Bɔ Ni Fee Ni Wɔnine Shɛ Biblia Lɛ Nɔ

Eji naakpɛɛ sane waa akɛ Biblia lɛ enyɛ ehi shi kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ ní emli saji lɛ tsakeko. Aŋma Biblia lɛ agbe naa nɔ ni fe afii 1,900 ni eho nɛ. Aŋmala emli woji lɛ yɛ nibii ni etsɛɛɛ fitemɔ anɔ, tamɔ kooloo hewolo kɛ papiro, ni akɛ jwɛi henɔ ko fee lɛ. Agbɛnɛ hu, aŋmala yɛ wiemɔi ni mɛi fioo pɛ wieɔ ŋmɛnɛ lɛ amli. Kɛfata he lɛ, mɛi komɛi ni hiɛ gbɛnai, tamɔ maŋtsɛmɛi kɛ jamɔŋ hiɛnyiɛlɔi nɛkɛ, ka waa akɛ amɛbaakpãtã Biblia lɛ hiɛ.

TE FEE TƐŊŊ ni wolo ni he hiaa waa nɛɛ enyɛ ehi shi afii babaoo kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ, ni ebatsɔ wolo ni ale waa fe woji krokomɛi fɛɛ lɛ? Naa yiŋtoi enyɔ komɛi ahewɔ ni eji nakai.

Akwɛ Nɔ Aŋmala Pii Kɛbaa Yi

Blema Israelbii lɛ ji mɛi ni akɛ Biblia mli woji lɛ wo amɛdɛŋ. Amɛbu woji nɛɛ ahe jogbaŋŋ, ni amɛkwɛ nɔ amɛŋmala eko amɛshwie shi. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, akɛɛ Israel maŋtsɛmɛi lɛ ni ‘amɛkwɛ Mla nɛɛ ni ayaŋɔ kɛjɛ osɔfoi ni ji Levibii lɛ adɛŋ lɛ nɔ, ní amɛŋma eko.’​—5 Mose 17:18.

Israelbii lɛ ateŋ mɛi pii na Ŋmalɛ lɛ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ, hewɔ lɛ amɛsumɔɔ ekanemɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, woloŋmalɔi ni atsɔse amɛ jogbaŋŋ to amɛtsui shi amɛkwɛ ŋmalɛi lɛ amli jogbaŋŋ ni amɛŋmala eko amɛshwie shi. Awie woloŋmalɔ ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ Ezra, ni sheɔ Nyɔŋmɔ gbeyei lɛ he akɛ, “eji woloŋmalɔ ni le Mose Mla ni Yehowa, Israel Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ kɛhã Israelbii lɛ mli jogbaŋŋ.” (Ezra 7:6) Kɛjɛ aaafee afi 500 Ŋ.B. kɛbashi afi 1000 Ŋ.B. lɛ, woloŋmalɔi komɛi ni abale amɛ akɛ Masoretebii lɛ kwɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛ lɛ loo “Kpaŋmɔ Momo” lɛ nɔ amɛŋmala eko amɛshwie shi. Amɛkane alfabɛtai ni yɔɔ mli lɛ fɛɛ bɔ ni afee ni amɛná nɔmimaa akɛ, amɛkɛ wiemɔ ko fatako he, amɛtsakeko eko, ni amɛjieko eko yɛ mli. Akɛni amɛto amɛtsui shi amɛkwɛ ŋmalɛi lɛ amli jogbaŋŋ amɛŋmala eko amɛshwie shi hewɔ lɛ, mɔdɛŋ ni mɛi ni sumɔɔɔ Biblia lɛ bɔ shii abɔ koni amɛkpãtã hiɛ lɛ yeee omanye, ni no hewɔ lɛ, ehi shi kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ ni emli saji lɛ tsakeko.

Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, yɛ afi 168 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ, Siria nɔyelɔ Antiochus IV lɛ ka akɛ ebaakpãtã Hebri ŋmalɛi fɛɛ ni ebaana yɛ Palestina kpokpaa lɛ nɔ lɛ hiɛ. Aŋma yɛ wolo ko ni wieɔ Yudafoi lɛ ayinɔsane he lɛ mli akɛ: “Wolo fɛɛ wolo ni amɛbaana ni aŋma mla lɛ yɛ mli lɛ, amɛtserɛɔ mli ni amɛshãa.” Aŋma yɛ The Jewish Encyclopedia lɛ mli akɛ: “Mɛi ni afã ni amɛkpãtã Hebri ŋmalɛi lɛ ahiɛ lɛ tsu he nii kɛ hiɛdɔɔ ni amɛnaaa mɔbɔ . . . Kɛ́ ana akɛ mɔ ko yɛ ŋmalɛ ko lɛ . . . agbeɔ lɛ.” Fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Yudafoi ni yɔɔ Palestina kɛ maji krokomɛi anɔ lɛ nyɛ amɛkɛ ŋmalɛi lɛ to, ni anyɛɛɛ akpãtã hiɛ.

