1. Kodi n’ciyani cidacitika pa nthawe ya kupfudzidwa kwa mzinda wa Jeruzalemu?

MU GOLE la 607 Kristu akanati kubwera, Mambo Nabokadinezori waciwiri pabodzi na thimu likulu la acikunda wa ku Babulo adakapfudza mzinda wa Jeruzalemu. Bibliya limbalewa kuti mambo adapha alumbwana mwakuphatisa basa mphanga. ‘Iye alibe kubvera nsisi tswaka ne dende, wacikulire ne mkhalamba.’ Pakumalizira, ‘iye adatentha nyumba ya Mulungu wacadidi, adagwesa mpanda wa Jeruzalemu, adatentha mzinda wense wakulimba na moto ndipo adapfudziratu bzinthu bzense bzakufunika.’—2 Nkhani 36:17, 19.

2. Kodi Yahova adapereka cenjezo liponi kuna Ajuda ndipo n’ciyani comwe cingadawacitikira?

² Ajuda angadadabwisika lini na kupfudzidwa kwa mzinda wa Jeruzalemu. Kwa magole mazinji, Mulungu adatumiza apolofeta kuti akadziwise wanthu kuti penu iwo angadapitiriza kusaya kumubvera, iwo angadadzapfudzidwa na Ababulowo. Ajuda azinji angadaphedwa na mphanga ndipo wale omwe angadapulumuka angadadzakhala akapolo ku Babulo. (Jeremiya 15:2) Kodi moyo ukhali tani ku ukapolo? Kodi bzidacitikambo kale bzinthu ninga bzimwebzi kwa akristau? Penu bzidacitika kale, ni lini?

3. Kodi moyo wa ukapolo ku Babulo ukhadasiyana tani na ukapolo bwa ku Edjipito?

³ Yahova akhadauza Ajuda kuti pomwe iwo angadayenda ku ukapolo, angadafunika kubvuma mkhalidwe watsapanoyo acikhala na moyo ninga momwe angadakwanisira. Mwakuphatisa basa Jeremiya iye adawauza kuti: ‘Mangani nyumba mucikhala m’mwemo. Bzalani mucidya bzisapo bzace. Ndipo lingani kuti mzinda omwe ndakucitisani kuti mukhale akapoloyo ukhale pa mtendere, ndipo mbaupembererani kuna Yahova, pakuti mzindayo ukakhala pa mtendere imwembo mun’dzakhalambo pa mtendere.’ (Jeremiya 29:5, 7) Ajuda omwe adateweza malango ya Yahova adakhala na moyo wabwino ku ukapoloko. Ababulo adabvumiza Ajuda kuti ambacite bzinthu bzizinji bzomwe bzikhabverana na moyo wawo na kuti ambazunge dziko lense mwakutsudzuka. Pa nthaweyo, Babulo likhali dziko likulu lakucitira malonda. Matsamba yakale yambalatiza kuti Ajuda pomwe akhali ku ukapolo, azinji wa iwo adapfunza kucita malonda na mabasa manango ya manja. Ndipo Ajuda winango adakhala na cuma. Moyo wa ukapolo ukhali lini wakunesa ninga momwe ukhaliri kwa Ajirayeri pomwe akhali akapolo ku Edjipito kwa magole mazinji.—Werengani Kufuluka 2:23-25.

4. Kupambula Ajuda wakusaya kukhulupirika, kodi mbani winango omwe akhabonerambo ndipo n’thangwe ranyi bzikhali bzakunesa kuti ateweze malamulo yense?

⁴ Ajuda winango omwe akhali ku ukapolo, akhali atumiki wakukhulupirika kwa Mulungu. Napo kuti akhalibe kuphonya, iwo adabonera pabodzi na Ajuda wakusaya kubvera. Ajuda akhana bzinthu bzakufunika pa moyo wawo, tsono kodi iwo angadanamata tani Yahova? Tempwlo pabodzi na mphatso bzikhadapfudzidwa ndipo anyansembe angadacita lini basa lawo mwakulinganizika. Koma Ajuda wakukhulupirika adacita bzense bzomwe angadakwanisa kuti ateweze Malamulo ya Mulungu. Mwa ciratizo, Danyeri, Sadraki, Mesaki na Abedinego adalamba kudya cakudya comwe cikhali cakuletsedwa kuna Ajuda. Ndipo Bibliya limbalewa kuti Danyeri nthawe zense akhapemba kuna Mulungu. (Danyeri 1:8; 6:10) Tsono, pakuti iwo akhatongedwa na mtundu wacikunja, bzikhanesa kuti Ajuda wakukhulupirika ateweze Malamulo yense.

