Ino Zilenge Zituyiisya Nzi?

“Kobuzya banyama, eelyo balakuyiisya; abayuni bauluka mujulu, eelyo balakwaambila. Naa kobikkila maano kunyika, eelyo ilakuyiisya; answi zyamulwizi zilakupandulwida.”​—JOBU 12:​7, 8.

MYAKA MISYOONTO yainda, basayaansi alimwi abasyaabusongo bakatalika kwiiya zintu zimwi kuzisyango alimwi akuzinyama. Baluujisi kuvwuntauzya mpoonya akwiiya mbozipangidwe zilenge zisiyene-siyene kutegwa basole kupanga zintu zipya izikozyenye anzizyo, alimwi akubambulula mincini iiliko kale kutegwa kaibeleka kabotu. Ciindi nomulanga-langa zikozyanyo zitobela, amulibuzye kuti, ‘Ino mubwini nguni weelede kupegwa bulemu akaambo kambozipangidwe zilenge eezyi?’

Kwiiya Ziyambyo zya Zenimutende

Ncinzi ncobakonzya kwiiya kuziyambyo zyazenimutende aabo bapanga ndeke? Balakonzya kwiiya zintu zinji kapati. Zenimutende imupati ulalema mataani aabalilwa ku 30, mbubwenya mbuli tilaki lizwide zintu mukati. Alimwi ujisi mubili muyumu uutanyonauki walo uujisi ziyambyo zipati izili mbuli mababa. Muswi ooyu uulampa mamita aali 12 ulakonzya kweenda cakufwambaana mumaanzi. Mucikozyanyo, ciindi nayanda kujata cintu cimwi kuti alye mbuli nkala naa nswi, ulakonzya kuyamba kazinguluka kunsi aacintu eeco, mpoonya kumwi kafwulida mumaanzi akupanga ncovwu. Kumane ncovwu eeli liba mbuli kanyandi akumwaika busena bulampa mita yomwe acisela ikupa kuti zilenge nzyayanda kulya ziboole atala. Mpoonya muswi ooyu, ulacijata cakufwambaana cintu eeco akucilya.

Pele icakabagambya kapati basikuvwuntauzya nkubona muswi ooyu uujisi mubili muyumu uutanyonauki mbwacikonzya kuzinguluka abusena busyoonto kapati. Pele bakajana kuti mbozipangidwe ziyambyo zyamuswi ooyu ncecipa kuti kacikonzya kucita boobu. Ziyambyo zyamuswi ooyu mozili mumabali-bali zijisi ziguguunya iziitwa kuti tubercles, mukwiimpana abbaba lyandeke.

Ciindi zenimutende nasweemuka mumaanzi, ziguguunya eezyi zipa kuti aube-ube akutanyikila mumaanzi. Munzila nzi? Magazini iitegwa Natural History yakapandulula kuti ziguguunya eezyi zipa kuti maanzi kaaselemuka cakufwambaana atala aciyambyo akweenda, noliba leelyo muswi ooyu nanyamuka mujulu akubbenda asyoonto. Ikuti ciyambyo camuswi ooyu nocatalijisi ziguguunya mumabali, muswi ooyu naatali kucikonzya kubbenda ciindi nanyamuka mujulu nkaambo maanzi naalikumutonka canguzu kumwi kaazinguluka kuziyambyo zyakwe akumupa kwaalilwa kunyamuka.

Ino kuzyiba zintu eezyi inga kwagwasya buti? Mababa aandeke aayo aanoopangwa kweelana ambozipangidwe ziyambyo zyazenimutende, taanooyandiki kuvwukaula ziindi zinji naa tuntu tumwi itunoopa kuti ndeke itanoozundwi amuwo. Mababa aali boobu inga kaatanooleti ntenda alimwi inga kaatanookatazyi kubambulula. Syaazibwene mumakani aakwiiya mbozipangidwe ambozibeleka zilenge zipona (Biomechanics) uutegwa John Long wakaamba kuti ino-ino, “tulalangilwa kutalika kubona ndeke zyoonse kazijisi mababa aajisi ziguguunya mbuli ziyambyo zyazenimutende.”

Kwiiya Mababa Aakayuni Kategwa Seagull

Tulizyi kale kuti mababa aandeke akapangwa kusola kwiiya mababa aabayuni. Pele caino-ino, basyaazibwene bakajana nzila zipya zyakwiiya mababa aabayuni. Magazini iitegwa New Scientist yakaamba kuti: “Basikuvwuntauzya baku University of Florida bakapanga ndeke mpya yuuluka kakunyina muntu uuyeenzya mukati, iikonzya kwiima abusena bomwe kaili mujulu, kudaiva alimwi akuuluka cakufwambaana mbubwenya mbokacita kayuni kategwa seagull.”

