1-3. Ni ibiki vyari gushobora gutuma abigishwa ba Yezu batamamaza inkuru nziza mu “mahanga yose”?

YEZU KRISTU yashinze abayoboke biwe igikorwa kitoroshe. Yabategetse ati: “Nimugende . . . muhindure abantu bo mu mahanga yose abigishwa.” Uko bogiye bararangura ico gikorwa, “inkuru nziza y’ubwami [yokwamamajwe] mw’isi yose ngo bibe intahe ku mahanga yose.”—Mat. 24:14; 28:19.

² Abo bigishwa barakunda Yezu bagakunda n’inkuru nziza. Yamara, bashobora kuba baribaza ukuntu boshoboye kurangura ico gikorwa bashinzwe. Nakare, bari inkehwa. Uwo bamamaza ko ari Umwana w’Imana ari we Yezu, yari yaragandaguwe. Abigishwa biwe babonwa ko ari abantu “batize kandi basanzwe.” (Ivyak. 4:13) Ariko babwirizwa gushikiriza ubutumwa buhushanye n’inyigisho z’abarongozi b’idini bubahwa cane, abari baraminuje mu bijanye n’imigenzo ya kera. Abo bigishwa barasuzugurwa mu gihugu cabo. Vyongeye, ihanga rya Isirayeli ryari ubusa imbere y’Inganji y’Uburoma yari ikomeye.

 ³ N’ikindi kandi, Yezu yari yaragabishije abigishwa biwe ko bokwanswe bakongera bakarwanywa be n’uko bamwe muri bo bokwishwe. (Luka 21:16, 17) Bobwirijwe guhangana n’abaguranyi, abahanuzi b’ibinyoma be n’ukwongerekana kw’ubugarariji. (Mat. 24:10-12) Dufate ko ubutumwa abo bigishwa bashikiriza bwari kwakirwa neza hose. None bari gushobora gute kubwamamaza “gushika mu karere ka kure rwose k’isi”? (Ivyak. 1:8) Emwe, ntihari aho gutuma umwana!

4. Abigishwa bo mu kinjana ca mbere baroraniwe gute mu gikorwa cabo co kwamamaza?

⁴ Naho abo bigishwa boba barahagaritse umutima gute, baramamaje n’umwete inkuru nziza i Yeruzalemu n’i Samariya, eka mbere no mu mahanga yose yariho ico gihe. Naho bashikiwe n’ingorane, mu myaka 30 inkuru nziza yari “yamamajwe mu vyaremwe vyose biri munsi y’ijuru,” ikaba yariko “irama ivyamwa kandi ikagwira mw’isi.” (Kol. 1:6, 23) Nk’akarorero, ivyo intumwa Paulo yavuze be n’ivyo yakoze mw’izinga rya Shipure vyaratumye buramatari w’Umuroma Serejiyo Paulosi “acika uwemera, kuko yari ajorejwe n’inyigisho ya Yehova.”—Soma Ivyakozwe 13:6-12.

5. (a) Yezu yasezeraniye iki abigishwa biwe? (b) Abantu bamwebamwe bashitse ku ciyumviro ikihe baravye ingene ibintu vyari vyifashe mu kinjana ca mbere?

⁵ Abigishwa ba Yezu bari bazi ko batoshoboye kurangura igikorwa co kwamamaza ku bushobozi bwabo. Yezu yari yavuze yuko yobaye ari kumwe na bo be n’uko impwemu nyeranda yobafashije. (Mat. 28:20) Hari ukuntu ingene ibintu vyari vyifashe ico gihe bishobora kuba vyaratumye ico gikorwa co kwamamaza kirushiriza kworoha. Igitabu kimwe c’ivya kahise (Evangelism in the Early Church) kivuga yuko ikinjana ca mbere gishobora kuba cari co gihe ciza ku bakirisu co gutangura kwamamaza kandi ko bahavuye babona yuko Imana yari yarabateguriye inzira.

6. (a) Ni ibiki twihweza muri iki kiganiro? b) Ni ibiki tuzokwihweza mu kiganiro gikurikira?