Yɛ Kristofoi A-Greek Ŋmalɛ lɛ loo “Kpaŋmɔ Hee” lɛ gbɛfaŋ lɛ, kɛ́ mumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ kudɔ Kristofonyo ko ni eŋma lɛta ko, gbalɛ ko loo yinɔsane ko egbe naa nɔŋŋ lɛ, akwɛɔ nɔ ni aŋmalaa eko ashwieɔ shi, ni ajaa ahãa Kristofoi yɛ hei srɔtoi. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, Yohane ŋma e-Sanekpakpa lɛ yɛ Efeso loo he ko ni bɛŋkɛ jɛmɛ. Shi nɔ ni sa kadimɔ ji akɛ, ana Yohane Sanekpakpa lɛ he wolokpo ko ni etserɛ yɛ Ejipt ní kɛ Efeso teŋ jekɛmɔ ji kilomitai ohai abɔ lɛ. Nilelɔi komɛi kɛɛ aŋma wolokpo nɛɛ be ni aŋma klɛŋklɛŋ nɔ lɛ sɛɛ nɔ ni shɛɛɛ afii 50. Sane nɛɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, kɛ́ aŋma Kristofoi A-Greek Ŋmalɛ lɛ mli wolo ko agbe naa lɛ, etsɛɛɛ ni Kristofoi ni yɔɔ shɔŋŋshɔŋŋ lɛ anine shɛɔ eko nɔ.

Yiŋtoo kroko hewɔ ni Kristo gbele lɛ sɛɛ afii ohai abɔ lɛ anyɛɛɛ akpãtã Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ hiɛ lɛ ji akɛ, aŋmala pii ni akɛtsu nii yɛ hei srɔtoi. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, abɔ amaniɛ akɛ, yɛ February 23, afi 303 Ŋ.B. leebi mli lɛ, Roma Nɔyelɔ Diocletian kwɛ esraafoi lɛ ni amɛjwara sɔlemɔtsu ko shinai ni amɛbote mli ni amɛyashã ŋmalɛi ni yɔɔ mli lɛ. Diocletian yasusu akɛ kɛ́ ekpãtã Kristofoi lɛ aŋmalɛi krɔŋkrɔŋi lɛ ahiɛ lɛ, no baakpãtã amɛjamɔ lɛ hiɛ. Enɔ jetsɛremɔ lɛ, efã akɛ ashã Bibliai fɛɛ yɛ faŋŋ mli, yɛ maji ni Romabii lɛ yeɔ amɛnɔ lɛ fɛɛ amli. Shi amɛnine shɛɛɛ Bibliai lɛ ekomɛi anɔ, hewɔ lɛ akwɛ nomɛi anɔ ni aŋmala eko ashwie shi. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, yɛ yiwaa ni Diocletian kɛba Kristofoi lɛ anɔ lɛ sɛɛ etsɛɛɛ lɛ, eeenyɛ efee akɛ, akwɛ Bibliai ni yɔɔ lɛ ekomɛi anɔ aŋmala eko ashwie shi yɛ Greek mli, ni amɛteŋ enyɔ yɛ kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ. Ekome yɛ Rome; ni ekroko lɛ hu yɛ Britain Wojiatoohe ni yɔɔ London, yɛ England lɛ.

