1. Kodi Tiyago adakulira m’banja la mtundu wanyi?

TIYAGO, m’bale wace wa Jezu, adakulira m’banja lomwe likhali lakulimba mwauzimu. * Abereki wace, Zuze na Mariya, akhafuna kwene-kwene Yahova ndipo akhacita bzentse bzomwe angakwanise kuti amutumikire. Tiyago akhana cisimbo pomwe cinango cakuthumizirika, comwe ni kukhala m’bale wace wa Mesiya. Kulewa cadidi, ukhali mwayi ukulu kwene-kwene kwa Tiyago kukulira m’banja limwelire!

2. Kodi ni mathangwe yaponi yomwe Tiyago akhanayo yakutewezerera Jezu?

² Tiyago akhana mathangwe mazinji yakubveka yakutewezerera m’bale wace Jezu. (Mateu 13:55) Mwa ciratizo, Jezu akhadziwa bwino Bzinembo mwakuti pomwe iye akhana magole 12, adacita bzinthu bzomwe bzidadabwisa akulu-akulu omwe akhadapfunza kwene-kwene ku Jeruzalemu. (Luka 2:46, 47) Pinango-pentse Tiyago akhaphata basa lakupala matabwa pabodzi na Jezu. Mwa njira imweyi, iye angadamudziwa bwino kwene-kwene m’bale waceyo. Nathan H. Knorr kawiri-kawiri akhambalewa kuti: “Imwepo mungamudziwe bwino munthu mukambaphata naye basa.” * Tiyago alibe kundothandiza Jezu pa basa lakupala matabwa, koma adamuwonambo akupitiriza “kukula msinkhu na nzeru, ndipo Mulungu na wanthu akhapitiriza kukomedwa naye.” (Luka 2:52) Tenepo, tingalewe kuti Tiyago akhana mathangwe yakubveka yakukhala nyakupfunza wakuyambirira wa Jezu. Tsono ndibzo lini bzomwe bzidacitika.

3. Kodi n’ciyani comwe Tiyago adacita pomwe Jezu adayamba basa lace lakupalizira?

³ Pomwe Jezu akhacita basa lace lakupalizira pa dziko la pantsi  pano, Tiyago alibe kukhala nyakupfunza wace. (Juwau 7:3-5) Pinango Tiyago akhali m’bodzi mwa adzinza wa Jezu omwe akhakumbuka kuti “iye akupenga.” (Marko 3:21) Ndipo palibe umboni bwakulatiza kuti Tiyago akhali pabodzi na mai wace, Mariya, pomwe Jezu adakhomereredwa pa muti wakuzunzidwira.—Juwau 19:25-27.

4. Kodi mu nkhani ino tin’pfunza ciyani?

⁴ Na kupita kwa nthawe, Tiyago adadzakhulupira Jezu ndipo adadzakhala m’bodzi mwa wanthu wakulemekezeka m’gwere lacikristau. Mu nkhani ino, tiniwona bzinthu bziwiri bzomwe tingapfunze na bzomwe bzidacitikira Tiyago: (1) Thangwe ranyi tin’funika kupitiriza kukhala wanthu wakubzicepesa na (2) tingakhale tani apfunzisi wabwino.

5. Kodi n’ciyani comwe Tiyago adacita pomwe adagumana na Jezu pomwe adalamusidwa?

⁵ Kodi ni pa nthawe iponi yomwe Tiyago adadzakhala mteweri wakukhulupirika wa Jezu? Pomwe Jezu adalamusidwa kwa anyakufa, iye “adawonekera kwa Tiyago, acidzawonekerambo kwa apostolo wentse.” (1 Akolinto 15:7) Kugumana komwe Tiyago na Jezu adacita kudacinja moyo wa Tiyagoyo. Mwa ciratizo, iye akhalipombo pa ntsiku yomwe apostolo akhadikhirira kutambira mzimu wakucena m’cipinda capadzulu ku Jeruzalemu. (Mabasa 1:13, 14) Na kupita kwa nthawe, Tiyago adadzakhala na mwayi wakutumikira ninga m’bodzi wa m’bungwe lakutonga mu nthawe ya Akristau wakuyambirira. (Mabasa 15:6, 13-22; Agalatiya 2:9) Ndipo pa nthawe inango, pomwe likhanati kufika gole la 62 E.C., mzimu wakucena udamutsogolera kunembera tsamba Akristau wakudzozedwa. Tsambalo limbatithandizambo ntsiku zino, bziribe basa penu cidikhiro cathu n’cakuyenda kudzulu ayai n’cakudzakhala pa dziko la pantsi pano. (Tiyago 1:1) Josephus, nyakunemba nkhani za Akristau wakuyambirira, adalewa kuti Mkulu wa Antsembe wacidjuda, Ananiya Mng’ono, ndiye adatonga kuti Tiyago aphedwe. Tiyago adapitiriza kukhala wakukhulupirika kwa Yahova mpaka kumaliza basa lace pa dziko la pantsi pano.

6. Kodi ni mwa njira iponi Tiyago akhali wakusiyana na atsogoleri wa bzipembedzo wa mu nthawe yace?

⁶Tiyago akhali munthu wakubzicepesa. Thangwe ranyi tingalewe tenepo? Onani kusiyana komwe kukhalipo pakati pa bzomwe Tiyago adacita na bzomwe akulu-akulu wa bzipembedzo adacita pakulewa bza Jezu. Pomwe Tiyago adakhala na umboni bwakusaya kugazika bwakuti Jezu akhalidi Mwana wa Mulungu, iye mwakubzicepesa adabvuma bzimwebzo. Tsono mwakusiyana na Tiyago, akulu-akulu  wa antsembe ku Jeruzalemu alibe kucita bzimwebzo. Mwa ciratizo, iwo alibe kugaza kuti Jezu adalamusa Lazaro kwa anyakufa. M’mbuto mwakubvuma kuti Jezu akhali Mwana wa Mulungu, iwo adacita ciri-centse kuti aphe Jezu na Lazaro kubodzi. (Juwau 11:53; 12:9-11) Patsogolo pace, pomwe Jezu adalamusidwa kwa anyakufa, iwo adayezera kubisira wanthu bzimwebzo. (Mateu 28:11-15) Thangwe ra kubzikuza, atsogoleri wa bzipembedzowo adamulamba Jezu kuti ni Mesiya.

7. Thangwe ranyi tin’funika kutcenkha kukhala wakubzikuza?

⁷Bzomwe tikupfunza: Tcenkhani kubzikuza ndipo mbakhalani wakupfunzisika. Ninga matenda yomwe yambafunga uzingo yacicitisa kuti mulopa uleke kufika mu mtima ndipo mtimayo ucitaza kuphata basa, kubzikuza kungacitise mtima wathu wakuyezezera kutazira kuphatisa basa malango yomwe Yahova ambatipasa. Afarizeu adabvuma kuti mitima yawo ikhale yakuuma ndipo bzimwebzi bzidacitisa kuti alambe umboni bwa padeca bomwe bukhalatizidwa kwa iwo na mzimu wa Mulungu. (Juwau 12:37-40) Imweyi ikhali ngozi kuna iwo thangwe akhadzonga tsogolo lawo. (Mateu 23:13, 33) Kulewa cadidi, mpsakufunika kuna ifepano kupitiriza kubvuma kuti Fala la Mulungu licinje makhalidwe yathu na kuticitisa kumbakumbuka bwino na kumbasankhula bwino bzakucita! (Tiyago 3:17) Pakuti Tiyago akhali munthu wakubzicepesa, iye adabvuma kupfunzisidwa na Yahova. Ndipo ninga momwe tiniwonera mu ndime zakutewerazi, kubzicepesa kwaceko ndiko kudamucitisa kukhala mpfunzisi waluso.

