1. Shoboorora ebyabaireho obu Yerusaalemu yaabaire neecwekyerezibwa.

OMURI 607 Y.A., eihe rihango ry’Abababulooni ririkwebemberwa Omugabe Nebukadeneeza II rikataahirira orurembo Yerusaalemu. Aha bikwatiraine n’okucwekyerezibwa okwabaireho, Baibuli neegira ngu Nebukadeneeza ‘akaita abatsigazi baabo omu nju y’Obutaaho bwabo oburikwera na rurara, tiyaagirira muntu weena saasi, omutsigazi nari empangare, omugurusi nari owaahikire omu ngingo za bukuru. Yaayotsya enju ya Ruhanga, yaasheenya orugo rw’amabaare rwa Yerusaalemu, yaayotsya zaanyaruju zaayo zoona, yaacwekyereza n’ebintu byayo ebirungi.’​—2 Bus. 36:17, 19.

2. Yehova akaha kurabura ki aha bikwatiraine n’okucwekyerezibwa kwa Babulooni, kandi Abayudaaya bakaba nibaija kuhikwaho ki?

² Abaabaire nibatuura omuri Yerusaalemu tibaratangaire ahabw’okucwekyerezibwa kw’orurembo orwo. Kumara emyaka, baanabi ba Ruhanga bakaba nibarabura Abayudaaya ngu baayanga kworobera Ebiragiro bya Ruhanga, nibaija kuheebwayo omu mikono y’Abababulooni. Abayudaaya baingi bakaba nibaija kwitwa na rurara, kandi abo abaakuhonokireho bakaba nibaija kutwarwa omu bukwatwa Babulooni ebiro by’amagara gaabo byona. (Yer. 15:2) Abaabaire bari omu  bukwatwa bakaba bari mu mbeera ki? Abakristaayo barahikirweho embeera nk’eyabaire eriho omu bukwatwa bwa Babulooni? Ku kiraabe nikwo kiri, embeera egyo ekabaho ryari?

3. Obukwatwa bw’Abaisraeli omuri Babulooni bukaba nibutaana buta aha buhuuku bwa Misri?

³ Eki baanabi baabaire bagambire kikahikiirira. Kurabira omuri Yeremia, Yehova akahabura abo abaabaire nibaija kuba enkwatwa ngu baikirize embeera yaabo ensya. Akagira ati: “Nimwombekye amaju [omuri Babulooni], mugatuuremu; muhingye emisiri, murye ebi muryezamu. Kandi orwo rurembo oru naabatwairemu muri enkwatwa, murwendeze ebirungi, murushabire ahari Mukama; ahabw’okuba ku ruriba gye, naimwe muryaba gye.” (Yer. 29:5, 7) Abo abaayorobeire eki Ruhanga yaabaire agambire bakagira obusingye oburinganiire omuri Babulooni. Abaabaire babakwatsire haine bimwe ebi baabaikiriize kukora. Kandi enkwatwa ezo zikaba ziine obugabe bw’okugyenda omu ihanga nk’oku barikwenda. Babulooni rukaba ruri orurembo rw’obushuubuzi omu nsi yoona ira, kandi ebyazoirwe omu itaaka nibyoreka ngu Abayudaaya baingi bakeegyerayo omwoga gw’okugura n’okuguza ebintu, kandi abandi baayega okubaija ebintu. Abayudaaya abamwe bakaba abatungi. Obukwatwa bw’omuri Babulooni bukaba butarikushushana n’obuhuuku bw’omuri Misri obu Abaisraeli baabaire barabiremu ebyasha bingi enyima.​—Shoma Okuruga 2:23-25.

4. Oyihireho Abaisraeli abagomi, ni baahi abandi abatwairwe omu bukwatwa Babulooni, kandi bakaba baine bugarukiro ki omu kuramya Ruhanga?

⁴ N’obu baraabe baabaire nibatunga ebi barikwenda omu by’omubiri kandi omu by’omwoyo? Hekalu ya Yehova n’eitambiro ryayo bikaba bicwekyereziibwe, kandi hakaba hatakiriho abanyamurwa abatebeekanisiibwe kukora omurimo ogwo. Omu nkwatwa ezo hakaba harimu abaheereza ba Ruhanga abeesigwa abaabaire batashemereire kufubirwa, kwonka bakaba baine kubonabona hamwe nk’eihanga. Kwonka bakakora kyona ekirikubaasika kworobera Ebiragiro bya Ruhanga. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, omuri Babulooni, Danieli na bagyenzi be bashatu, Seduraaka, Mesaaki, na Abedeneego bakanga kurya eby’okurya ebyabaire nibizibirwa Abayudaaya. Kandi nitumanya ngu Danieli akaguma naahurizana na Ruhanga kurabira omu kushaba. (Dan. 1:8; 6:10) Kwonka, ahansi y’obwebembezi bw’abakaafiire kikaba kigumire munonga Omuyudaaya orikutiina Ruhanga kukora buri kimwe eki Ebiragiro byabaire nibiragiira.