Eyɛ mli akɛ anako Biblia lɛ wolokpoi ni Biblia ŋmalɔi lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ŋmala lɛ eko moŋ, shi nɔ ni akwɛ Biblia muu lɛ fɛɛ loo efãi komɛi anɔ aŋmala eko ashwie shi lɛ akpei abɔ yɛ kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ. Ekomɛi etsɛ waa. Be ni akwɛɔ blema ŋmalɛi lɛ anɔ aŋmalaa eko ashwieɔ shi lɛ, ani emli saji lɛ ekomɛi tsake? Nilelɔ ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ W. H. Green lɛ ŋma yɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛ lɛ he akɛ: “Abaanyɛ awie kɛ nɔmimaa akɛ, blema wolo ko kwraa bɛ ni abaa yi jogbaŋŋ tamɔ no.” Sir Frederic Kenyon, ni eji blema Biblia wolokpoi ahe nilelɔ kpanaa lɛ ŋma yɛ Kristofoi A-Greek Ŋmalɛ lɛ he akɛ: “Kɛ́ akɛ be ni aŋma nɔ ni akwɛ ŋmalɛi ni yɔɔ lɛ anɔ aŋmala eko ashwie shi lɛ ateŋ nɔ ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ ni yɔɔ amrɔ nɛɛ to be ni Biblia ŋmalɔi lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ŋma amɛnɔ lɛ he lɛ, afii ni kã amɛteŋ lɛ faaa tsɔ, ni no hewɔ lɛ srɔto tsɔ ko bɛ amɛteŋ. Belɛ, eyɛ faŋŋ akɛ, tsakemɔ tsɔ ko bɛ Ŋmalɛ ni wɔhiɛ amrɔ nɛɛ kɛ nɔ ni aŋma klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa lɛ teŋ. Wɔbaanyɛ wɔwie kɛ nɔmimaa akɛ, Kpaŋmɔ Hee lɛ diɛŋtsɛ wɔhiɛ lɛ, ni tsakemɔ tsɔ ko bɛ mli.” Ewie hu akɛ: “Ŋwanejee ko bɛ akɛ, tsakemɔ tsɔ ko bɛ saji ni yɔɔ Biblia ni wɔhiɛ amrɔ nɛɛ mli. . . . Anyɛŋ awie nakai yɛ blema wolo ko wolo ko he.”

Biblia Shishitsɔɔmɔ

Yiŋtoo titri ni ji enyɔ hewɔ ni Biblia lɛ ehe gbɛ́i waa lɛ ji akɛ, atsɔɔ shishi kɛtee wiemɔi pii amli. Enɛ kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ yiŋtoo kpãa gbee, ejaakɛ eesumɔ ni gbɔmɛi ni jɛ jeŋmaŋ fɛɛ jeŋmaŋ kɛ wiemɔ fɛɛ wiemɔ mli lɛ abale lɛ, ni “amɛkɛ mumɔ kɛ anɔkwale ajá lɛ.”​—Yohane 4:23, 24; Mika 4:2.

Atsɔɔ Hebri Ŋmalɛ lɛ shishi klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa kɛtee Greek mli, ni atsɛɔ lɛ Septuagint. Atsɔɔ shishi ahã Yudafoi ni bɛ Palestina kpokpaa lɛ nɔ ni wieɔ Greek lɛ, ni agbe naa aaafee afii 200 dani Yesu je esɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ shishi yɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ. Be ni agbe Hebri Ŋmalɛ lɛ kɛ Kristofoi A-Greek Ŋmalɛ lɛ fɛɛ naa lɛ sɛɛ afii ohai fioo komɛi lɛ, atsɔɔ Biblia muu lɛ fɛɛ shishi kɛtee wiemɔi babaoo amli. Shi sɛɛ mli lɛ, maŋtsɛmɛi kɛ osɔfoi po ni kulɛ esa akɛ amɛfee bɔ fɛɛ bɔ ni amɛbaanyɛ koni maŋbii lɛ anine ashɛ Biblia lɛ nɔ lɛ efeee nakai. Amɛka akɛ amɛbaahã amɛshishi bii lɛ ahi mumɔŋ duŋ mli, ejaakɛ amɛŋmɛɛɛ gbɛ ni atsɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ shishi kɛya wiemɔi ni mɛi pii wieɔ lɛ amli.

