bufumu bwa Loma, bino bajinga bantu ba mutende kabiji kyamweka bamwenejilemo mu mutende wajingako pa kyokya kimye.—Tangai Loma 12:18-21.

9, 10. Mambo ka o kyapelejile baana ba bwanga kwenda mu Bufumu bwa Loma?

⁹ Bena Kilishitu baingijishenga bulongo mikwakwa ya mu Loma yawama. Pa kuzhikijila ne kulama bulongo bangikazhi, bufumu bwa Loma bwajinga na bashilikale bakosa kabiji baingilanga bulongo. Pa kuvilula bukiji bashilikale, kwakebewanga mikwakwa yawama, kabiji bena Loma bajinga basendwe mu kulenga mikwakwa. Bashayuka bena Loma balengele mikwakwa yakijile makilomita 80,000 (mamailoshi 50,000 ) yasambakenye bibunji byonse. Ino mikwakwa yapichile mungye, kupita mu biselebwa ne mu mitumba.

¹⁰ Kununga pa mikwakwa yabo, bena Loma baingijishanga ne mikola ne mifolo yalepele makilomita 27,000 (mamailoshi 17,000). Maato akatampe abena Loma ayanga mu mashinda 900 apusana pusana apa kalunga ka mema asambakenye biito byavula. Onkao mambo, bena Kilishitu bapitanga monse mu bufumu bwa Loma. Kwajinga makatazho, bino mutumwa Paulo ne bakwabo bapitañananga mu bufumu bonse kwa kubula bitupa. Kechi kwajinga makashitomo ne pa kusopela bakañenda ne. Bambanzhi bachinanga kwibakambula ku bena Loma, onkao mambo, mikwakwa yawamine kwendamo. Kabiji kwenda pa kalunga ka mema nako kwawamine, mambo bashilikale ba pa mema bena Loma basopanga mashinda a pa kalunga ka mema kuchina bambanzhi ba pa mema. Nangwa kya kuba bimye byavula maato aendengamo Paulo aonaikanga ne kupita mu bizumba pa kalunga ka mema, Binembelo kechi byaambapo amba pa lwendo lwanji bebalukukilepo ku bambanzhi ba pa mema ne.—2 Ko. 11:25, 26.

11. Mambo ka baana ba bwanga o baingijishenga mulaka wa Kingiliki?

¹¹ Mulaka wa Kingiliki kyapela nangwa’mba Koine, walengejile kumvwañana bulongo ne kukwatankana mu kipwilo kya bwina Kilishitu. Na mambo a kushinda kwa kwa Alekasanda Mukatampe, Kingiliki kyo kyaambanga bavula ne kumvwa. Onkao mambo, bakalume ba Lesa besambanga na bantu ba mitundu yonse kabiji kino kyalengejile mambo awama kusampana. Kabiji Bayudea baikalanga mu Ijipita batuntulwile Binembelo bya Kihebelu mu Kingiliki. Bantu bapijilwe kwingijisha Baibolo wa Septuagint,  kabiji baana ba bwanga ba kwa Kilishitu batanshi bamwingijishanga. Kabiji bena Kilishitu bataaine’mba kyawama kwingijisha Kingiliki mu bintu byo banembelenga. Kyajinga na byambo byavula byawamine kulumbulwilamo bintu bya ku mupashi.

12. (a) Codex ye mu ka, kabiji wawamine byepi kukila muvungilo? (b) Ñanyi kimye codex kyo batendekele kumwingijisha ku bena Kilishitu bavula?

¹² Bena Kilishitu baingijishanga byepi Binembelo mu mwingilo wabo? Mivungilo yakatazhe bingi, mambo beivunganga ne kwiivungulula, kabiji javula beinembangatu lubaji lumo. Mambo awama anembele Mateo bunketu ayulanga muvungilo yense. Pano bino kwaishile codex, wajinga buku mutanshi. Walengelwe na mapepala o balamikile pamo. Muntu ubena kutanga wazhikulanga codex ne kutaana bukiji Kinembelo. Nangwa kya kuba kechi kyayukanyikwa bulongo kimye bena Kilishitu kyo batendekele kwingijisha codex ne, buku umo waamba’mba: “Bena Kilishitu ntanda yonse baingijishanga codex mu myaka kitota kya bubiji kya kuba kimye kyo batendekele kumwingijisha kyafwainwa kwikala A.D. 100 saka akyangye kufika.”

13, 14. (a) Paulo waingijishe byepi bungikazhi bwanji bwa mu Loma? (b) Mizhilo ya Loma yalengejile bena Kilishitu kumwenamo byepi?

¹³ Mizhilo ya Loma yajinga na bulume mu bufumu bonse, kabiji kwikala ngikazhi mu Loma kwapanga muntu luusa ne kuzhikijilwa. Paulo waingijishanga bungikazhi bwanji bwa bwina Loma pa bimye byavula. Byo bakebelenga kumupuma bipumo mu Yelusalema, uno mutumwa waipwizhe mushilikale mwina Loma amba: “Nanchi kijitu bulongo anweba bantu kupuma muntu mwina Loma ye babula kuzhachisha nyi?” Kechi kyajinga bulongo ne. Paulo byo aambile’mba ngikazhi wa mu Loma wasemekelwe nabo, “aba bakebelenga kumutebawisha kupichila mu kumupuma bipumo bafumineko ko aji; kabiji mwine mukulumpe wa bashilikale waubile moyo byo ayukile’mba [Paulo] mwina Loma ne na mambo a kumukasa minyololo.”—Byu. 22:25-29.