8. Kodi n’ciyani cingatithandize kukhala apfunzisi wabwino?

⁸ Tiyago akhalibe kupfunza kwene-kwene. Mwakusaya kupenukira, akulu-akulu wabzipembedzo akhamuwona ninga momwe adawonera Pedru na Juwau, omwe akhawonedwa ninga “wanthumbo tenepo na wakusaya kupfunza.” (Mabasa 4:13) Tsono Tiyago adapfunza kukhala mpfunzisi wabwino, ndipo timbawona bzimwebzi tikambawerenga bukhu la m’Bibliya lomwe limbadziwika na dzina lace. Ninga Tiyago, pinango ifepano tiribembo kupfunza kwene-kwene. Tsono napo bziri tenepo, na thandizo la mzimu wakucena na mapfunziso yomwe timbatambira m’gulu la Yahova, ifepano tingakhalembo apfunzisi  wabwino. Mbatiwoneni ciratizo comwe Tiyago adapereka ninga mpfunzisi ticiwonambo bzomwe tingapfunze na ciratizoco.

9. Kodi n’ciyani comwe tingalewe bza momwe Tiyago akhapfunzisira?

⁹Tiyago akhaphatisa basa mafala yakusaya kunesa kubvesesa pomwe akhapfunzisa. Ndipopa, abveseri wace akhadziwa bzomwe akhafunika kucita na momwe angadacitira. Mwa ciratizo, onani momwe Tiyago adapfunzisira mu njira yakusaya kunesa kubvesesa pa nkhani yakuti Akristau an’funika kukhala wakukonzeka kucitiridwa bzinthu mwakusaya cirungamo acisaya kukoya cakumtima. Iye adanemba kuti: “Wanthu wale omwe adapirira mabvuto timbawawona kuti mbakukondwa. Imwepo mudabva bza kupirira kwa Djobi ndipo mudawona bzomwe Yahova adamupasa, ndipo mudawonambo kuti Yahova ngwa lufoyi likulu na wantsisi.” (Tiyago 5:11) Onani kuti Tiyago adaphatisa basa Bzinembo pakupfunzisa. Iye adaphatisa basa Fala la Mulungu kuti athandize abveseri wace kuwona kuti Yahova nthawe zentse ambabaira wale omwe ambakhala wakukhulupirika kwa iye ninga momwe adacitira na Djobi. Tiyago adapfunzisa nfundo imweyi mwakuphatisa basa mafala yakusaya kunesa kubvesesa. Mwa njira imweyi, iye adapasa ulemerero Yahova m’mbuto mwakubzipasa ulemerero yekha.

10. Kodi tingatewezere tani Tiyago pakupfunzisa?

¹⁰Bzomwe tikupfunza: Mbapfunzisani mu njira yakusaya kunesa kubvesesa ndipo mbaphatisani basa Fala la Mulungu. Tikambapfunzisa wanthu, tin’funika lini kumbawalatiza kuti timbadziwa bzinthu kwene-kwene, koma timbawalatize nzeru ya Yahova na momwe iye ambawathandizira. (Aroma 11:33) Ifepano tingacite bzimwebzi mwa kumbaphatisa basa Bzinembo nthawe zentse pomwe tikupfunzisa. Mwa ciratizo, m’mbuto mwa kumbauza anyakupfunza wathu wa Bibliya bzomwe tingadacita pa nkhani inango tingadakhala iwo, mwakuphatisa basa bziratizo bza m’Bibliya, ifepano tin’funika kuwathandiza kubvesesa momwe Yahova ambabvera na kuwonera nkhaniyo. Mwa njira imweyi, iwo an’dzafuna kukondwesa Yahova sikuti kukondwesa ifepano.

11. Kodi ni bzinthu bziponi bzakuphonyeka bzomwe Akristau winango wa mu nthawe ya Tiyago akhacita, ndipo Tiyagoyo adawapasa malango yaponi? (Tiyago 5:13-15)

¹¹Tiyago akhatsemphera lini pakulewalewa. Kucokera mu tsamba lace, bzikuwonekeratu kuti Tiyago akhadziwa mabvuto yomwe abale wace wacikristau akhanayo. Ndipo iye adawapasa malango ya momwe iwo angakundire mabvutoyo. Mwa ciratizo, Akristau winango akhacedwa kuphatisa basa malango yomwe akhapasidwa. (Tiyago 1:22) Winango akhalatiza kuti akhafuna kwene-kwene anyakudala kuposa anyakusauka. (Tiyago 2:1-3) Ndipo winango akhana makiriyado. (Tiyago 3:8-10) Akristau wale akhana mabvuto mazinji. Tsono Tiyago akhadziwa kuti iwo angadacinja. Tenepo, iye adapereka malango yamphanvu koma mwakudeka mtima. Ndipo adalimbikisa wale omwe akhakwanisa lini kumalisa okha bvutolo kuti akakumbire thandizo akulu.—Werengani Tiyago 5:13-15.

12. Kodi tingalatize tani kuti timbawona bzinthu mwakuthemera pomwe tikuthandiza anyakupfunza wathu wa Bibliya?

¹²Bzomwe tikupfunza: Lekani kumbatsemphera pakupereka malango, tsono mbawonani winango mu njira yakuthemera. Wanthu azinji omwe timbawapfunzisa Bibliya anganeseke kuphatisa basa bzomwe akupfunzabzo. (Tiyago 4:1-4) Pinango pangatenge nthawe kuti iwo acinje makhalidwe yawo yakuipa acikhala na makhalidwe yacikristau. Ninga Tiyago, ifepano tin’funika kukhala wakukhwimika kuuza anyakupfunza wathu bzomwe an’funika kucinja. Koma tin’funikambo kuwona bzinthu mu njira yakuthemera ticikhulupirambo kuti Yahova an’dzakwewera kwa iye wanthu wakubzicepesa aciwapasa  mphanvu kuti acinje bzinthu pa moyo wawo.—Tiyago 4:10.

13. Mwakubverana na Tiyago 3:2 pabodzi na mafala ya m’nyantsi, kodi Tiyago adazindikira ciyani?

¹³Tiyago akhambabziwona mu njira yakuthemera. Tiyago akhambabziwona lini kuti ngwakufunika kwene-kwene kuposa Akristau winango thangwe rakuti akhali m’bale wace wa Jezu ayai thangwe ra utumiki bomwe adapasidwa. Iye akhambacemera abale wace wacikristau kuti “abale wangu wakufunidwa.” (Tiyago 1:16, 19; 2:5) Iye akhambacitisa lini wanthu winango kumuwona ninga kuti ngwakulungama. M’mbuto mwace, iye adabziphatanidzambo pomwe adalewa mafala yakuti: “Tentsenefe timbaphonya kazinji kentse.”—Werengani Tiyago 3:2 na mafala ya m’nyantsi.

14. Thangwe ranyi tin’funika kumbabvuma kuti timbaphonya?

¹⁴Bzomwe tikupfunza: Kumbukirani kuti tentse tina pikado. Tin’funika lini kumbakumbuka kuti ndife wakufunika kwene-kwene kuposa wale omwe timbawapfunzisa. Thangwe ranyi? Ifepano tikacitisa nyakupfunza wathu kutiwona ninga kuti timbaphonya lini, iye an’dzawofoka thangwe rakuti an’dzakumbuka kuti angakwanise lini kuteweza bzomwe Mulungu ambafuna. Tsono tikambalatiza kuti nthawe zinango bzimbatinesambo kuteweza nfundo za m’Bibliya na kumufotokozerambo momwe Yahova watithandizira kucinja bzinthu pa moyo wathu, ifepano tin’dzathandiza nyakupfunza wathuyo kuwona kuti angakwanisembo kutumikira Yahova.

15. Kodi n’ciyani comwe tingalewe pa nkhani ya bziratizo bzomwe Tiyago akhaphatisa basa? (Tiyago 3:2-6, 10-12)

¹⁵Tiyago adaphatisa basa bziratizo bzakuphata mtima. Mpsakupenukisa lini kuti iye akhathandizidwa na mzimu wakucena, tsono bzikuwoneka kuti iye adapfunzambo kwene-kwene momwe angapfunzisire na bziratizo bzomwe mkulu wace, Jezu, adaphatisa basa. Bziratizo bzomwe Tiyago adaphatisa basa mu tsamba lace, mpsakusaya kunesa kubzibvesesa na kubziphatisa basa.—Werengani Tiyago 3:2-6, 10-12.

16. Thangwe ranyi tin’funika kuphatisa basa bziratizo bzakuphata mtima?

¹⁶Bzomwe tikupfunza: Phatisani basa bziratizo bzakuphata mtima. Mukambaphatisa basa bziratizo bzakuthemera, mun’dzathandiza wanthu kuwona m’makumbukidwe mwawo bzomwe mukuwapfunzisabzo. Bzimwebzi bzin’dzathandiza abveseri wanu kukumbukira cadidi ca m’Bibliya cakufunika. Jezu akhali xaxa pakuphatisa basa bziratizo bzakuphata mtima ndipo m’bale wace Tiyago adatewezera ciratizo cace. Bwerani ticezerane  ciratizo cibodzi ca Tiyago ticiwonambo kuti thangwe ranyi cikhali cakuphata mtima.

17. Thangwe ranyi ciratizo ca pa Tiyago 1:22-25 n’cakuphata mtima?

¹⁷ Werengani Tiyago 1:22-25. Ciratizo ca Tiyago cakulewa bza supedyo n’cakuphata mtima pa mathangwe mazinji. Na ciratizoci, iye akhapfunzisa nfundo yakuti, kuti tigumane phindu na Fala la Mulungu tin’funika kuwerenga na kuphatisa basa bzomwe tawerengabzo. Tiyago adaphatisa basa ciratizo comwe wanthu akhacidziwa kale, comwe n’ca munthu omwe akubziwona pa supedyo. Kodi njiponi nfundo yomwe iye akhafuna kupfunzisa? Iye akhafuna kupfunzisa kuti kungakhale kusaya nzeru munthu kubziwona pa supedyo, aciwona bzomwe an’funika kukonza koma iye ne kucita bzimwebzo. Mwakundendemerana na bzimwebzi, kungakhale kusaya nzeru kuwerenga Fala la Mulungu, ticiwona bzinthu bzomwe tin’funika kucinja pa makhalidwe yathu koma ife ne kucita bzimwebzo.

18. Kodi ni bzinthu bzitatu bziponi bzomwe tin’funika kucita pomwe tikuphatisa basa bziratizo?

¹⁸ Pomwe mukuphatisa basa bziratizo, imwepo mun’funika kutewezera Tiyago mwakucita bzinthu bzitatu ibzi: (1) Onesesani kuti ciratizoco cikubverana na nfundo yomwe mukufotokozayo. (2) Phatisani basa ciratizo comwe abveseri wanu angacibvesese mwakusaya kunesa. (3) Bvekesani nfundo yomwe abveseri wanu akupfunza kucokera pa ciratizoco. Penu bzimbakunesani kukumbukira bziratizo bzakuthemera, fufudzani mu Bukhu Lakufufudzira Nkhani la Mboni za Yahova la Cipwitikizi. Pantsi pa ka msolo kakuti “Ilustrações,” imwepo mun’dzagumana bziratizo bzizinji bzomwe mungabziphatise basa. Kumbukirani kuti bziratizo bzimbathandiza abveseri wanu kubvesesa nfundo yomwe mukuwapfunzisa. Tenepo, onesesani kuti ciratizo comwe mukuciphatisa basa cina nfundo yomwe mukuwapfunzisa. Bzimwebzi mpsakufunika thangwe rakuti timbapfunzisa wanthu sikuti na cakulinga cakuti tibziwonesere koma na cakulinga cakufuna kuthandiza wanthu azinji kuti acite mbali ya banja lakukondwa la Yahova.

19. Kodi timbalatiza tani kuti timbafuna abale wathu wauzimu?

¹⁹ Ifepano tiribe kukhala na mwayi ninga omwe Tiyago adakhala nawo, wakukhala na m’bale wakulungamiratu, koma tina mwayi wakutumikira Yahova pabodzi na abale na mpfumakazi zathu zacikristau. Ifepano timbalatiza kuti timbawafuna mwa kumbaceza nawo, kupfunza na bzomwe iwo ambacita na kumbacita nawo basa lakupalizira mwakukhulupirika. Tikacita nyongo yakutewezera ciratizo ca Tiyago m’makhalidwe yathu na momwe timbapfunzisira, tin’dzalemekezesa Yahova ndipo tin’dzathandiza wanthu wa mitima yabwino kukhala pa uxamwali bwakulimba na Baba wathu wakudzulu omwe ngwalufoyi.