Hii ekãalɔi komɛi tse osɔfoi lɛ kɛ nɔyelɔi lɛ hiɛ atua, ni amɛkɛ amɛwala wo oshãra mli koni amɛtsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛya wiemɔi ni mɛi pii wieɔ lɛ amli. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, yɛ afi 1530 mli lɛ, Englandnyo ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ William Tyndale, ni tee skul yɛ Oxford lɛ, tsɔɔ Pɛntatɔk (ni ji Hebri Ŋmalɛ lɛ mli klɛŋklɛŋ woji enumɔ) lɛ shishi. Eyɛ mli akɛ ate shi awo lɛ waa moŋ, shi lɛ ji mɔ klɛŋklɛŋ ni tsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛjɛ Hebri mli tɛ̃ɛ kɛba Blɔfo mli. Agbɛnɛ hu, Tyndale ji mɛi ni tsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛba Blɔfo mli lɛ ateŋ mɔ klɛŋklɛŋ ni kɛ gbɛ́i Yehowa lɛ tsu nii. Casiodoro de Reina, ni eji Biblia he nilelɔ ni jɛ Spain lɛ, ji mɛi ni tsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛtee Spanish mli klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa lɛ ateŋ mɔ kome. Ni be ni efeɔ nakai lɛ, ewala yaje oshãra mli waa, ejaakɛ Katolikbii komɛi ka shii abɔ akɛ amɛbaagbe lɛ. Efã gbɛ kɛtee England, Germany, France, Holland, kɛ Switzerland, bɔ ni afee ni enyɛ egbe Biblia lɛ ni etsɔɔ shishi lɛ naa. *

Ŋmɛnɛ lɛ, aaya nɔ aatsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛmiiya wiemɔi pii amli lolo, ni aaprinti akpekpei abɔ. Bɔ ni enyɛ ehi shi aahu kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ, ni ebatsɔ wolo ni ehe shi fe fɛɛ lɛ hãa wɔnaa akɛ, nɔ ni akɛ mumɔ tsirɛ bɔfo Petro ni ewie lɛ ji anɔkwale. Ewie akɛ: “Jwɛi fɔ gbiɔ, ni fɔfɔi kpalaa, shi Yehowa wiemɔ lɛ hiɔ shi kɛyaa naanɔ.”​—1 Petro 1:24, 25.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmaa]

[Akrabatsa/Mfonirii]

MƐƐ BIBLIA SHISHITSƆƆMƆ ESA AKƐ MIKANE?

Wiemɔi pii yɛ Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔi babaoo. Shishitsɔɔmɔi komɛi kɛ blema wiemɔi ni shishinumɔ wa etsu nii. Shishitsɔɔmɔi krokomɛi hu ewie Biblia mli saji lɛ nɔŋŋ ahe yɛ gbɛ kroko nɔ, koni ekanemɔ akawa, moŋ fe ni amɛbaatsɔɔ shishi jogbaŋŋ. Ni ekomɛi hu lɛ, atsɔɔ shishi tamɔ bɔ ni ato wiemɔi lɛ anaa yɛ blema Bibliai lɛ amli lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Yehowa Odasefoi ji mɛi ni fee Ŋmalɛ Krɔŋkrɔŋ Lɛ​—Jeŋ Hee Shishitsɔɔmɔ, Blɔfo nɔ lɛ, ni ajinafoi akuu ko ni etsɔɔɔ mɛi ni emli bii lɛ ji lɛ, ji mɛi ni tsɔɔ shishi tɛ̃ɛ kɛjɛ Hebri, Aramaik, kɛ Greek wiemɔi ni akɛŋma Biblia lɛ mli. Akwɛ Blɔfo nɔ nɛɛ nɔ titri ni atsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛtee wiemɔi pii amli. Shi mɛi ni tsɔɔ shishi kɛtee wiemɔi nɛɛ amli lɛ kwɛ Hebri, Aramaik, kɛ Greek nɔ lɛ hu mli waa. Jeŋ Hee Shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ tsɔɔ blema wiemɔi lɛ ashishi ŋmiiŋmi, kɛ́ nakai feemɔ hãŋ shishinumɔ ni yɔɔ sɛɛ lɛ alaaje. Shishitsɔɔlɔi nɛɛ bɔɔ mɔdɛŋ ni amɛtsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi koni mɛi ni kaneɔ ŋmɛnɛ lɛ anu shishi tamɔ bɔ ni mɛi ni kane be ni aŋma klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa lɛ nu shishi lɛ nɔŋŋ.