5. Kodi Yahova adapereka piciro liponi kuna wanthu wace ndipo n’thangwe ranyi bzikhawoneka ninga bzingadakwanisika lini?

⁵ Kodi Ajirayeri angadadzakwanisa lini pomwe kunamata Mulungu mu njira yakuthemera? Pa nthawe imweyo, bzikhawoneka ninga kuti bzingadakwanisika lini thangwe Ababulowo akhatsudzula lini akapolo wawo. Koma Yahova Mulungu akhadapicira kale kuti wanthu wace angadatsudzulidwa ndipo ndibzo bzomwe bzidadzacitika. Nthawe zense mapiciro ya Mulungu yambakwanisika!—Zaiya 55:11.

6, 7. N’thangwe ranyi n’bzakufunika kucinja kabvesesedwe kathu?

⁶ Kodi akristau adagumanambo na bvuto la ukapolo ninga la Ajuda ku Babulo? Kwa magole mazinji, Nsanza ya Mulindiri ikhalewa kuti akristau wakukhulupirika adakhala pa ukapolo ninga bwa ku Babulo mu gole la 1918 ndipo  adatsudzulidwa mu 1919. Tenepo, nkhani ino na yomwe inkutewera, tin’dzapfunza thangwe race n’bzakufunika kucinja kabvesesedwe kathu.

⁷ Kumbukirani ibzi: Babulo Mkulu ni gulu la pa dziko lense la pansi la bzipembedzo bzakunama. Ndipo m’gole la 1918 wanthu wa Mulungu alibe kukhala akapolo wa cipembedzo cakunama. N’cadidi kuti pa nthawe imweyi, akristau wakudzozedwa akhazunzidwa. Koma cizunzo cawo kawiri-kawiri cikhacokera kuna maboma, sikuti cipembedzo cakunama. Nkhondo Yakuyamba ya pa Dziko Lense ikanati kucitika, akristau wakudzozedwa wa Mulungu akhadasiyana kale na cipembedzo cakunama. Tenepo, bzinkuwoneka kuti atumiki wa Yahova alibe kukhala pa ukapolo bwa Babulo Mkulu mu gole la 1918.

8. Kodi n’ciyani cidacitika pomwe apostolo adafa? (Onani cithunzi-thunzi pa tsamba 21.)

⁸ Pa Pentekosite wa mu gole la 33, akristau azinji adadzozedwa na mzimu wakucena. Iwo adakhala ‘mtundu wakusankhulidwa, anyansembe wa umambo, mtundu wakucena, wanthu omwe angadzakhala cuma cakupambulika.’ (Werengani 1 Pedru 2:9, 10.) Apostolo akhasamalira bwino magwere. Na tenepo, pambuyo pa kufa kwa apostolowo, wanthu winango m’magwere adayamba kupfunzisa nzeru zakunama ndipo akhafuna kuti wanthu aleke kuteweza cadidi. Amuna amwewa akhambafuna kuphatisa basa nzeru za wanthu ayai filozofia ndipo adayamba kupfunzisa nzeru zawo m’mbuto mwa cadidi ca m’Fala la Mulungu. (Mabasa 20:30; 2 Watesalonika 2:6-8) Iwo akhana maudindo yakufunika m’magwere. Tenepo, napo kuti Jezu akhadauza anyakupfunza wace kuti ‘mwensenemwe ndimwe abale,’ koma pa nthaweyi padayamba kuwoneka apanduki, liciyambika gulu la atsogoleri wacipembedzo.—Mateu 23:8.

9. Fotokozani momwe akristau wakupanduka adayamba kucitira bzinthu pabodzi na utongi bwa Roma. Kodi bzakutewera bzace bzidakhala bziponi?

⁹ Mu gole la 313 pambuyo pa Kristu, Mambo Constantino Mtongi wa Roma adacitisa apanduki wacikristauwa kukhala cipembedzo cakukhazikisidwa mwa lamulo. Patsogolo pace, gereja na boma la Roma bzidayamba kucitira bzinthu pabodzi. Mwa ciratizo, Constantino adacita mtsonkhano na atsogoleri wa bzipembedzo ndipo udadzadziwika na dzina lakuti Mtsonkhano wa Niceia. Pambuyo pa mtsonkhanoyu, mtongiyo adathamangisa padre winango wakucemeredwa Ário thangwe alibe kubvuma kuti Jezu ni Mulungu. Na nthawe, Teodósio adakhala mambo wa Roma ndipo gereja ya Katolika idakhazikisidwa mwa lamulo mu Utongi bwa Roma. Adziwi wa nkhani za kale ambalewa kuti Roma adakhala ‘Wacikristau’ mkati mwa Utongi bwa Teodósio. Koma cadidi n’cakuti pa nthawe imweyi, apanduki wacikristau akhadabvuma kale bzipfunziso bzacikunja, ndipo iwo akhali kale ku mbali ya Babulo Mkulu. Tsono akhalipombo akristau winango wakudzozedwa wakukhulupirika. Iwo akhali ninga trigu yomwe Jezu adaifotokoza. Akristau  wakukhulupirikawa akhacita nyongo yakunamata Mulungu, koma mbang’ono-ng’ono omwe akhatetekera bzomwe iwo akhalewa. (Werengani Mateu 13:24, 25, 37-39.) Iwo akhalidi pa ukapolo bwa Babulo!

