Ese ni ngombwa ko wiga igiheburayo n’ikigiriki?

BIBILIYA hafi ya yose yabanje kwandikwa mu ndimi ebyiri, ari zo Igiheburayo n’Ikigiriki. * Abayanditse muri izo ndimi bari bayobowe n’umwuka wera w’Imana (2 Samweli 23:2). Ku bw’ibyo, birakwiriye kuvuga ko ubutumwa banditse “bwahumetswe n’Imana.”—2 Timoteyo 3:16, 17.

Icyakora, abenshi mu bantu basoma Bibiliya muri iki gihe ntibazi Igiheburayo n’Ikigiriki. Ahubwo bifashisha Bibiliya ihinduye mu rurimi rwabo, kandi birashoboka ko nawe ari ko ubigenza. Kubera ko abahinduye izo Bibiliya batahumekewe n’Imana, ushobora kuba waribajije uti “ese nshobora gusobanukirwa neza ubutumwa bukubiye mu Byanditswe nkoresheje Bibiliya ihinduye mu rundi rurimi, cyangwa nagombye kwiga Igiheburayo n’Ikigiriki?”

Ibyo ugomba kuzirikana

Hari ibintu binyuranye ugomba kuzirikana mbere yo gusubiza icyo kibazo. Icya mbere ni uko kumenya Igiheburayo cyangwa Ikigiriki cya kera ubwabyo, atari byo bituma umuntu asobanukirwa ubutumwa bwo muri Bibiliya. Yesu yabwiye Abayahudi bo mu gihe cye ati “mushakashaka mu Byanditswe kuko mutekereza ko ari byo bizabahesha ubuzima bw’iteka; kandi ibyo Byanditswe ni byo bimpamya. Nyamara ntimushaka kuza aho ndi ngo mubone ubuzima” (Yohana 5:39, 40). Ni iyihe ngorane bari bafite? Ese ni uko batari bazi Igiheburayo? Iyo si yo mpamvu kubera ko bari bakizi neza. Ahubwo Yesu yongeyeho ati “nzi neza ko mudakunda Imana mu mitima yanyu.”—Yohana 5:42.

Intumwa Pawulo na we yabwiye Abakristo bavugaga ururimi rw’Ikigiriki bo mu mugi wa kera wa Korinto, ati “Abayahudi basaba ibimenyetso naho Abagiriki bagashaka ubwenge; ariko twe tubwiriza Kristo wamanitswe, ku Bayahudi bikababera igisitaza, naho abanyamahanga bakabona ko ari ubupfu” (1 Abakorinto 1:22, 23). Ku bw’ibyo, biragaragara neza ko icyo gihe kuba umuntu avuga Igiheburayo cyangwa Ikigiriki ubwabyo, atari byo byari bikenewe kugira ngo yemere ubutumwa buri mu Ijambo ry’Imana.

Icya kabiri ni uko nubwo muri iki gihe hari abantu bavuga Igiheburayo n’Ikigiriki, izo ndimi bavuga zitandukanye cyane n’Igiheburayo n’Ikigiriki byakoreshejwe mu kwandika Bibiliya. Abantu benshi bavuga Ikigiriki muri iki gihe, kumva neza Ikigiriki cyo muri Bibiliya  birabagora. Ibyo biterwa nuko hari amagambo mashya yiyongereye muri urwo rurimi yasimbuye ayakoreshwaga kera. Nanone amagambo menshi agikoreshwa, afite ibindi bisobanuro. Urugero, ijambo ryahinduwemo “mwiza cyane” mu Byakozwe 7:20 no mu Baheburayo 11:23, risobanura “ushekeje” mu Kigiriki cy’iki gihe. Usibye n’ibyo kandi, muri urwo rurimi hari ibintu byinshi byahindutse mu kibonezamvugo n’imiterere y’interuro.

Ubwo rero, nubwo wakwiga Igiheburayo n’Ikigiriki byo muri iki gihe, ntibisobanura ko byanze bikunze wasobanukirwa Bibiliya neza, ari uko uyisomye mu ndimi yabanje kwandikwamo. Ni hahandi wakenera kwifashisha inkoranyamagambo n’ibitabo by’ikibonezamvugo, kugira ngo bikwereke uko izo ndimi zakoreshwaga igihe ibitabo bya Bibiliya byandikwaga.