⁶ Bibiliya ntivuga urugero Imana yashikanyeko mu kuyobora ibintu mu kinjana ca mbere kugira itume igikorwa co kwamamaza gishoboka. Ikizwi co ni iki: Yehova yashaka ko inkuru nziza yamamazwa, ariko Shetani ntiyabishaka. Muri iki kiganiro, turihweza ibintu bimwebimwe bishobora kuba vyaratumye igikorwa co kwamamaza kirushiriza kworoha mu kinjana ca mbere kuruta mu bindi bihe vya kera. Mu kiganiro gikurikira na ho tuzokwihweza ibintu vyo mu gihe ca none bidufasha kwamamaza inkuru nziza gushika ku mpera z’isi.

7. Ikiringo ciswe Pax Romana ni iki, kandi ni kubera iki cari gitandukanye cane n’ibindi?

⁷ Hari ukuntu Inganji y’Uburoma yo mu kinjana ca mbere yorohereje abakirisu. Nk’akarorero, harabayeho ikiringo ciswe Pax Romana, ni ukuvuga Amahoro y’Abaroma. Iyo Nganji amahero y’Uburoma yaratumye haba umutekano mu karere kayo. Ego ni ko nk’uko Yezu yari yarabivuze, vyarashika hakaba “intambara n’amakuru y’intambara.” (Mat. 24:6) Ingabo z’Abaroma zaratikije Yeruzalemu mu 70 Inyuma ya Kristu, kandi harabaye intambara zidakomeye ku mbibe z’iyo Nganji. Ariko rero, hari haheze nk’imyaka 200 inyuma ya Yezu ako karere gasa n’akatagiramwo intambara. Igitabu kimwe kivuga giti: “Ntihari bwigere haba ikiringo kirekire c’umutekano muri rusangi nk’ico, kandi amahoro ntiyigeze asubira gusagamba mu bantu benshi cane nk’ukwo.”

8. Amahoro y’Abaroma yafashije gute abakirisu bo mu ntango?

 ⁸ Mu guserura ukuntu yabona ico kiringo, umunyatewolojiya umwe wo mu kinjana ca gatatu yitwa Origen yanditse ati: “Iyo haza kuba hariho ubwami bwinshi, vyari gutuma inyigisho za Yezu zidakwiragira muri iyo Nganji yose . . . kubera ko ahantu hose vyari kuba ngombwa ko abantu baja mu gisoda maze bakarwanira ibihugu vyabo. . . . None izo nyigisho zamamaza amahoro zikaba kandi zitemera ko abantu bihora abansi babo, zari gushobora gute kuroranirwa iyo ibintu bidahinduka muri ivyo bihugu vyose maze agatima k’ubwitonzi kakigaragaza hose mu gihe c’ukuza kwa Yezu?” Abamamaji b’Ubwami barahamwa mu Nganji y’Uburoma mugabo bakaba abanyamahoro, kandi biboneka ko bungukiye kuri ivyo biringo vyasa n’ibirangwamwo amahoro.—Soma Abaroma 12:18-21.

9, 10. Ni ibiki vyatuma abigishwa boroherwa no kugira ingendo mu Nganji y’Uburoma?

⁹ Abakirisu barungukiye ku mabarabara y’Abaroma. Kugira ngo Uburoma bucungere neza umutekano w’abanyagihugu babwo, bwari bufise igisoda gikomeye kandi gikora neza. Kugira inteko za gisirikare zinyaruke, hari hakenewe amabarabara meza kandi Abaroma bari abahanga mu vyo kuyubaka. Abahinga b’Abaroma barubatse amabarabara areha n’ibilometero birenga 80.000 yahuza intara nka zose. Ayo mabarabara yaca mu bibira, mu bugaragwa no mu misozi.

¹⁰ Uretse ayo mabarabara, Abaroma barashobora kandi kugenda n’amato mu nzuzi n’imigende vyareha n’ibilometero 27.000. Amato y’Abaroma yaraca mu nzuzi nka 900 zahuza ibivuko amajana. Abakirisu barashobora rero kugira ingendo muri iyo Nganji y’Uburoma. Ingorane ntizari zibuze, ariko intumwa Paulo be n’abandi barashoboye kugira ingendo muri ako karere ata mpapuro z’inzira bafise. Nta vyo gusuzuma abasohoka n’abinjira ku mbibe vyari bihari. Abambuzi baratinya ibihano vy’Abaroma, amabarabara akaba rero yarimwo umutekano ku rugero kanaka. Kugira ingendo mu biyaga na vyo nyene nta ngeramizi vyarimwo kuko amato y’indwano y’Uburoma yaguma acungera inzira zo mu mazi. Naho vyashitse kenshi Paulo imeri ikamusabirako kandi mu kiyaga hakaba haraba ibintu biteye akaga, Ivyanditswe ntibivuga ko ingendo ziwe zigeze kuburabuzwa n’abambuzi.—2 Kor. 11:25, 26.