10. Kodi n’ciyani comwe cidacitisa kuti wanthu winango alambe bzipfunziso bza cipembedzo?

¹⁰ M’magole dzana yakuyambirira pambuyo pa Kristu, wanthu azinji akhapitiriza kuwerenga Bibliya m’cirewedwe cacigerego ayai cacilatini. Iwo akhandendemeza bzipfunziso bza m’Fala la Mulungu na bzipfunziso bza m’bzipembedzo. Pomwe wanthu winango akhazindikira kuti bzipfunziso bza m’bzipembedzo bzikhali bzakunama, iwo akhaleka kubziphatisa basa. Koma iwo angadauza lini winango bzimwebzo pakuti angadaphedwa.

11. Kodi cipembedzo cidacita ciyani kuti wanthu atazire kuwerenga Bibliya?

¹¹ Na kupita kwa nthawe, wanthu azinji akhalewalewa lini pomwe cirewedwe cacigerego ayai cacilatini. Ndipo atsogoleri wabzipembedzo  akhabvumiza lini kuti Fala la Mulungu lisanduliziridwe m’bzirewedwe bzomwe wanthuwo akhabzidziwa. Ninga bzakutewera, atsogoleri wa magereja na wanthu winango omwe akhadapfunza ndiwo okha omwe akhambawerenga Bibliya ndipo winango wa iwo akhakwanisa lini kuwerenga bwino ne kunemba. Ali-wense omwe akhabvuma lini bzomwe cipembedzoco cikhapfunzisa akhapasidwa cirango cikulu. Akristau wakudzozedwa wakukhulupirika akhambatsonkhana pabodzi m’tumagulu tung’ono-tung’ono mwakabisira ndipo winango akhakwanisa lini kugumanika pa mitsonkhano yense. Ninga Ajuda omwe akhali ku ukapolo ku Babulo, ‘anyansembe wakukhulupirikawa’ akhakwanisa lini kunamata mwakulinganizika. Babulo Mkulu akhambapereka malamulo yakukhwima kwene-kwene!

12, 13. Kodi ni mathangwe mawiri yaponi yomwe yadapasa akristau wa cadidi cidikhiro ca ufulu? Fotokozani.

¹² Kodi pakhana cidikhiro cakuti akristau wacadidi angadadzanamata Mulungu mwakutsudzuka na mwakubvumizika? Inde! Pakhana cidikhiro pa mathangwe mawiri yakufunika. Thangwe lakuyamba lidakhala kugumana makina yakudindira mabukhu. Koma pomwe makinayo yakhanati kukonzedwa ca m’magole ya 1450, Bibliya likhacita kunembedwa na manja, bzomwe bzikhali bzakunesa. Pangadatenga minyezi khumi kuti munthu wakudziwa bwino amalize kunemba cipande cibodzi ca Bibliya! Kuthumizira bzimwebzi, anyakunembawo akhanembera pa makhanda. Bzakutewera bzace, pakhana bzipande bzakucepa bza Bibliya ndipo bzikhali bzakuumira kwene-kwene. Tsono, pomwe makina yakudindiraya yadagumanika na matsamba yace, munthu wakudziwa bwino kunemba angadadinda matsamba yakupitirira 1.300 nsiku iri-yense!