Icya gatatu ni uko kwiga urundi rurimi bishobora kugorana cyane. Nubwo bishobora kukorohera kumenya interuro zimwe na zimwe ugitangira kurwiga, byagutwara imyaka myinshi, kandi nabwo wiga nta kudohoka, kugira ngo ushobore kumenya ibisobanuro byose by’amagambo y’urwo rurimi. Hagati aho, ushobora kwibonera ko ubumenyi buke bushobora kuyobya umuntu. Mu buhe buryo?

Iri jambo risobanura iki?

Ese haba hari umuntu wigaga ururimi uvuga, wigeze kukubaza icyo ijambo runaka risobanura? Niba byarakubayeho, uzi ko bitoroshye guhita umuha igisubizo. Kubera iki? Kubera ko ijambo rishobora kugira ibisobanuro bitandukanye. Ushobora kuba warasabye uwo muntu kuguha interuro iryo jambo ryakoreshejwemo. Uramutse utazi aho iryo jambo ryakoreshejwe, kumenya ibisobanuro nyabyo uri bumuhe bishobora kukugora. Urugero, umuntu ashobora kukubaza icyo inshinga “gutera” isobanura. Iyo nshinga ishobora gusobanura ibintu bitandukanye bitewe n’ahantu hatandukanye yakoreshejwe. Ishobora gusobanura gufata ikintu ukakijugunya ukiboneje ku muntu, gutimbya k’umutima cyangwa gushyira ikintu mu butaka kugira ngo kizamere. Hari n’aho iyo nshinga ishobora gusobanura igikorwa cyo gushyira umusemburo mu nzoga y’amarwa, cyangwa guta amagi kw’inkoko. Iyo iyo nshinga ikoreshejwe ku baririmbyi, ishobora no gusobanura kuririmba ugatanga ijwi abandi bagomba gukurikiza. Naho iyo ikoreshejwe mu mvugo ngo “gutera kabiri,” ihita igira ibisobanuro bihabanye cyane n’ibyo. Iyo mvugo iba ishaka kuvuga ngo ‘kumara igihe kirekire’ mu rugero runaka. None se ubwo muri ibyo bisobanuro byose, ikiri cyo ni ikihe?

Inkoranyamagambo ishobora kuguha ibisobanuro byose ijambo rishobora kugira. Hari n’inkoranyamagambo zishobora kuguha ibisobanuro zikurikije uko ubusanzwe iryo jambo rikoreshwa. Ariko kandi, aho ijambo ryakoreshejwe ni ho hazatuma ushobora kumenya ibisobanura nyabyo by’ijambo. Reka dufate urugero: tuvuge ko nta bintu byinshi uzi ku bihereranye n’ubuvuzi, kandi ukaba ushaka kumenya indwara ihuje n’ibimenyetso ufite. Ushobora gukora ubushakashatsi wifashishije inkoranyamagambo ivuga iby’ubuvuzi. Iyo nkoranyamagambo ishobora kukwereka ko 90 ku ijana by’abantu bafite ibyo bimenyetso baba barwaye indwara iyi n’iyi, ariko ko 10 ku ijana by’abantu bafite ibyo bimenyetso, baba barwaye indi ndwara inyuranye cyane n’iyo. Icyo gihe biba ngombwa ko ugira ibindi bintu umenya mbere y’uko utahura neza indwara urwaye. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, nubwo ijambo ryagira ibisobanuro bimwe ahantu hagera kuri 90 ku ijana, nta cyo byakumarira mu gihe urimo usoma umwandiko w’ingenzi, maze ugahura n’iryo jambo rifite ibindi bisobanuro. Icyo gihe uba ukeneye kumenya byinshi ku bihereranye n’aho iryo jambo ryakoreshejwe kugira ngo umenye icyo risobanura.