11. Ni kubera iki abigishwa bakoresheje ikigiriki?

¹¹ Ikigiriki cari kimenyerewe ari co koyine carafashije amashengero ya gikirisu guhanahana amakuru no kwunga ubumwe. Kubera ko Alegizandere Mukuru yari yarigaruriye uturere twinshi, ikigiriki caravugwa kandi kigatahurwa n’abantu benshi. Abasavyi b’Imana rero barashobora kuyaga n’abantu b’uburyo bwose, kandi ivyo biri mu vyatumye inkuru nziza ikwiragira. Vyongeye, Abayuda baba mu Misiri bari barahinduye mu kigiriki Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo. Abantu bari bamenyereye iyo Bibiliya yitwa Septante, kandi abayoboke ba Kristu bo mu ntango wasanga basubiramwo amajambo ari muri yo batitinya. Vyongeye, abakirisu babonye ko ari vyiza bakoresheje ikigiriki mu vyo bandika. Cari gifise amajambo menshi be n’imvugo nyinshi vyabafasha cane gusigura ukuri.

12. (a) Icandikano bita codex ni iki, kandi carusha iki umuzingo? (b) Ni ryari abakirisu batanguye gukoresha cane ico candikano?

 ¹² Abakirisu bashoboye gute gukoresha Ivyanditswe mu busuku barangura? Imizingo ntiyari yoroshe gutwara kuko yategerezwa kuzingwa no kuzingururwa, kandi wasanga akenshi ivyandikano biri ku ruhande rumwe gusa rw’urushato. Injili ya Matayo yonyene yarashobora kwuzura umuzingo wose. Mugabo mu nyuma harabonetse icandikano bita codex, akaba ari co catanguye kugira imero y’igitabu. Zaba ari inshato bafataniriza hamwe. Umusomyi yarashobora kuzingurura ico candikano maze bikamworohera gutora aho icanditswe kiri. Naho bitazwi neza igihe abakirisu batanguye gukoresha ico candikano, igitabu kimwe kivuga giti: “Mu kinjana ca kabiri, vyari bizwi hose ko abakirisu bakoresha ico candikano ku buryo gitegerezwa kuba catanguye gukoreshwa imbere y’umwaka wa 100 Inyuma ya Kristu.”

13, 14. (a) Paulo yakoresheje gute ubwenegihugu bw’Uburoma yari afise? (b) Abakirisu bungukiye gute ku mategeko y’Abaroma?

¹³ Amategeko y’Abaroma yategerezwa gukurikizwa muri iyo Nganji yose, kandi abafise ubwenegihugu bw’Uburoma bararonka uburenganzira be n’ugukingirwa bidasanzwe. Paulo yarakoresheje akatari gake ubwenegihugu yari afise bw’Uburoma. Igihe iyo ntumwa yariko irashishagurwa i Yeruzalemu, yabajije intwazangabo y’Umuroma iti: “Mbega muremererwa gushishagura umuntu w’Umuroma kandi ata rubanza rwamutsinze?” Ntivyari vyemewe. Igihe Paulo yavuga ko yari yavutse ari umwenegihugu w’Umuroma, “nya bantu bagira bamusambishe hariko no kumusinzikariza ubuzima baramure[tse] baragenda; nya mukomanda aca agira ubwoba aho amenyeye neza yuko ari Umuroma kandi akaba yari yamuboshe.”—Ivyak. 22:25-29.

¹⁴ Kuba Paulo yari afise ubwenegihugu bw’Uburoma vyaramufashije igihe yari i Filipi (Ivyak. 16:35-40) I Efeso, umukarani w’igisagara yarikoze ku mategeko y’Abaroma aho amariye guhwamika akagwi kari kashangashiwe. (Ivyak. 19:35-41) I Sezariya, Paulo yaraburaniye ukwizera kwiwe imbere ya Sezari kubera ko yari afise ubwenegihugu bw’Uburoma. (Ivyak. 25:8-12) Amategeko y’Abaroma  rero yaratumye abakirisu bashobora “kuburanira inkuru nziza no gutuma yemerwa n’amategeko.”—Flp. 1:7.

