الانتقال الى المحتويات

جراحة القلب والصدر والأوعية الدموية

معالجة وتحسين وقف النزف

مضادات انحلال الفبرين

Can topical application of tranexamic acid reduce blood loss in thoracic surgery? A prospective randomised double blind investigation. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Dell'Amore A, Caroli G, Nizar A, Cassanelli N, Luciano G, Greco D, Dolci G, Bini A, Stella F.

Source‎: Heart Lung Circ 2012;21(11):706-10.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 22842057

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.06.016

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22842057 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Can local application of tranexamic acid reduce post-coronary bypass surgery blood loss? A randomized controlled trial. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Fawzy H, Elmistekawy E, Bonneau D, Latter D, Errett L.

Source‎: J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;4:25.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 19538741

DOI‎: 10.1186/1749-8090-4-25

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19538741 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Current status of pharmacologic therapies in patient blood management. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Goodnough LT, Shander A.

Source‎: Anesth Analg 2013;116(1):15-34.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 23223098

DOI‎: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318273f4ae

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23223098 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Putting the record straight on aprotinin as safe and effective: results from a mixed treatment meta-analysis of trials of aprotinin. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Howell N, Senanayake E, Freemantle N, Pagano D.

Source‎: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;145(1):234-40.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 22889481

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.07.018

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22889481 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

The risk-benefit profile of aprotinin versus tranexamic acid in cardiac surgery. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Karkouti K, Wijeysundera DN, Yau TM, McCluskey SA, Tait G, Beattie WS.

Source‎: Anesth Analg 2010;110(1):21-9.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 19910626

DOI‎: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181c0ea6d

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19910626 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Comparative evaluation of the effects of tranexamic acid and low-dose aprotinin on post-valvular heart surgery bleeding and allogenic transfusion. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Mansouri M, Attary M, Bagheri K, Massoumi G, Ghavami B.

Source‎: Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2012;15(1):23-7.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 22514257

DOI‎: 10.1093/icvts/ivs114

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22514257 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

A randomized trial of tranexamic acid in combination with cell salvage plus a meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluating tranexamic acid in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Murphy GJ, Mango E, Lucchetti V, Battaglia F, Catapano D, Rogers CA, Angelini GD.

Source‎: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;132(3):475-80, 480.e1-8.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 16935098

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.01.064

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16935098 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Tranexamic acid in patients undergoing coronary-artery surgery. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Myles PS, Smith JA, Forbes A, Silbert B, Jayarajah M, Painter T, Cooper DJ, Marasco S, McNeil J, Bussières JS, McGuinness S, Byrne K, Chan MT, Landoni G, Wallace S, ATACAS Investigators of the ANZCA Clinical Trials Network

Source‎: N Engl J Med 2017;376(2):136-48.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 27774838

DOI‎: 10.1056/NEJMoa1606424

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27774838 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Aprotinin for patients exposed to clopidogrel before off-pump coronary bypass. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Nurözler F, Kutlu T, Küçük G.

Source‎: Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2008;16(6):483-7.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 18984759

DOI‎: 10.1177/021849230801600611

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18984759 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Protective effects of tranexamic acid on clopidogrel before coronary artery bypass grafting: a multicenter randomized trial. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Shi J, Ji H, Ren F, Wang G, Xu M, Xue Y, Chen M, Qi J, Li L.

Source‎: JAMA Surg 2013;148(6):538-47.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 23426385

DOI‎: 10.1001/jamasurg.2013.1560

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23426385 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss after off-pump coronary surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Wang G, Xie G, Jiang T, Wang Y, Wang W, Ji H, Liu M, Chen L, Li L.

Source‎: Anesth Analg 2012;115(2):239-43.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 21737704

DOI‎: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182264a11

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21737704 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Effects of aprotinin on short-term and long-term outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Wang X, Zheng Z, Ao H, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhang H, Hu S.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2010;89(5):1489-95.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 20417766

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.02.006

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20417766 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Low postoperative dose of aprotinin reduces bleeding and is safe in patients receiving clopidogrel before coronary artery bypass surgery. A prospective randomized study. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Øvrum E, Tangen G, Tølløfsrud S, Ringdal MA, Øystese R, Istad R.