Uko ni na ko bigenda iyo ushaka gusobanukirwa amagambo yo muri Bibiliya. Ni ngombwa ko ubanza kumenya aho yakoreshejwe. Urugero, amagambo y’umwimerere akunze guhindurwamo “umwuka,” ashobora kugira ibisobanuro binyuranye, bitewe n’aho yakoreshejwe. Hari igihe ashobora guhindurwamo “umuyaga” (Kuva 10:13; Yohana 3:8). Hari ahandi hantu ayo magambo yerekeza ku mbaraga y’ubuzima iba mu byaremwe byose bifite ubuzima, yaba abantu cyangwa inyamaswa (Itangiriro  7:22; Zaburi 104:29; Yakobo 2:26). Ibiremwa byo mu ijuru bitagaragara na byo byitwa imyuka (1 Abami 22:21, 22; Matayo 8:16). Imbaraga Imana ikoresha zitwa umwuka wera (Itangiriro 1:2; Matayo 12:28). Iryo jambo nanone rikoreshwa iyo herekanwa imbaraga zitera umuntu kugaragaza ibitekerezo, imyifatire cyangwa ibyiyumvo runaka. Rishobora nanone gusobanura imitekerereze yiganje mu bantu bari mu itsinda runaka.—Luka 1:17; Abagalatiya 6:18.

Nubwo inkoranyamagambo y’Igiheburayo cyangwa iy’Ikigiriki yaguha ibyo bisobanuro byose binyuranye, ahantu ijambo ryakoreshejwe ni ho hazagufasha kumenya neza igisobanuro cyaryo gikwiriye. * Ibyo ni ko bimeze, waba usoma Bibiliya mu ndimi z’umwimerere, cyangwa ukoresha ihinduye mu rurimi rwawe.

Ese gukoresha Bibiliya ihinduye mu rundi rurimi ni bibi?

Hari abantu bakoze uko bashoboye kugira ngo bige Igiheburayo cyangwa Ikigiriki byakoreshejwe bandika Bibiliya, cyangwa se bakiga izo ndimi zombi. Nubwo bazi ko hari ibyo badashobora gusobanukirwa, bashimishwa no kuba bashobora gusoma Bibiliya mu ndimi z’umwimerere, bityo bakaba bumva nta cyo bicuza. Ariko se niba udashobora kubigenza utyo, wagombye gucika intege, maze ukareka gukomeza gushakisha ukuri ko muri Bibiliya? Oya rwose! Hari impamvu zitandukanye zituma dufata uwo mwanzuro.

Mbere na mbere, gukoresha Bibiliya ihinduye mu rundi rurimi, nta kibi kirimo. Abanditsi b’Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo, ari byo bikunze kwitwa Isezerano Rishya, bagiye bakoresha ubuhinduzi bw’Ikigiriki iyo babaga bavuga ibiri mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo * (Zaburi 40:7; Abaheburayo 10:5, 6). Nubwo bavugaga  Igiheburayo, bityo bakaba barashoboraga guhita bavuga ibiri mu mwandiko w’Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo, icyaboroheraga ni ugukoresha amagambo ahinduye yo muri iyo mirongo abo bandikiraga bashoboraga kubona bitabagoye.—Itangiriro 12:3; Abagalatiya 3:8.

Icya kabiri ni uko n’iyo umuntu yaba yumva indimi Bibiliya yanditswemo, amagambo asoma yavuzwe na Yesu, aba yarahinduwe. Ibyo biterwa n’uko ibyo Yesu yavuze yabivuze mu Giheburayo, ariko abanditsi b’Amavanjiri bakabyandika mu Kigiriki. * Uwo ari we wese wumva ko kuba umuntu ashobora gusoma ibyo abagaragu ba Yehova bizerwa ba kera bavuze mu ndimi z’umwimerere bimuha ubwenge bwihariye, yagombye kubanza kubitekerezaho yitonze. Kuba Yehova yaremeye ko ibyo Umugaragu we ukomeye kurusha abandi yavuze byandikwa bihinduye mu rurimi abantu benshi bo muri icyo gihe bari bazi, bigaragaza ko ururimi dukoresha dusoma Bibiliya atari rwo rw’ingenzi. Icy’ingenzi ni uko dusoma ubutumwa bwahumetswe, tukabusoma mu rurimi dushobora kumva.

Icya gatatu ni uko “ubutumwa bwiza” buri muri Bibiliya, bwagombaga kubwirizwa abantu boroheje bo “mu mahanga yose n’imiryango yose n’indimi zose n’amoko yose” (Ibyahishuwe 14:6; Luka 10:21; 1 Abakorinto 1:27-29). Ubwo rero, abantu benshi bo muri iki gihe, bashobora kumenya umugambi w’Imana ari uko basomye Bibiliya mu rurimi rwabo bitabaye ngombwa ko biga urundi rurimi. Mu ndimi nyinshi, abantu bashobora kubona Bibiliya zihinduye mu buryo butandukanye, bityo umusomyi akaba yakwihitiramo iyo asoma. *

None se ubwo wakora iki kugira ngo usobanukirwe ukuri ko muri Bibiliya? Abahamya ba Yehova babonye ko kwiga Bibiliya bakoresheje uburyo bwo kuganira ku ngingo runaka, kandi bagasuzuma imirongo y’Ibyanditswe ifitanye isano n’iyo ngingo, ari uburyo bwiza umuntu yakwifashisha kugira ngo asobanukirwe ubutumwa buri mu ijambo ry’Imana. Urugero, bafata ingingo runaka, urugero nk’“Ishyingiranwa,” maze bakareba imirongo ya Bibiliya ifitanye isano n’iyo ngingo. Mu kubigenza batyo, barareka umurongo runaka w’Ibyanditswe wo muri Bibiliya ugasobanura icyo undi murongo wo mu Byanditswe ushatse kuvuga. Turagutera inkunga yo gusaba Abahamya ba Yehova kukuyoborera icyigisho cya Bibiliya ku buntu nk’uko babikorera abandi. Uko ururimi uvuga rwaba ruri kose, icyo Imana ishaka ni uko “abantu b’ingeri zose bakizwa bakagira ubumenyi nyakuri ku byerekeye ukuri.”—1 Timoteyo 2:4; Ibyahishuwe 7:9.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 22]

Ubuhinduzi bwa Septante

Abayahudi bavugaga Ikigiriki bo mu gihe cya Yesu n’intumwa ze bakoresheje cyane ubuhinduzi bw’Ikigiriki bwa Septante. Ubwo bwari ubuhinduzi bw’Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo mu rurimi rw’Ikigiriki. Septante ntiyihariye gusa kubera ko abahinduzi bayo ari bo ba mbere babanje guhindura Ibyanditswe Byera mu rundi rurimi, ahubwo nanone iratangaje bitewe n’uko mu gihe yahindurwaga hakozwe akazi gakomeye. Itsinda ry’abahinduzi ryatangiye guhindura Septante mu kinyejana cya gatatu Mbere ya Yesu, maze abandi bahinduzi bakomerezaho, barangiza kuyihindura nyuma y’imyaka irenga ijana.

Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bitabiriye gukoresha ubuhinduzi bwa Septante kugira ngo bagaragaze ko Yesu ari we Kristo, ni ukuvuga Mesiya wasezeranyijwe. Ibyo byagize akamaro, ku buryo abantu bamwe batangiye kwamagana ubuhinduzi bwa Septante, bavuga ko ari ubw’Abakristo. Ibyo byatumye Abayahudi badakomeza kubukunda, kandi bituma abandi bantu batandukanye bongera guhindura Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo mu rurimi rw’Ikigiriki. Umwe muri bo ni uwitwa Aquila wo mu kinyejana cya kabiri wari warahindukiriye idini ry’Abayahudi. Hari intiti mu bya Bibiliya yavuze ko hari “ikintu kitari cyitezwe” kiboneka mu buhinduzi bwe. Ubwo buhinduzi bw’Ikigiriki bwa Aquila, bubonekamo inyuguti za kera z’Igiheburayo zigaragaza izina ry’Imana, ari ryo Yehova.

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

Israel Antiquities Authority

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 23]

Ni iby’ingenzi ko dusoma ubutumwa bwa Bibiliya bwahumetswe mu rurimi dushobora kumva