Tuyuni ootu tulauluka munzila iigambya nkaambo tulakonzya kwaanyonauna mababa aantuto mutukokola alimwi amumakkuko. Magazini yakaamba kuti, ikusola kwiiya mbwaapangidwe mababa aakayuni aaka aakonzyeka kunyonauka, “kandeke kasika ku 61 sentimita kalijisi kanjini kakonzya kweendelezya tubulo twiindene-indene twalo itweenzya mababa.” Mababa aaya aapangidwe munzila iigambya kapati apa kuti kandeke kakacikonzya kwiima abusena bomwe kakali mujulu alimwi akudaiva akati kamaanda malamfwu. Mbunga yabasikalumamba baku United States iliyandide kupanga ndeke iili boobu kutegwa kaibelesyegwa kuunka mumasena aayindene-indene kuyandaula misamu naa zilwanyo zibelesya tuzunda mumadolopo mapati.

Kwiiya Maulu Aasyaantombela Uulibonya Mbuli Syaazibumbu

Alimwi bantu balakonzya kwiiya zintu zinji kapati kuzilenge zyaanyika. Mucikozyanyo, kasyaantombela ikalibonya mbuli syaazibumbu kalakonzya kunkwela abwaanda alimwi akunamatila kuciluli kumwi kakasaleme. Nomuba mumazuba akaindi, cilenge eeci cakalizyibidwe kucita zintu eezyi zigambya. (Tusimpi 30:28) Ino ncinzi cipa kuti syaantombela ooyu kacikonzya kunamatila kuzintu kakunyina kuloka?

Syaantombela ooyu ulacikonzya kunamatila kuzintu noziba zeezyo izitajisi ziguguunya mbuli gilazi akaambo katuntu tusyoonto-syoonto ituli mbuli boya twajisi kunsi amaulu. Maulu aakwe taajisi gulu buya pe. Pele abelesya nguzu izizwa kutuntu tusyoonto kapati twiitwa kuti mamolekkyu (molecules). Aboobo tuntu ootu tupa kuti maulu aakwe aswaangana acintu cimwi tugwisye nguzu zimwi zyaalubazu zyalo izipa kuti anamatile. Pele kanji-kanji, nguzu eezyi zilazundwa kunguzu zikwelelaansi, nkakaambo kaako muntu takonzyi kukkwela bwaanda kwiinda mukubikka buyo janza abwaanda oobo. Nokuba boobo, tuntu ootu tusyoonto-syoonto itujanika kumaulu aasyaantombela tupa kuti nguzu zivwule kapati ciindi twaguma abwaanda. Nguzu eezyi zyaalubazu izivwula akaambo kakuvwula kwatuntu ootu tuli mbuli boya itujanika kumaulu aasyaantombela, zinji kapati kwiinda kulema kwasyaantombela calo cipa kuti acikonzye kunamatila kakunyina kuloka.

Ino kuzyiba zintu eezyi inga kwagwasya buti? Zintu zinamatila izipangwa kwiinda mukwiiya maulu aasyaantombela zilakonzya kubelesyegwa muciindi cakubelesya nzila iitegwa Velcro, ayalo iyakatalisyigwa kwiinda mukwiiya zilenge. * Magazini iitegwa The Economist yakaamba zyasikuvwuntauzya umwi walo iwakaamba kuti zintu izipangwa “asilotepu uunamatila mbuli syaantombela” zilakonzya kugwasya kapati “mubusilisi ciindi nobatakonzyi kubelesya misamu imwi kuswaanganya zintu.”

Ino Nguni Weelede Kupegwa Bulemu?

Bambunga iipanga zintu zyuunka kumwezi iitegwa NASA baluujisi kupanga cilobboti cijisi maulu aali 8 calo iceenda mbuli kabanze. Mpoonya basyaazibwene baku Finland bakapanga kale tilakita lijisi maulu aali 6 likonzya kukkwela azintu mbuli mbozicita zyuuka zipati. Basikuvwuntauzya bamwi bakapanga mulembo wacisani uujisi tuntu tuniini-niini ituli mbuli makwa, twalo tulibonya mbuli micelo yacisamu citegwa Pine mboijuka akujala. Kkampani imwi iipanga myoota iluujisi kupanga moota uulibonya mbuli nswi imwi iilibonya mbuli kuti ncibbokesi iitegwa boxfish. Alimwi basikuvwuntauzya bamwi basola kumvwisya zipapa zyamusyobo umwi wankumba zyalo izikwabilila nkumba eezyo kumabbaampu. Bayanda kumvwisya mbozipangidwe kutegwa bakapange cilikwabilizyo cakucamba icitalemi, pele kacili ciyumu.