Wiemɔ he nilelɔi komɛi epɛi ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beiaŋ Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔi komɛi amli, ní Jeŋ Hee Shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ hu fata he, koni amɛkwɛ akɛ atsɔɔ shishi yɛ gbɛ ni ejaaa nɔ, loo mɛi lɛ kɛ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛsusumɔi ewo mli lo. Amɛteŋ mɔ kome ji Jason David BeDuhn, ni eji tsɔɔlɔ kpanaa yɛ Northern Arizona University, ni yɔɔ United States lɛ. Ekase “Blɔfo Bibliai ni akɛtsuɔ nii waa” lɛ ateŋ nɛɛhu ahe nii, ni yɛ afi 2003 mli lɛ, eŋma wolo ko ni hiɛ baafai 200 yɛ nɔ ni ena lɛ he. * Epɛi Ŋmalɛi ni mɛi baanyɛ ataa naa yɛ he lɛ amli, ejaakɛ no mɛi ji ŋmalɛi ni “ewaaa akɛ mɛi kɛ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛsusumɔi baatsɔɔ shishi.” Ekwɛɔ bɔ ni ŋmalɛi nɛɛ ateŋ eko fɛɛ eko yɔɔ yɛ Greek mli, ni ekɛtoɔ bɔ ni atsɔɔ shishi ahã yɛ Blɔfo mli lɛ he, ni ekwɛɔ akɛ aleenɔ, mɛi lɛ eka akɛ amɛkɛ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛsusumɔ baatsɔɔ shishi lo. Mɛni ena?

BeDuhn tsɔɔ mli akɛ, Biblia he nilelɔi pii kɛ mɛi krokomɛi susuɔ akɛ mɛi ni tsɔɔ Jeŋ Hee Shishitsɔɔmɔ (NW) lɛ shishi lɛ ahemɔkɛyeli hewɔ esoro bɔ ni amɛtsɔɔ ŋmalɛi komɛi ashishi lɛ. Shi ewie akɛ: “Nɔ hewɔ ni amɛtsɔɔ ŋmalɛi nɛɛ ateŋ babaoo shishi nakai lɛ ji akɛ, amɛmiisumɔ ni amɛtsɔɔ shishi ŋmiiŋmi, ni amɛsumɔɔɔ ni amɛkɛ nɔ ko fataa he hu.” Eyɛ mli akɛ BeDuhn kɛ bɔ ni atsɔɔ nibii komɛi ashishi yɛ Jeŋ Hee Shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli lɛ kpãaa gbee moŋ, shi ekɛɛ “kɛ́ ekɛ no to shishitsɔɔmɔi krokomɛi lɛ ahe lɛ, no ji nɔ ni ja fe fɛɛ.” Ekɛɛ eji shishitsɔɔmɔ ni “hi jogbaŋŋ diɛŋtsɛ.”

Woloŋlelɔ ko ni yɔɔ Israel ni eji Hebrinyo, ni atsɛɔ lɛ Dr. Benjamin Kedar lɛ wie nɔ ko ni tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ yɛ Jeŋ Hee Shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ he. Yɛ afi 1989 mli lɛ, ewie akɛ: “Shishitsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ hãa anaa faŋŋ akɛ, mɛi ni tsɔɔ shishi lɛ bɔ mɔdɛŋ fɛɛ ni amɛbaanyɛ koni amɛtsɔɔ shishi jogbaŋŋ. . . . Minako nɔ ko nɔ ko yɛ Jeŋ Hee Shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli ni tsɔɔ akɛ eshishitsɔɔlɔi lɛ bɔ mɔdɛŋ akɛ amɛkɛ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛsusumɔi baawo mli.”

Bi ohe akɛ: ‘Mɛɛ oti hewɔ mikaneɔ Biblia lɛ? Ani miisumɔ ni makane Biblia ko ni shishinumɔ waaa, shi ejaaa tsɔ? Aloo miisumɔ ni makane nɔ ni manu shishi tamɔ bɔ ni mɛi ni kane be ni aŋma klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa lɛ nu shishi lɛ nɔŋŋ?’ (2 Petro 1:20, 21) Oti ni okɛma ohiɛ lɛ ni baatsɔɔ Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔ ni obaahala.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmaa]

[Mfoniri]

Ayɛ “Ŋmalɛ Krɔŋkrɔŋ Lɛ​—Jeŋ Hee Shishitsɔɔmɔ” lɛ yɛ wiemɔi babaoo amli

[Mfoniri]

Masoretebii awolokpoi

[Mfoniri]

Wolokpo ni etserɛ, ni Luka 12:7 lɛ yɛ nɔ, “. . . nyɛkashea gbeyei; nyɛjara wa fe afilimatai babaoo”

[Hei ni Mfonirii lɛ Jɛ]

Hiɛgbɛ baafa: National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg; baafa ni ji enyɔ kɛ etɛ nɔ: Bibelmuseum, Münster; sɛɛgbɛ: © The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin