1-3. Abeegi ba Yesu bakatunga buremeezi ki barikubuurira amakuru marungi omu “mahanga goona”?

YESU KRISTO akaha abakuratsi be omurimo muhango gw’okukora. Akabaragiira ati: “Mugyende omu mahanga goona, muhindure abantu abeegi.” Ekyabaire nikiija kurugamu, “engiri egi ey’obukama [ekabuuriirwe] omu nsi zoona okuba eky’okuhamya aha mahanga goona.”—Mat. 24:14; 28:19.

² Abeegi abo bakaba nibakunda Yesu n’amakuru marungi. Kwonka, nibabaasa kuba baayebuurize oku baabaire nibaija kuhikiiriza obujunaanizibwa obwo. Ahakuba bakaba bari bakye. Yesu ou baabaire nibabuuriraho nk’Omwana wa Ruhanga akaba aitsirwe. Abeegi be bakaba nibareebwa nk’abantu “babisi abateegyesiibwe.” (Byak. 4:13) Kwonka bakaba nibaija kubuurira amakuru agarikutaana aha nyegyesa z’abeebembezi b’amadiini abaabaire nibamanywa kandi beegiire omu mashomero g’Ekiyudaaya aga ira. Abeegi ba Yesu bakaba batarikuheebwa kitiinisa omu ihanga ryabo. Nibabaasa kuba baabaire nibeebuuza yaaba hariho oraabahurikize omu butware bw’obutegyeki bwa Rooma.

³ Yesu akaba yaagambiire abeegi be ngu nibaija kwangwa  kandi bahiiganisibwe, nangwa n’abandi baitwe. (Luk. 21:16, 17) Hakaba nihaija kuba hariho baanabi b’ebishuba, enkwe, n’abarikuhenda ebiragiro baingi. (Mat. 24:10-12) Kwonka shi obutumwa bwabo bakaba nibaija kubuhitsya bata omu bicweka by’ensi eby’ahare? (Byak. 1:8) Oburemeezi obu nibubaasa kuba bwabareeteire kwerarikirira.

4. Omu kyasha ky’okubanza abeegi bakatunga businguzi ki omu kubuurira?

⁴ N’obu beegi baraabe baatungire oburemeezi obwo, bakabuurira amakuru marungi baine obweziriki omuri Yerusaalemu, Samaria, n’okwetoroora ensi eyaabaire neemanywa obunaku obwo. Omu myaka 30 amakuru marungi gakaba gaabuuriirwe “ebihangirwe byona eby’ahansi y’eiguru” kandi gakaba ‘gahikire omu nsi zoona garikwana ebyana.’ (Kol. 1:6, 23) Nk’eky’okureeberaho, ebi Paulo yaagambire ari aha kirwa kya Kupuro, bikareetera ow’eishaza rya Rooma orikwetwa Serugio Paulo kwikiriza, “ahabw’okuba akatangaarira okwegyesa kwa” Yehova.—Shoma Ebyakozirwe 13:6-12.

5. (a) Yesu akahamiza ata abeegi be? (b) Ekitabo kimwe kikagamba ki aha mbeera ezaabaire ziriho omu kyasha ky’okubanza?

⁵ Abeegi ba Yesu bakaba nibamanya ngu tibarikubaasa kukora omurimo gw’okubuurira ahabwabo. Yesu akaba abagizire ngu naija kuguma nabo kandi ngu omwoyo gurikwera gukaba nigwija kubahwera. (Mat. 28:20) Embeera ezindi ezaabaire ziriho obunaku obwo, nazo zikahwera kihango omu murimo gw’okubuurira aha Bukama. Ekitabo Evangelism in the Early Church nikigira kiti: ‘Nihabaasa kuba hatakabahoga bwire burungi omu byafaayo by’ensi obw’okwakiira Obukristaayo, kukira omu ekyasha ky’okubanza Yesu aherize kufa . . . Ekyasha kya kabiri kirikuza kuhika, Abakristaayo . . . bakatandika kuhajaana barikugira ngu Ruhanga niwe yaabaire naatebeekanisa ensi kubaasisa Obukristaayo kujanjaara.’

6. (a) Nituza kushwijuma ki omu kicweka eki? (b) omu kicweka ekirikukurataho?

⁶ Mbwenu shi Yehova omu kyasha ky’okubanza akahindura embeera z’ensi kugira ngu Abakristaayo babaase kubuurira? Ekyo Baibuli terikukigambaho. Kwonka nikibaasa kuba kihikire, ahakuba Yehova akaba naayenda ngu amakuru marungi gabuurirwe, kandi we Sitaane akaba atarikwenda. Omu kicweka eki, nituza kureeba enshonga zimwe ezirikubaasa kuba zaahwereire omurimo gw’okubuurira omu kyasha ky’okubanza okukira obwire obundi bwona omu byafaayo. Omu kicweka ekirikukurataho, nituza kureeba empindahinduka ezibaireho omu bunaku bwaitu, ezirikutuhwera kubuurira amakuru marungi kuhika omu bicweka bingi.

7. Omu kyasha ky’okubanza hakaba hariho mbeera ki omuri Rooma, kandi ahabw’enki obwire obwo bwabaire buri obw’omutaano?

⁷ Omu miringo emwe, obutegyeki bwa Rooma bukagasira Abakristaayo. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, hakaba hariho Obusingye bwa Rooma nari Pax Romana omu rurimi Orulatini. Obutegyeki bwa Rooma bukareetaho obusingye. Obumwe, hakaba habaho “engamba n’okurangaanwa kwazo,” nk’oku Yesu yaabaire agambire. (Mat. 24:6) Amahe ga Rooma gakacwekyereza Yerusaalemu omu gwa 70 Yesu aherize kuzaarwa, kandi hakaba hariho n’entaro ezindi nkye haihi n’emyatano ya Rooma. Kwonka ebicweka bingi bikaba bitarimu ntaro, kyayorobera abeegi ba Yesu kubuurira omu busingye. Obwire obwo obw’obusingye bukamara emyaka 200. Ekitabo kimwe nikigira kiti: “Omu byafaayo by’abantu tihakabahoga  busingye obwamazire obwire buraingwa, kandi obwahikire omu bantu baingi nk’obwo.”

8. Obwire bw’obusingye bukagasira buta Abakristaayo aba ira?

⁸ Omu kyasha kya kashatu, Origen arikworeka emiteekateekyere ye akahandiika ati: “Ku ogire ngu hakaba hariho obugabe bwingi bukaba nibwija kuremesa enyegyesa ya Yesu kujanjaara omu nsi yoona . . . ahabw’okugira ngu buri hamwe abashaija bakaba nibaija kuba nibagyemeserezibwa kuza omu mahe kurwanirira amahanga gaabo. . . . Mbwenu shi enyegyesa ya Yesu erikugamba aha busingye kandi etarikwikiriza abantu kuhoora enzigu, ekaba neebaasa kusingura eta, haaba hatabaireho busingye omu nsi yoona?” N’obu ababuurizi b’Obukama baizire kuhiiganisibwa omuri Rooma, kwonka bakakoresa gye obwire obwo obw’obusingye kubuurira amakuru marungi buri hamwe.—Shoma Abarooma 12:18-21.

9, 10. Ahabw’enki engyendo z’abeegi zaabaire zitari z’akabi munonga omu butware bwa Rooma?

⁹ Abakristaayo bakakoresa gye omugisha gw’enguuto nungi. Abarooma kubaasa kutegyeka gye abantu, bakataho eihe ry’amaani. Kubaasa kutwara amahe gaabo omu myanya endiijo ahonaaho, hakaba niheetengyesa enguuto nungi, kandi Abarooma bakaba nibamanya kwombeka gye enguuto. Abombeki b’enguuto Abarooma bakombeka mahiro 50,000 z’enguuto ezaabaire nizihika omu buri ishaza. Enguuto zikaba niziraba omu bibira, omu mahamba, n’enshozi.

¹⁰ Okwongyerera aha nguuto, Abarooma bakaba baine n’emigyera mingi erikuhika mahiro 17,000. Emeeri z’Abarooma zikaba zigyenda engyendo nka 900 kuhika omu ndembo eziri aha nyanja. Eki kikaba kibaasisa Abakristaayo kugyendagyenda omuri Rooma yoona. N’obu obumwe haabaire habaho oburemeezi, entumwa Paulo n’abandi bakaba nibabaasa kugyenda omu ihanga eryo ryona bataine bitaamburiisho nari paasipoota. Hakaba hatariho myanya y’okushwijumiramu abarikutaaha omu ihanga nari kubashaba esente z’okutaahamu. Abarikuhenda ebiragiro bakaba nibatiina ebifubiro by’Abarooma, n’ahabw’ekyo enguuto za Rooma zikaba zitari z’akabi munonga. Engyendo z’aha maizi nazo zikaba zitari z’akabi ahabw’okugira ngu Abarooma bakaba baine amahe agarikugyendera aha maizi. N’obu Paulo araabe yaagyendeire omu meeri erikucweka emirundi mingi, kandi n’obumwe yaabaire atunga oburemeezi, Ebyahandiikirwe tibirikugamba butunu ngu omu ngyendo ze akataahirirwa abashuma.—2 Kor. 11:25, 26.

11. Ahabw’enki abeegi ba Yesu baashangire Orugriika rurikuhwera?

¹¹ Emyanya mingi eyaabaire neetegyekwa Abarooma ekahambwa omutegyeki Omugriika orikwetwa Alegizanda Omukuru, emyaka mingi enyima. N’ahabw’ekyo, abantu omu myanya egyo bakaba beegire kugamba Orugriika orurikwetwa Koine. Ekyarugiremu, amakuru marungi gakajanjaara munonga ahabw’okugira ngu abaheereza ba Ruhanga bakaba nibabaasa kugaaniira n’abantu boona. Abayudaaya abaabaire nibatuura omuri Misri bakaba bavunwire Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaayo babiteire omu Rugriika. Abantu baingi bakaba nibamanya envunuura egi erikwetwa Septuagint, n’abakuratsi ba Kristo bakaba nibabaasa kujuriza omu nvunuura egi batarikwetiina. Kandi Abakristaayo bakashanga Orugriika  rworobi kuhandiika. Rukaba rwine ebigambo bingi ebyabaire nibihwera munonga omu kushoboorora ebintu eby’omwoyo.

12. (a) Codex niki, kandi ahabw’enki yaabaire eri nungi kukira emizingo? (b) Ni ryari obu Abakristaayo batandika kukoresa codex munonga?

¹² Abakristaayo bakakoresa bata Ebyahandiikirwe omu kubuurira? Emizingo ekaba neeteganisa kugitwara n’okugikoresa ahabw’okuba ekaba eine kuzingwa n’okuzingurirwa, kandi bakaba bahandiika aha rubaju rumwe rw’oruhu. Engiri ya Matayo yonka ekaba neebaasa kwijuza muzingo gwona. Kwonka bwanyima bakakora codex eyaabaire ekozirwe omu muringo gw’ekitabo. Bakaba baakwatanisa hamwe empapura. Omuntu akaba abiikura ekitabo ekyo kubaasa kutunga Ekyahandiikirwe eki arikwenda. N’obu kiraabe kitarikumanywa obu Abakristaayo baatandika kukoresa codex, ekitabo kimwe nikigira ngu ekyasha kya kabiri kirikuza kuhika, Abakristaayo bakatandika kukoresa codex bwanyima y’emyaka 100 Yesu aherize kufa.

13, 14. (a) Paulo akahwerwa ata obutuuzi bwa Rooma? (b) Ebiragiro bya Rooma bikagasira bita Abakristaayo?

¹³ Ebiragiro bya Rooma bikaba nibikora omu butware bwa Rooma bwona, kandi okutunga obutuuzi bwa Rooma kikaba nikiha omuntu obugabe bwingi. Paulo okugira obutuuzi bwa Rooma kikamuhwera emirundi mingi. Obu haabaire hariho okuhiiganisibwa kw’amaani omuri Yerusaalemu, entumwa Paulo akabuuza omuserukare Omurooma ati: “Ebiragiro nibibaikiriza kwasha omuntu Omurooma, atakacwereirwe rubanja?” Kikaba kitahikire. Ku bayomesereise Paulo ngu akaba ari omutuuzi wa Rooma kuruga omu buzaarwa, “abo abaabaire nibenda kumutatsya baamurugaho; kandi omukuru w’engabo nawe yaatiina, ahabw’okumanya ku Paulo ari Omurooma, kandi yaamubohire.”—Byak. 22:25-29.

¹⁴ Ahabw’okugira ngu Paulo akaba aine obutuuzi bwa Rooma kikakwata aha ku yaatwariziibwe obu yaabaire ari omuri Filipi. (Byak. 16:35-40) Omuri Efeso, omuhandiiki omukuru ow’omu rurembo akagamba aha biragiro by’Abarooma bwanyima y’okucureeza abantu abaabaire nibeeshariinga. (Byak. 19:35-41) Obu Paulo yaabaire ari Kaisarea akajurira ahari Kaisaari kyamubaasisa kurwanirira okwikiriza kwe. (Byak. 25:8-12) N’ahabw’ekyo, ebiragiro bya Rooma bikabaasisa Paulo ‘kurwanirira engiri n’okugihamya.’—Fil. 1:7.