¹⁴ Bungikazhi bwa kwa Paulo mu Mizhilo ya Loma bwamulengejile kumubila lusa mu Filipai. (Byu. 16:35-40) Mu Efisesa, kinemanga wa muzhi waambile pa mizhilo ya Loma panyuma ya kuzhindamikapo jibumba jazhingijile. (Byu. 19:35-41) Paulo byo alombele’mba mambo anji beambe jikwabo byo ajinga mu Kesalea, kyamushinkwijile jishinda  ja kuzhikijila lwitabilo lwanji ku meso a kwa Kesala. (Byu. 25:8-12) Onkao mambo, mizhilo ya Loma yakwashishe “kulwila mambo awama ne kutambula luusa lwa kwiasapwila.”—Fili. 1:7.

15. Bayudea ba mu myaka kitota kitanshi bavujile byepi?

¹⁵ Bimye bimo, bena Kilishitu kibapelejile kusapwila, mambo Bayudea bapalañenejile monse mwapichile bufumu bwa Loma. Mu myaka bitota bitanshi, bena Asilya ne bena Babilona bapangilemo Bayudea mu kyalo kyabo. Mu myaka kitota kya butanu B.C.E., mu bibunji 127 bya Bufumu bwa Pelisha mwajinga Bayudea. (Esh. 9:30) Yesu byo ajinga pano pa ntanda, Bayudea bajinga mu Ijipita ne mu mapunzha akwabo a mu North Africa, ne mu Gilisi, Asha Maina ne mu Mesopotamya. Kyatanwa’mba mu bantu nobe 60,000,000 bajinga mu Bufumu bwa Loma, umo pa bantu 14 wajinga Muyudea. Bayudea basendanga bupopweshi bwabo konse ko bayanga.—Mat. 23:15.

16, 17. (a) Mu ñanyi mashinda kupalañenamo kwa Bayudea mo kwakwashishe bantu bavula babujile Bayudea? (b) Ñanyi byubilo bya Bayudea byatendekele kulondela baana ba bwanga?

¹⁶ Na mambo a kuba Bayudea bapalañenejilemo, bantu bavula babujile Bayudea bayukile Binembelo bya Kihebelu. Bafunjile’mba kujitu Lesa wa kine umo ne kuba’mba aba bamwingijila bafwainwa kwikala na byubilo byawama. Kabiji mu Binembelo bya Kihebelu mwavujile bungauzhi bwaambilenga pe Mesiasa. (Luka 24:44) Bonse Bayudea ne bena Kilishitu bayukile’mba Binembelo bya Kihebelu byajinga Mambo a Lesa anembelwe na lutangijilo lwa mupashi, kabiji kyalengejile’mba Paulo kimupelele kwamba pa byayukile bantu bajinga na michima ya kukeba bololoke. Byonkabyo, uno mutumwa watwelanga mu mashinagoga a Bayudea ne kwisamba nabo pa Binembelo.—Tangai Byubilo 17:1, 2.

¹⁷ Bayudea bajinga na mpopwelo yabo. Bakonkananga pamo javula mu mashinagoga nangwa pa mapunzha a pangye a kupwilapo. Baimbanga nyimbo, kulomba ne kwisamba pa Binembelo. Ne lelo jino mu bipwilo bya bena Kilishitu balondela bintu bya uno mutundu.

18, 19. (a) Bintu byo byajinga mu myaka kitota kitanshi bya kwashishe kuba ka? (b) Byambo byo twisambapo bimulengela kwiumvwa byepi pe Yehoba?

¹⁸ Onkao mambo, bintu byavula byalengejile’mba mwingilo wa kusapwila mambo awama ende bulongo. Pax Romana, ñendelo yawama, mulaka waambanga bavula, mizhilo ya Loma ne kupalañenamo kwa Bayudea byakwashishe baana ba bwanga ba kwa Yesu kutwajijila kwingila mwingilo wibapele Lesa wa kusapwila.

¹⁹ Pa myaka nobe 400 Yesu saka akyangye kwiya pano pa ntanda, Plato ntemwamaana Mungiliki wanembele’mba: “Kyakatazha bingi kuyuka mulenga kabiji shanja bilengwa byonse, kabiji nangwatu twamutaana, kyakonsha kukatazha kwamba pe aye ku bantu bonse.” Nangwa byonkabyo, Yesu waambile’mba: “Bintu byonse byakatazha ku bantu, kwi Lesa kechi byakatazha ne.” (Luka 18:27) Mulenga wa bilengwa byonse ukeba bantu kumutaana ne kumuyuka. Kabiji Yesu wabuujile baana banji ba bwanga amba: ‘Funjishai bantu ba mu bisaka byonse bya bantu kwikala ke baana bami ba bwanga.’ (Mat. 28:19) Na bukwasho bwa Yehoba Lesa, kyapela bingi kwingila uno mwingilo. Mutwe walondelapo ukamwesha uno mwingilo byo babena kumwingila mu moba etu.