Kuli zintu zinji kapati nzyobaiya basikuvwuntauzya kuzwa kuzilenge zyalo nzyobakayoobola kale muciyobwedo cabo kutegwa basole kupanga zintu zikozyenye azilenge eezyo. Magazini iitegwa The Economist yakaamba kuti basayaansi balakonzya kuvwuntauzya muciyobwedo cabo eeci kutegwa bajane “nzila zikonzya kubagwasya kupanga zintu zikatazya kapati kwiinda mukwiiya zilenge.” Buvwuntauzi oobu ibujatikizya zilenge mbobakabikka muciyobwedo cabo babwiita kuti “busongo ibuzwa kuzilenge (inventions of nature).” Kanji-kanji, mukamwini busongo, muntu naa kkampani iyakatalisya muzeezo mupya naa muncini mupya akuulembya kweelana amulawo. Kaipandulula kujatikizya ciyobwedo eeci icijisi busongo ibuzwa kuzilenge, magazini iitegwa The Economist yakaamba kuti: “Kwiinda mukwaamba buvwuntauzi oobu kuti ‘busongo ibuzwa kuzilenge,’ basikuvwuntauzya basola buyo kukankaizya kaambo kakuti zilenge nzezyakatalisya busongo oobu.

Pele ino zilenge zyakabujana kuli busongo oobu bugambya? Basikuvwuntauzya bamwi balakonzya kwaamba kuti zilenge eezyi zyakaba munzila eeyi iigambya akaambo kakuti zyalikusanduka-sanduka kwamyaka minji kapati. Pele basikuvwuntauzya bamwi bajisi muzeezo wiindene. Syaazibwene umwi mumakani aajatikizya zilenge uutegwa Michael Behe, wakalemba boobu munyuzipepa ya The New York Times mu 2005: “Kuvwula kwabusongo bugambya mbotubona [muzilenge] kutupa kumvwisya kaambyo kamwi kamu Cikuwa kakuti: kuti cintu kaciboneka, kaceenda akulila mbuli dada alimwi kakuli bumboni businizya oobo, nkokuti cintu eeco ndidada.” Ino Behe wakali kupandulula nzi? Wakaamba kuti: “Ikuti kakuli bumboni bulibonya caantangalala ibutondezya kuti cintu cimwi cipangidwe munzila iigambya, nkokuti kunyina kaambo keelede kutupa kukazya.”

Masimpe kuti, syaazibwene uupanga mababa aandeke aakwabilila alimwi aakuuluka kabotu weelede kupegwa bulemu akaambo kabusongo bwakwe. Mbubwenya buyo, muntu uupanga bbandeji iikonzya kubelesyegwa munzila zisiyene-siyene, mulembo wacisani mubotu kapati naa moota iyeenda kabotu kapati weelede kupegwa bulemu akaambo kazintu eezyo nzyakonzya kupanga. Alimwi buya, muntu uupanga zintu zyakukkopela kumuntu uumbi mpoonya akutamupa bulemu ooyo iwakazitalisya kuzipanga waambwa kuti ngukabwalala.

Basikuvwuntauzya bayiide kapati balakonzya kupanga zintu zikatazya kapati kwiinda mukwiiya zilenge, nokuba kuti zintu eezyo nzyobapanga inga tazyeelani azilenge eezyo nzyobaiya. Aboobo sena ncamaano kuti basikuvwuntauzya kabaamba kuti zilenge eezyo nzyobakkopela kupanga zintu zyakasanduka buya? Ikuti cintu cakukkopela ciyandika muntu musongo kutegwa acipange, ino mbuti kujatikizya cintu eeco cakasaanguna kupangwa? Ino mubwini nguni weelede kupegwa bulemu kapati, sena ngooyo iwakatalisya kupanga cintu cimwi naa ngooyo wiiya kupanga cintu eeco cakapangwa kale?

Kaambo Kalimvwisya Kapati

Bantu banji ibakabulanga-langa cakusitikila bumboni bujatikizya mbozipangidwe zilenge balaazumina majwi ngaakalemba sintembauzyo aakuti: “Eelo kaka minji kapati milimo yako, O Jehova! Yoonse buyo wakaicita cabusongo. Nyika izwide zintu nzyookalenga.” (Intembauzyo 104:24) Paulo imulembi wa Bbaibbele awalo wakaamba majwi aakozyenye. Wakalemba kuti: “Nkaambo bube bwa [Leza] butalibonyi bulalibonya caantangalala kuzwa ciindi naakalenga nyika kuyakumbele, nkaambo bulabonwa muzintu nzyalengede, noziba nguzu zyakwe zitamani akuti ngu Leza ncobeni.”​—Baroma 1:​19, 20.

Nokuba boobo, bunji bwabantu babombe myoyo ibalilemeka Bbaibbele alimwi akusyoma muli Leza balakonzya kwaamba kuti ambweni Leza wakabelesya nzila yakusanduka kutegwa alenge zintu zigambya nzyotubona munyika. Pele ino ncinzi ncoliyiisya Bbaibbele?