Source‎: Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010;10(4):545-8.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 20067988

DOI‎: 10.1510/icvts.2009.226613

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20067988 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

العامل السابع المفعَّل المأشوب أ (rFVIIa)

Recombinant activated factor VII in cardiac surgery: experience from the Australian and New Zealand Haemostasis Registry. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Dunkley S, Phillips L, McCall P, Brereton J, Lindeman R, Jankelowitz G, Cameron P.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2008;85(3):836-44.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 18291152

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.06.076

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18291152 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Repeat cardiac surgery in a Jehovah's Witness patient with thrombocytopenia. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Elmistekawy E, Lapierre H, Bourke M, Dennie C, Labinaz M, Ruel M.

Source‎: Can J Cardiol 2011;27(6):869.e7-8.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 21983113

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.632

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21983113 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Off-label use of recombinant activated factor VII for cardiac surgical bleeding. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Flynn BC, Steiner ME, Mazzeffi M

Source‎: Anesthesiology. 2023 1;139(2):197-210.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 37155359

DOI‎: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004569

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37155359/ (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Safety and efficacy of recombinant activated factor VII: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in the setting of bleeding after cardiac surgery. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Gill R, Herbertson M, Vuylsteke A, Olsen PS, von Heymann C, Mythen M, Sellke F, Booth F, Schmidt TA.

Source‎: Circulation 2009;120(1):21-7.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 19546387

DOI‎: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.834275

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19546387 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Intraoperative use of recombinant activated factor VII during complex aortic surgery. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Goksedef D, Panagopoulos G, Nassiri N, Levine RL, Hountis PG, Plestis KA.

Source‎: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;143(5):1198-204.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 22285329

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.01.004

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22285329 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Off-label use of recombinant human factor VIIa. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Goodnough LT, Levy JH.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2014;98(2):393-5.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 25087781

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.06.007

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25087781 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Comprehensive Canadian review of the off-label use of recombinant activated factor VII in cardiac surgery. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Karkouti K, Beattie WS, Arellano R, Aye T, Bussieres JS, Callum JL, Cheng D, Heinrich L, Kent B, Lee TW, MacAdams C, Mazer CD, Muirhead B, Rochon AG, Rubens FD, Sawchuk C, Wang S, Waters T, Wong BI, Yau TM.

Source‎: Circulation 2008;118(4):331-8.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 18606914

DOI‎: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.764308

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18606914 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Role of recombinant factor VIIa in the treatment of intractable bleeding in vascular surgery. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Končar IB, Davidović LB, Savić N, Sinđelić RB, Ilić N, Dragas M, Markovic M, Kostic D.

Source‎: J Vasc Surg 2011;53(4):1032-7.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 21215579

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.07.075

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215579 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Recombinant factor VIIa treatment of severe bleeding in cardiac surgery patients: a retrospective analysis of dosing, efficacy, and safety outcomes. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Masud F, Bostan F, Chi E, Pass SE, Samir H, Stuebing K, Liebl MG.

Source‎: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2009;23(1):28-33.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 18948033

DOI‎: 10.1053/j.jvca.2008.08.003

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948033 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Recombinant activated factor VII significantly reduces transfusion requirements in cardiothoracic surgery. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Omar HR, Enten G, Karlnoski R, Ching YH, Mangar D, Camporesi EM.

Source‎: Drugs R D 2015;15(2):187-94.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 25862216

DOI‎: 10.1007/s40268-015-0093-9

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25862216 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Hemostatic management of severe thrombocytopenia in a patient undergoing pulmonic valve replacement. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Tanaka KA, Li P, McHugh SM, Subramaniam K.