15. Abayudaaya omu kyasha ky’okubanza bakaba bataataine kirikwingana ki?

¹⁵ Abakristaayo nibabaasa kuba baashangire omurimo gwabo gworobi, ahabw’okugira ngu Abayudaaya bakaba bataataaniire omu matware ga Rooma. Ebyasha bingi enyima, Abaasiria n’Abababulooni bakaba batwire Abayudaaya omu bukwata. Omu kyasha kya kataano Yesu atakazairwe, Abayudaaya bakaba bari omu mashaza 127 ag’amatware ga Peresi. (Est. 9:30) Obu Yesu yaabaire ari omu nsi, Abayudaaya bakaba bari Misri n’omu bindi bicweka bya bukiizi-bwa-bumosho bw’Afrika, omuri Bugriika, Asia, na Mesopotamia. Nikiteeberezibwa ngu abantu 60,000,000 abaabaire bari omuri Rooma, omuntu nka 1 ahari 14 akaba ari Omuyudaaya. Ahu Abayudaaya baabaire baza, bakaba batwarayo ediini yaabo.—Mat. 23:15.

16, 17. (a) Okutaataana kw’Abayudaaya kukagasira kuta abaabaire batari Bayudaaya? (b) Abeegi ba Yesu bakatooreza bata Abayudaaya?

¹⁶ Ahabw’okugira ngu Abayudaaya bakaba bataataine munonga, abantu baingi abatari Bayudaaya bakaba nibamanya Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaayo. Bakaba nibamanya ngu hariho Ruhanga omwe ow’amazima, kandi ngu abo abarikumuheereza bashemereire kworobera ebiragiro bye. Kandi, Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaayo bikaba birimu obunabi oburikukwata ahari Mesia. (Luk. 24:44) Abayudaaya n’Abakristaayo babaka nibamanya ngu Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaayo bikaba bihandiikisiibwe Ruhanga, kandi eki kikabaasisa Paulo kuhikaanisa ebiteekateeko n’abo abaabaire nibakunda okuhikiirira. Entumwa Paulo butoosha akaba aza omuri sinagogi z’Abayudaaya, ahikaanisa nabo ebiteekateeko aha Byahandiikirwe.—Shoma Ebyakozirwe 17:1, 2.

¹⁷ Abayudaaya bakaba bataireho entebeekanisa y’okuramya. Butoosha bakaba beteeranira hamwe omu sinagogi n’omu myanya endiijo etombekirwe. Bakaba beeshongora, bashaba, kandi bahikaanisa ebiteekateeko aha Byahandiikirwe. Ebintu nibyo bimwe, nibikorwa omu bibiina Ebikristaayo obunaku obu.

18, 19. (a) Embeera ezaabaire ziriho omu kyasha ky’okubanza zikahwera zita? (b) Ebi twaheza kushwijuma byakureetera kutwara ota Yehova?

¹⁸ Embeera z’omutaano ezaabaire ziriho zikabaasisa omurimo gw’okubuurira amakuru marungi kugyenda gye. Obusingye bwa Rooma, eby’engyenda birungi, orurimi orwabaire nirumanywa abantu baingi, ebiragiro bya Rooma, n’okutaataana kw’Abayudaaya bikahwera abeegi ba Yesu kuhikiiriza omurimo gw’okubuurira ogu Ruhanga yaabaire abahaire.

¹⁹ Ebyasha bina Yesu atakazairwe, omunyabwengye Omugriika orikwetwa Plato akahandiika ngu kigumire kumanya owaahangire ensi yaitu egi n’eiguru, kandi n’obu twakumumanya, kigumire kumumanyisa buri omwe.” Kwonka okutaana n’ekyo, Yesu akagira ati: “Ekitarikubaasika ha bantu nikibaasika ahari Ruhanga.” (Luk. 18:27) Omuhangi w’eiguru n’ensi naayenda ngu abantu bamusherure kandi bamumanye. Kandi, Yesu akagambira abeegi be ati: “Mugyende omu mahanga goona, muhindure abantu abeegi.” (Mat. 28:19) Ahabw’obuhwezi bwa Yehova Ruhanga, okuhikiiriza obujunaanizibwa obwo nikibaasika. Ekicweka ekirikukurataho nikiija kworeka oku omurimo ogwo gurikukorwa omu bunaku bwaitu.