[Bupanduluzi Buyungizidwe]

[Majwi aakwelelezya sikubala]

Ino zilenge zyakabujana kuli busongo buli boobu?

[Majwi aakwelelezya sikubala]

Nguni mukamwini busongo buli muzilenge?

[Kabbokesi/Cifwanikiso]

Ikuti cintu cakukkopela ciyandika muntu musongo kutegwa acipange, ino mbuti kujatikizya cintu eeco cakasaanguna kupangwa?

Ndeke eeyi iikonzya kuuluka aali woonse yakapangwa ikusola kwiiya mababa aakayuni kamwi kategwa seagull

Maulu aasyaantombela uulibonya mbuli syaazibumbu taabiji dooti, taasiyi mukondo, alanamatila kucintu cili coonse ccita buyo kuzintu zyakapangwa munzila yaalubazu kapati, alimwi alakonzya kunamatila akunamatuka kakunyina buyumuyumu. Basikuvwuntauzya baluujisi kusola kwaayiya.

Mboipangidwe nswi iilibonya mbuli bbokesi iitegwa boxfish kwakapa bantu kupanga moota uulibonya mbuli njiyo

[Kulumba]

Airplane: Kristen Bartlett/​University of Florida; gecko foot: Breck P. Kent; box fish and car: Mercedes-Benz USA

[Kabbokesi/Cifwanikiso]

ZILENGE IZIZYIBA NZILA AKAAMBO KABUSONGO BWAKULENGWA AMBUBO

Bunji bwazilenge ‘zilijisi busongo bwakulengwa aambubo’ nkaambo zilacikonzya kuzyiba nzila njozyeelede kubelesya ciindi nozyeenda anyika. (Tusimpi 30:24, 25) Amubone zikozyanyo zyobilo.

◼ Tunyenyene Tuleenda Kabotu-Kabotu Cakutobelana Ino tunyenyene ituunka kukuyandaula zyakulya tucikonzya buti kujokela aawo mpotukkala? Basikuvwuntauzya baku United Kingdom bakajana kuti kunze aakusiya kanunko katunto oomo motwiinda, tunyenyene tumwi tulabikka zitondezyo mukanzila aako ikatusololela kubusena nkotukkala. Mucikozyanyo, magazini iitegwa New Scientist yakaamba kuti musyobo umwi watunyenyene tutegwa pharaoh “tulapanga nzila kutalikila waawo mpotukkala alimwi akupanga tunzila tumbi ituzwa munzila eeyo itutanteene amadigili aali 50 naa 60.” Ino ncinzi cigambya kujatikizya cintu eeci? Ciindi kanyenyene nokapiluka kubusena nkokakkala mpoonya kasika mpozyaandaanina nzila, inga kabelesya nzila iinyona buyo asyoonto yalo iikasisya aawo mpokakkala.” Cibalo cakazumanana kwaamba kuti: “Mbotupangidwe tunzila ootu cipa kuti tunyenyene katweenda kabotu, kwaambisya ciindi notweendela mutunzila tobilo alimwi akupa kuti tutamaninwi nguzu akaambo kakusweeka.”

◼ Bayuni Mbobazyiba Nzila Bayuni banji balacikonzya kuzyiba nzila iiluzi nokuba kuti bali kulamfwu kapati alimwi amuziindi zili zyoonse zyamwaka. Ino bacikonzya buti? Basikuvwuntauzya bakajana kuti bayuni balakonzya kuzimvwa nguzu zikwela izili munyika. Nokuba boobo, magazini iitegwa Science yakaamba kuti: “Tulaini itwiiminina nguzu zikwela izili munyika tulaindana-indana kweelana abusena alimwi talili lyoonse notutondeka kulubazu lwakunyika ncobeni.” Ino ncinzi cipa kuti bayuni ibalongela kubusena bumbi kabatasweeki? Kuboneka kuti bayuni balaicinca kkampaasi iili mubongo bwabo kweelana akwabbilila zuba mangolezya amwi aamwi. Mbwaanga zuba lilacinca mpolibbilila kweelana abusena alimwi aciindi camwaka, magazini iitegwa Science yakaamba kuti basikuvwuntauzya bayeeya kuti bayuni aaba kweelede kuti balakonzya kucinca kwiinda mukubelesya “nkoloko yamumutwe iibagwasya kuzyiba ciindi camwaka.”

Ino nguni wakayiisya tunyenyene kucizyiba kupanga tunzila? Ino nguni wakapa bayuni kkampaasi, nkoloko alimwi amaano akucikonzya kuzyiba mbozibeleka zintu eezyi? Sena nkusanduka kwazintu naa kuli Mulengi musongo?

[Kulumba]

© E.J.H. Robinson 2004