Source‎: A A Case Rep 2015;5(1):3-5.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 26125690

DOI‎: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000166

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26125690 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Recombinant activated factor VII in cardiac surgery: a systematic review. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Warren O, Mandal K, Hadjianastassiou V, Knowlton L, Panesar S, John K, Darzi A, Athanasiou T.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2007;83(2):707-14.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 17258029

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.10.033

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17258029 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

مركزات عامل التخثُّر

Reduced use of allogeneic platelets through high-yield perioperative autologous plateletpheresis and reinfusion. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Alberts M, Bandarenko N, Gaca J, Lockhart E, Milano C, Alexander S, Linder D, Lombard FW, Welsby IJ.

Source‎: Transfusion 2014;54(5):1348-57.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 24898456

DOI‎: 10.1111/trf.12463

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24898456 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Use of prothrombin complex concentrate for excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Arnékian V, Camous J, Fattal S, Rézaiguia-Delclaux S, Nottin R, Stéphan F.

Source‎: Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2012;15(3):382-9.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 22623627

DOI‎: 10.1093/icvts/ivs224

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22623627 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Reducing blood transfusion in aortic surgery: a novel approach. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Birla R, Nawaytou O, Shaw M, Jackson A, Mills K, Kuduvalli M, Field M, Agarwal S

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2019;108(5):1369-75.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 31255616

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.04.127

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31255616 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Prophylactic use of factor IX concentrate in a Jehovah's Witness patient. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Bolliger D, Sreeram G, Duncan A, Molinaro RJ, Szlam F, Chen EP, Tanaka KA.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2009;88(5):1666-8.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 19853132

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.03.095

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19853132 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Safety and efficacy of prothrombin complex concentrate as first-line treatment in bleeding after cardiac surgery. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Cappabianca G, Mariscalco G, Biancari F, Maselli D, Papesso F, Cottini M, Crosta S, Banescu S, Ahmed AB, Beghi C.

Source‎: Crit Care 2016;20:5.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 26738468

DOI‎: 10.1186/s13054-015-1172-6

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26738468 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Bloodless orthotopic heart transplantation in a Jehovah's Witness. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Dallas T, Welsby I, Bottiger B, Milano C, Daneshmand M, Guinn N.

Source‎: A A Case Rep 2015;4(10):140-2.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 25974419

DOI‎: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000067

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25974419 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Comparison of 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate with frozen plasma for management of hemorrhage during and after cardiac surgery: a randomized pilot trial. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Karkouti K, Bartoszko J, Grewal D, Bingley C, Armali C, Carroll J, Hucke HP, Kron A, McCluskey SA, Rao V, Callum J

Source‎: JAMA Netw Open 2021;4(4):e213936.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 33792729

DOI‎: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.3936

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33792729 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Prophylactic fibrinogen infusion reduces bleeding after coronary artery bypass surgery. A prospective randomised pilot study. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Karlsson M, Ternström L, Hyllner M, Baghaei F, Flinck A, Skrtic S, Jeppsson A.

Source‎: Thromb Haemost 2009;102(1):137-44.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 19572078

DOI‎: 10.1160/TH08-09-0587

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19572078 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Effects of fibrinogen concentrate as first-line therapy during major aortic replacement surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Rahe-Meyer N, Solomon C, Hanke A, Schmidt DS, Knoerzer D, Hochleitner G, Sørensen B, Hagl C, Pichlmaier M.

Source‎: Anesthesiology 2013;118(1):40-50.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 23249928

DOI‎: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182715d4d

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23249928 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of fibrinogen concentrate supplementation after complex cardiac surgery. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Ranucci M, Baryshnikova E, Crapelli GB, Rahe-Meyer N, Menicanti L, Frigiola A; Surgical Clinical Outcome REsearch (SCORE) Group.