15. Abayuda bo mu kinjana ca mbere bari bakwiragiye ku rugero rungana iki?

¹⁵ Hari ukuntu abakirisu bashobora kuba barorohewe no kwamamaza kubera ko Abayuda baba mu turere twinshi tw’Inganji y’Uburoma. Ibinjana n’ibindi imbere y’aho, Abayuda bari baratwawe mu bunyagano n’Abashuri, mu nyuma batwarwa n’Abanyababiloni. Mu ntango z’ikinjana ca gatanu Imbere ya Kristu, Abayuda bari mu ntara 127 z’Inganji y’Ubuperesi. (Est. 9:30) Igihe Yezu yari kw’isi, hari Abayuda baba mu Misiri no mu bindi bice vya Afrika ya Ruguru be no mu Bugiriki, muri Aziya Ntoyi n’i Mezopotamiya. Vyiyumvirwa yuko mu bantu 60.000.000 bo mu Nganji y’Uburoma, ufashe abantu 14, wasanga 1 ari Umuyuda. Ahantu hose Abayuda baja, bagenda bajanye idini ryabo.—Mat. 23:15.

16, 17. (a) Ukuba Abayuda bari bakwiragiye hose vyafashije gute abantu benshi batari Abayuda? (b) Ni ibintu ibihe vyagirwa n’Abayuda abigishwa bakurikije?

¹⁶ Kubera ko Abayuda bari barakwiragiye hose, abantu benshi batari Abayuda baramenye Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo. Baramenye ko hari Imana imwe y’ukuri be n’uko abayikorera babwirizwa kwisunga ingingo ngenderwako ziri hejuru zigenga ikibereye n’ikitabereye. Vyongeye, Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo vyari vyuzuyemwo ubuhanuzi bwerekeye Mesiya. (Luka 24:44) Abayuda n’abakirisu baratahura ko Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo ari Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe, ivyo bikaba vyaratumye Paulo aronka ivyo ahurizako n’abantu bipfuza gukora ibigororotse. Ni co gituma intumwa Paulo yari amenyereye kwinjira mu masinagogi y’Abayuda akazirikana hamwe na bo afatiye ku Vyanditswe.—Soma Ivyakozwe 17:1, 2.

¹⁷ Abayuda bari barabereye abandi akarorero mu vyo gusenga. Bama bakoranira hamwe mu masinagogi canke hanze. Bararirimba, bagasenga bakongera bagasuzuma Ivyanditswe. Ivyo nyene ni vyo bigirwa mu mashengero ya gikirisu muri iki gihe.

18, 19. (a) Kubera iki ikinjana ca mbere cari ikiringo kidasanzwe? (b) Ayo makuru duhejeje kurimbura atuma ubona gute Yehova?

¹⁸ Ikinjana ca mbere cari ikiringo kidasanzwe. Mu Nganji y’Abaroma hari amahoro, abantu benshi bakaba bavuga ururimi rumwe kandi amategeko yarakingira abantu. Vyari vyoroshe kugira ingendo kandi abantu bo mu turere twinshi bari bazi Abayuda be n’Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo. Ivyo vyose vyarafashije abigishwa ba Yezu kurangura igikorwa co kwamamaza bashinzwe n’Imana.

¹⁹ Nk’imyaka 400 imbere y’uko Yezu aza kw’isi, umufilozofe w’Umugiriki Pulato yanditse ati: “Ntivyari vyoroshe kumenya uwaturemye akaba na data wa twese, kandi naho twari kumumenya, ntivyari gushoboka ko tubwira abantu bose ibimwerekeye.” Ariko rero, Yezu yavuze ati: “Ibidashoboka ku bantu birashoboka ku Mana.” (Luka 18:27) Umuremyi w’ibiriho vyose yipfuza ko abantu bumva inkuru nziza maze bakamumenya. Vyongeye, Yezu yabwiye abayoboke biwe ati: “Muhindure abantu bo mu mahanga yose abigishwa.” (Mat. 28:19) Tubifashijwemwo na Yehova Imana, turashobora kurangura ico gikorwa. Ikiganiro gikurikira kirerekana ukuntu ico gikorwa kiriko kirarangurwa muri iki gihe cacu.