¹³ Thangwe laciwiri likhali kusanduliziridwa kwa Bibliya. M’magole ya 1500, amuna wakucepa wakukhwimika adasandulizira Fala la Mulungu m’bzirewedwe bzomwe bzikhalalewedwa na wanthu azinji. Iwo adacita bzimwebzi napo akhadziwa kuti angadaphedwa thangwe ra basali. Atsogoleri wa magereja adakhala na mantha. Thangwe ranyi? Thangwe iwo akhagopa kuti wanthu omwe ana mtima wakufuna kudziwa cadidi akawerenga Bibliya m’cirewedwe cawo cakubadwa naco, angadayamba kubzibvunza mibvunzo ninga iyi: ‘Kodi ni vesi liponi la m’Bibliya lomwe limbalewa kuti munthu an’funika kupasa kobiri nyansembe kuti afotokoze nkhani ya nkhawa? Kodi ni vesi liponi m’Bibliya lomwe limbalewa bza akulu-akulu wa magereja ninga papa na cardeais?’ Bzipfunziso bzizinji bza cipembedzo cakunama bzikhacokera ku nzeru za filozofia za Aristóteles na Platão, amuna omwe adakhala na moyo m’magole dzana Kristu anati kubwera. Atsogoleri wa magereja akhakalipa kwene-kwene pomwe wanthu akhawabvunza. Wanthu omwe adalamba bzipfunziso bzawo adapasidwa cilango ca infa. Atsogoleri wa magereja kawiri-kawiri akhaletsa wanthu kuwerenga Bibliya na kubvunza  mibvunzo. Koma wanthu winango mwakukhwimika adalamba kutsogoleredwa na Babulo Mkulu. Iwo adagumana cadidi ca m’Fala la Mulungu ndipo adafunisisa kudziwa bzizinji! Kutsudzulidwa m’manja mwa cipembedzo cakunama kukhali pafupi.

14. (a) Kodi n’ciyani comwe wanthu omwe akhafuna kupfunza Bibliya adacita? (b) Fotokozani bzomwe m’bale Russell adacita kuti agumane cadidi.

¹⁴ Wanthu azinji akhafuna kuwerenga na kupfunza Bibliya na kufotokozera winango bzomwe akhapfunzabzo. Iwo akhafuna lini kuti atsogoleri wa magereja ambawauze bzomwe iwo ambakhulupire. Tenepo, iwo adathawira m’madziko yomwe iwo angadakakhala na ufulu bwa kupfunza Bibliya. Ndipo libodzi mwa madzikoya ni Estados Unidos. Kumweko, mu gole la 1870, Charles Taze Russell pabodzi na winango adayamba kupfunza Bibliya na nyongo. Pakuyamba, m’bale Russell akhafuna kugumana cipembedzo comwe cikhapfunzisa cadidi. Iye adandendemeza mwakusamala bzinthu bzomwe bzipembedzo bzakunama bzikhapfunzisa na bzomwe Bibliya limbalewa. Mwakusaya kucedwa iye adazindikira kuti pakhalibe cipembedzo ne na cibodzi comwe cikhateweza ndendende Fala la Mulungu. Ndipo iye adaceza na atsogoleri wa bzipembedzo bzakusiyana-siyana wa m’deralo bza cadidi comwe adacigumana m’Bibliya. M’bale Russell akhadikhira kuti iwo angadabvuma cadidi comwe iye pabodzi na kagulu kace adacigumana m’Bibliya na kuti angadapfunzisa cadidico m’magwere mwawo. Koma atsogoleri wa bzipembedzowo alibe kufuna kubva bzimwebzo. Anyakupfunza Bibliyawo mwakusaya kucedwa adazindikira kuti akhafunika lini kunamata Mulungu pabodzi na omwe akhacita mbali ya cipembedzo cakunama.—Werengani 2 Wakolinto 6:14.

15. (a) Kodi ni lini pomwe akristau wacadidi adakhala pa ukapolo bwa Babulo? (b) Kodi ni mibvunzo iponi yomwe in’dzatawiridwa mu msolo unkutewerayu?

¹⁵ Mu nkhani ino, tapfunza kuti akristau wacadidi adakhala pa ukapolo bwa Babulo pomwe apostolo wakumalizira adafa. Tenepo, tin’funika kupitiriza kudziwa mitawiro ya mibvunzo yakutewerayi: Kodi timbadziwa tani kuti akristau wakudzozedwa akhadatsudzuka pa ukapolo bwa Babulo Mkulu likanati kufika gole la 1914? Kodi n’cadidi kuti pa nthawe ya Nkhondo Yakuyamba ya pa Dziko Lense Yahova akhakomedwa lini na wanthu wace thangwe rakuti iwo akhadaleka kupalizira mwakukwana? Kodi abale wathu winango pa nthaweyi, adatazira kupirira pa bza ndale aciluza uxamwali bwawo na Yahova? Pakumalizira, penu akristau adakhala pa ukapolo bwa cipembedzo cakunama pambuyo pa kufa kwa apostolo, kodi ni lini pomwe iwo adatsudzulidwa? Mibvunzo yakufunikayi in’dzatawiridwa mu msolo unkutewerayu.