5. Yehova akaha abaheereza be matsiko ki, kandi ahabw’enki ekiraganiso eki kyabaire nikitangaaza?

⁵ Mbwenu shi Abaisraeli bakaba nibaija kugaruka kutunga omugisha gw’okuramya Ruhanga omu muringo oguhikire? Obwire obwo, okaba nooshusha ngu ekyo tikirigaruka kubaho. Ahakuba Abababulooni bakaba batarekura nkwatwa zaabo. Kwonka enkora yaabo egyo ekaba etarikubaasa kuremesa Yehova Ruhanga. Akaba araganiise ngu abaheereza be nibaija kurekurwa, kandi nikwo kyabaire. Eki Ruhanga arikuraganisa tikirikubura kuhikiirira.​—Isa. 55:11.

6, 7. Ahabw’enki kihikire kuhindura omu nyetegyereza yaitu ey’obukwatwa bw’Abakristaayo omu Babulooni Orukuru?

⁶ Abakristaayo barahikirweho embeera nk’eyaahikire aha nkwatwa omuri Babulooni? Kumara emyaka mingi, omunaara gw’omurinzi gutwire nigworeka ngu abaheereza ba Ruhanga ab’obunaku obu bakataaha omu bukwatwa bwa Babulooni omuri 1918 kandi ngu bakarekurwa kuruga omu Babulooni omuri 1919. Kwonka, ahabw’enshonga eziraagambweho omu kicweka eki n’ekirikukurataho, okwongyera kushwijuma enshonga egi kikaba nikyetengyesa.

 ⁷ Teekateeka ahari eki: Babulooni Orurembo Orukuru n’amadiini g’ebishuba goona. N’ahabw’ekyo, abaheereza ba Ruhanga kubaasa kuba enkwatwa za Babulooni omuri 1918, bakaba baine kugira omuringo ogu baabamu abahuuku b’ediini y’ebishuba omu obwire obwo. Kwonka obuhame nibworeka ngu Orutaro rw’Ensi Yoona 1 rurikuza kuhika, abaheereza ba Ruhanga abashukirweho amajuta bakaba bariyo nibaruga omu Babulooni Orukuru, batakiri bahuuku baarwo. N’obu kiraabe kihikire ngu abashukirweho amajuta bakaba nibahiiganisibwa omu rutaro rw’ensi yoona orw’okubanza, bakaba nibabonabonesibwa ab’eby’obutegyeki, beitu batari b’ediini y’ebishuba. N’ahabw’ekyo nikireebeka ngu abaheereza ba Yehova tibaragiire omu bukwatwa bwa Babulooni Orukuru omuri 1918.

8. Shoboorora oku Obukristaayo obuhikire bwasiisirwe. (Reeba ekishushani aha kutandika.)

⁸ Aha Pentekoote 33 Y.A.K., enkumi z’Abayudaaya n’abaahindukire bakashukwaho omwoyo gurikwera. Abakristaayo aba abasya bakahinduka “oruganda orutoorainwe, n’abanyamurwa b’obukama, eihanga eririkwera, abantu abu Ruhanga yaayetooraniire.” (Shoma 1 Petero 2:9, 10.) Entumwa bakaba bareeberera ebibiina by’abaheereza ba Ruhanga baaba bakiriho. Kwonka, na munonga bwanyima y’okufa kwabo, hakaimukaho abantu “abarikugamba eby’obuhabe” baahabisa “abeegi ngu babakurate.” (Byak. 20:30; 2 Tes. 2:6-8) Baingi aha bashaija aba bakaba baine obujunaanizibwa bw’amaani omu bibiina, barikuheereza nk’abareeberezi kandi bwanyima baaba “baabishopu.” Ekibiina ky’abeebembezi b’ediini kikaba kiriyo nikitandikaho, n’obu Yesu araabe yaabaire agambiire abakuratsi be ati: “Mwena muri eishe-emwe.” (Mat. 23:8) Abashaija abarikuheebwa ekitiinisa bakakunda enyegyesa za Aristotle na Plato baatandikaho enyegyesa z’ediini ezigwire, mporampora zaaza omu mwanya gw’enyegyesa ezihikire eziri omu Kigambo kya Ruhanga.

9. Shoboorora oku Abakristaayo abagomi baatungire obushagiki bw’obutegyeki bwa Rooma n’ekyarugiremu.

⁹ Omuri 313 Y.A.K., ediini egi engomi erikweyeta Enkuristaayo, omutegyeki Omurooma Constantine akagiikiriza. Kuruga obwo, Amakanisa n’Amahanga bikatandika kukwatanisa. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, Constantine akagira oruteerane n’abeebembezi b’ediini, omu rukiiko orubaayetsire Nicaea. Bwanyima y’orukiiko orwo, Constantine akoohereza omunyamurwa orikwetwa Arius omu buzaahe ahabw’okugira ngu akanga kwikiriza ngu Yesu ni Ruhanga. Bwanyima, omu butegyeki bwa Theodosius I owaategyekire kuruga 379-395 Y.A.K., ediini y’Abakaturiki ekahinduka ediini etongoziibwe ey’Obutegyeki bwa Rooma bwona. Ab’ebyafaayo nibagamba ahari Rooma enkafiire ngu ekahinduka “Enkuristaayo” omu kyasha kya kana. Kwonka amazima gari ngu omu bwire obwo, Abakristaayo abagomi bakaba beegaitsire aha bibiina by’amadiini g’ebishuba eby’omu butegyeki bwa Rooma baahinduka Babulooni Orukuru. N’obu kiraabe kiri kityo, bakye aha Bakristaayo abashukirweho amajuta abu Yesu yaayetsire oburo, bakaba nibateeraho kuramya Ruhanga, kwonka tihaine owaabaire naahurira ebi barikugamba. (Shoma Matayo 13:24, 25, 37-39.) Buzima bakaba bari omu bukwatwa bwa Babulooni!

10. Abantu abacureezi bakaba nibaihirira ahari ki kuhakanisa enyegyesa z’ediini etahikire?

¹⁰ Hahingwireho emyaka Kristo aherize kufa, abantu baingi bakaba nibakishoma Baibuli omu Rugriika nari Orulaatini. Bakaba nibabaasa kugyeragyeranisa enyegyesa z’Ekigambo kya Ruhanga hamwe n’enyikiriza z’amadiini. Bamwe kurugiirira aha bi baashomire omu Baibuli, bakanga enyikiriza z’amadiini ezitari mu byahandiikirwe, kwonka kikaba kiri eky’akabi nangwa kirikubaasa kurugiramu omuntu okufa yaahakanisa butunu.

11. Baibuli ekaija eta kutegyekwa abeebembezi b’ediini?

 ¹¹ Ku haahingwireho obwire, abantu bakatandika kugamba endimi nyingi, kandi abeebembezi b’ediini baahiiganisa abaabaire nibavunuura Ekigambo kya Ruhanga omu ndimi eza butoosha. N’ekyarugiremu, abeebembezi b’ediini n’abantu abashomire bonka nibo baabaire nibabaasa kweshomera Baibuli, n’obu bamwe aha beebembezi b’ediini baraabe baabaire batarikumanya kushoma n’okuhandiika gye. Omuntu weena owaabaire ahakanisa enyegyesa y’ediini akaba afubirwa kubi munonga. Abaheereza ba Ruhanga abashukirweho amajuta abeesigwa bakaba bateeranira hamwe bwesherekye, beitu obwo baabaasa kukikora. Nk’oku kyabaire kyabaireho omu bukwatwa bwa Babulooni, abashukirweho amajuta “n’abanyamurwa b’obukama” bakaba batarikubaasa kuheereza omu muringo ogutebeekanisiibwe. Babulooni Orukuru rukaba nirukumiirira abantu!

12, 13. Ni nshonga ki ibiri ezaabaasiise Abakristaayo kugira amatsiko g’okucungurwa kuruga omu Babulooni Orukuru? Shoboorora.

¹² Mbwenu shi Abakristaayo bakaba nibaija kutunga obugabe bw’okuramya Ruhanga omu muringo ogu barikwenda? Eego! Ekyererezi ky’eby’omwoyo kikatandika kwija omu mwirima ahabw’enshonga ibiri. Enshonga y’okubanza eyahwereire, n’okujumbura ekyoma ky’okuteera ebitabo ekya Johannes Gutenberg nk’omuri 1450. Ekyoma eki kitakareetsirwe omu mahanga g’omuri Buraaya na Amerika, abantu bakaba nibakooporora Baibuli n’engaro. Baibuli zikaba zitarikukira kureebeka kandi zirikugura esente nyingi. Nikigambwa ngu kikaba nikitwara ameezi ikumi omukopoorozi omuhangu kukoporoora Baibuli emwe! Kandi, ebintu ebi baabaire nibahandiikaho nk’empapura ezigumire nari empu bikaba nibigura esente nyingi. Okutaana n’ekyo, okukoresa ekyoma n’empapura ezoorobi  nikihwera munonga kandi orikukoresa ekyoma eki naabaasa kushohoza empapura 1,300 ezihandiikirweho omu izooba rimwe!

¹³ Ekindi ekyahwereire n’abashaija amamanzi abaacwiremu kutandika kuvunuura Ekigambo kya Ruhanga omu ndimi ezirikugambwa abantu ba butoosha, aha kutandika kw’ekyasha kya 16. Abavunuuzi baingi bakakora omurimo ogu barikwoga amagara gaabo. Eki kikatiinisa abeebembezi b’ediini. Abeebembezi b’ediini bakaba batarikwenda kureeba abantu nibashoma Baibuli omu ndimi zaabo! Kandi abantu ku baashomire Baibuli omu ndimi zaabo, baatandika kubuuza ebibuuzo nk’ebi: ‘Ni nkahi omu Kigambo kya Ruhanga aharikugamba ahari purigatiri? Nari kushashurira misa z’okushabira abafu? Nari ngu hashemereire kuba hari paapa nari karidinaari?’ Okubuuza ebibuuzo nk’ebi kikaba nikigwisa kubi abeebembezi b’ediini. Abeebembezi b’ediini bakeerwanaho. Bakaba baharana abashaija n’abakazi abu baabaire bahurira ngu nibahakanisa enyegyesa z’ediini, n’obu zimwe ziraabe zaabaire nizeegamira aha bigunjano by’abahangu nka Aristotle na Plato, abashaija abaabaire bariho Yesu Kristo atakazairwe. Abeebembezi b’ediini bakaba bacwamu ngu omuntu aitwe, reero abategyeki b’eihanga baba nibo baita omuntu ogwo. Ekigyendererwa kikaba kiri eky’okuremesa abantu kushoma Baibuli n’okubangaanisa aha nyegyesa z’ediini. Orukwe rwabo rukakora kumara obwire. Kwonka, abantu bakye abamanzi, bakanga kutiinatiinisibwa Babulooni Orukuru. Bakaba baaherize kuroza aha Kigambo kya Ruhanga, kandi bakaba nibenda kumanya bingi! Omu biro by’omumaisho hakaba nihaija kubaho obugabe bw’okucungurwa kuruga omu madiini g’ebishuba.

14. (a) Ni mbeera ki ezaareeteire abantu kwetegyereza gye amazima ga Baibuli omu myaka ya 1800? (b) Shoboorora oku Ow’eishe-emwe Russell yaateireho kusherura amazima.

¹⁴ Baingi abaabaire baine eriho ry’amazima ga Baibuli bakahungira omu mahanga agaabaire gatarikufayo munonga aha diini. Bakaba nibenda kushoma, bakeega kandi bakagaaniira aha bi beegire omu Baibuli. Rimwe aha mahanga agaabaire gari gatyo, ni United States, ahu Charles Taze Russell na bagyenzi be baatandikiire kwega Baibuli omu myaka ya 1800. Omu kubanza, Ow’eishe-emwe Russell akaba aine ekigyendererwa ky’okumanya ediini eyaabaire neeyegyesa amazima. Omu bwegyendesereza akagyeragyeranisa amadiini maingi otwariiremu n’agarikweyeta Amakristaayo n’eki Baibuli erikwegyesa. Bwanyima akeetegyereza ngu tihariho n’emwe aha madiini ago eyaabaire neehamira aha Kigambo kya Ruhanga. Haine obu yaabaire agaaniiraho n’abeebembezi arikuteekateeka ngu nibaija kwikiriza amazima agu azoire hamwe na bagyenzi be kandi bageegyese abantu b’omu makanisa gaabo. Kwonka abeebembezi b’amadiini ago ekyo bakaba batarikukyenda. Abeegi ba Baibuli bakaba baine kwikiriza amazima aga: Bakaba bataine kukwatanisa n’amadiini g’ebishuba.​—Shoma 2 Abakorinso 6:14.

15. (a) Abakristaayo bakaza ryari ahansi y’obukwatwa bwa Babulooni Orukuru? (b) Ni bibuuzo ki ebi turikuza kugarukamu omu kicweka ekirikukurataho?

¹⁵ Hati twaherize kureeba ngu Abakristaayo ab’amazima bakaza omu bukwatwa omuri Babulooni bwanyima y’entumwa owaahererukireyo kufa. Kwonka eki nikireetaho ebibuuzo ebi: Ni buhame ki oburikworeka ngu omwaka 1914 gurikuza kuhika, abashukirweho amajuta bakaba bariyo nibaruga omu Babulooni Orukuru, batakiri bahuuku baarwo? Kihikire ngu Yehova akaba atarikusiima abaheereza be ahabw’okugira ngu bakaba batakibuurira munonga omu Rutaro rw’Ensi Yoona I? Abakristaayo abamwe bakagira orubaju omu by’obutegyeki kyareetera Yehova kutabasiima? Kandi, Abakristaayo ku baraabe baagiire omu bukwatwa bw’ediini y’ebishuba omu kyasha kya kabiri Y.A.K. n’okweyongyerayo, bakacungurwa ryari? Ebi n’ebibuuzo birungi. Nibiza kugarukwamu omu kicweka ekirikukurataho.