Source‎: J Am Heart Assoc 2015;4(6):e002066.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 26037084

DOI‎: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002066

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26037084 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Prothrombin complex concentrate in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Roman M, Biancari F, Ahmed AB, Agarwal S, Hadjinikolaou L, Al-Sarraf A, Tsang G, Oo AY, Field M, Santini F, Mariscalco G

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2019;107(4):1275-83.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 30458156

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.10.013

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30458156 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Haemostatic therapy in coronary artery bypass graft patients with decreased platelet function: comparison of fibrinogen concentrate with allogeneic blood products. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Solomon C, Schöchl H, Hanke A, Calatzis A, Hagl C, Tanaka K, Rahe-Meyer N.

Source‎: Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2012;72(2):121-8.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 22233480

DOI‎: 10.3109/00365513.2011.643818

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22233480 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

ديزموبريسين

Effects of desmopressin on platelet function under conditions of hypothermia and acidosis: an in vitro study using multiple electrode aggregometry. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Hanke AA, Dellweg C, Kienbaum P, Weber CF, Görlinger K, Rahe-Meyer N.

Source‎: Anaesthesia 2010;65(7):688-91.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 20477783

DOI‎: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06367.x

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20477783 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Platelet mapping and desmopressin reversal of platelet inhibition during emergency carotid endarterectomy. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Ranucci M, Nano G, Pazzaglia A, Bianchi P, Casana R, Tealdi DG.

Source‎: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2007;21(6):851-4.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 18068065

DOI‎: 10.1053/j.jvca.2007.05.009

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18068065 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Topical Hemostatic Agents

A comprehensive review of topical hemostatic agents: efficacy and recommendations for use. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Achneck HE, Sileshi B, Jamiolkowski RM, Albala DM, Shapiro ML, Lawson JH.

Source‎: Ann Surg 2010;251(2):217-28.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 20010084

DOI‎: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181c3bcca

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010084 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

A review of topical hemostatic agents for use in cardiac surgery. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Barnard J, Millner R.

Source‎: Ann Thorac Surg 2009;88(4):1377-83.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 19766855

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.02.092

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19766855 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Armentarium of topical hemostatic products in cardiovascular surgery: an update. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Forcillo J, Perrault LP.

Source‎: Transfus Apher Sci 2014;50(1):26-31.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 24412443

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.transci.2013.12.009

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24412443 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

A novel reverse thermosensitive polymer to achieve temporary atraumatic vessel occlusion in infra-popliteal bypasses. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Mani K, Campbell A, Fitzpatrick J, Modarai B, Carrell T, Rashid H, Zayed H.

Source‎: Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2013;45(1):51-6.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 23134676

DOI‎: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2012.10.008

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23134676 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Topical haemostatic agents. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Seyednejad H, Imani M, Jamieson T, Seifalian AM.

Source‎: Br J Surg 2008;95(10):1197-225.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 18763249

DOI‎: 10.1002/bjs.6357

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18763249 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

اختبارات اللزوجة المرنة لتحديد النزيف الجراحي أو التخثري (تجلط الدم)

An audit of red cell and blood product use after the institution of thromboelastometry in a cardiac intensive care unit. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Anderson L, Quasim I, Soutar R, Steven M, Macfie A, Korte W.

Source‎: Transfus Med 2006;16(1):31-9.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 16480437

DOI‎: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2006.00645.x

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16480437 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Management of hemorrhage in cardiothoracic surgery. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Görlinger K, Shore-Lesserson L, Dirkmann D, Hanke AA, Rahe-Meyer N, Tanaka KA.

Source‎: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2013;27(4 Suppl):S20-34.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 23910533

DOI‎: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.05.014

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23910533 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Point-of-care testing: a prospective, randomized clinical trial of efficacy in coagulopathic cardiac surgery patients. (يفتح نافذة جديدة)

Weber CF, Görlinger K, Meininger D, Herrmann E, Bingold T, Moritz A, Cohn LH, Zacharowski K.

Source‎: Anesthesiology 2012;117(3):531-47.

مفهرسة‎: PubMed 22914710

DOI‎: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318264c644

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22914710 (يفتح نافذة جديدة)