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Ishina lya kwa Lesa mu Malembo ya ciGriki aya Bwina Kristu
Abasambilila sana ifyaba muli Baibolo balisumina ukuti ishina lya kwa Lesa ilyalembwa mu filembo fya Tetragramatoni (יהוה), lilasangwa mu fimfungwa fya kubalilapo ifya Malembo ya ciHebere imiku mupepi na 7,000. Lelo ico abengi bakaana ca kuti ili ishina talisangwa mu Malembo ya ciGriki aya Bena Kristu aya kubalilapo. Ici e calenga ukuti mu maBaibolo ayengi aya ciNgeleshi muno nshiku, belabikamo ishina lya kuti Yehova nga balepilibula amalembo beta ukuti Icipangano Cipya. Na lintu abengi balepilibula ifikomo fimo ifya mu Malembo ya ciHebere, apaba ifilembo fya Tetragramatoni babikapo ishiwi lya kuti “Shikulu,” tabalembapo ishina lya kwa Lesa.
Ifi te fyo abapilibwile Baibolo ya Amalembo ya Calo Cipya bacitile. Mu Malembo ya ciGriki aya Bena Kristu, balibikamo ishina lya kuti Yehova ukufika ku miku 237. Icalengele bacite ifi ni yi imilandu ibili iyacindama: (1) Balishibe ukuti amamanyuskripti ya ciGriki ayo twakwata muno nshiku te yalya yene balembele pa kubalilapo. Ayengi bayalembele nalimo pa numa ya myaka 200 ukutula apo balembele aya kubalilapo. (2) Balishibe no kuti abalekopolola aya amamanyuskripti twakwata muno nshiku, balelemba ishiwi lya ciGriki ilya kuti Kyʹri·os, ilipilibula ukuti “Shikulu,” ponse apalembelwe Tetragramatoni, nelyo balekopolola mu mamanyuskripiti umo bapyanikepo kale ishiwi lya kuti “Shikulu.”
Abangalila umulimo wa kupilibula Baibolo ya Amalembo ya Calo Cipya, ba New World Bible Translation Committee, balishininkisha ukuti ishina lya kuti Yehova mu filembo fya Tetragramatoni e mo lyali mu mamanyuskripti ya kubalilapo aya Malembo ya ciGriki. Ne fyalengele ukuti bashininkishe ni ifi:
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Ifimfungwa fya Malembo ya ciHebere ifyo balebomfya mu nshiku sha kwa Yesu na batumwa mwali Tetragramatoni. Ku kale, bantu fye abanono e balekaana ukuti mu malembo tamwali ishina lya kwa Lesa. Nomba pa numa ya kusanga amamanyuskripti ciHebere mupepi na ku Qumran ayo balebomfya mu nshita ya batumwa, calimoneka apabuuta ukuti mu malembo ayo Yesu na batumwa balebomfya, mwali ishina lya kuti Yehova.
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Mu nshiku sha kwa Yesu na batumwa, mu malembo ya ciHebere ayo bapilibwilile mu ciGriki na mo mwine mwali Tetragramatoni. Pa myaka iingi, abasambilila sana ifya mu Baibolo baletontonkanya ukuti mu Malembo ya ciHebere ayo bapilibwilile mu ciGriki
(Greek Septuagint) tamwali Tetragramatoni. Lelo pa kati ka ba 1900, basangile ifipimfya fya Greek Septuagint ifyaliko mu nshita ya kwa Yesu. Muli ifi fipimfya mwali ishina lya kwa Lesa mu filembo fya ciHebere. Kanshi te ca kutwishika na kutwishika ukuti mu Malembo ya mu ciGriki ayo balebomfya mu nshiku sha kwa Yesu mwali ishina lya kwa Lesa. Lelo mu ma 300 C.E., ifimfungwa ifyo balebomfya sana ifya Greek Septuagint, pamo nga Codex Vaticanus na Codex Sinaiticus mwena tamwali ishina lya kwa Lesa, ukutendekela fye mwi buuku lya Ukutendeka ukufika na kuli Malaki (lelo mu mamanyuskripti aya kubalilapo e mo lyali). Kanshi uyu e mulandu wine mu Malembo ya ciGriki ayalembelwe ilya nshita ayabako na muno nshiku mushabela ishina lya kwa Lesa.Yesu alandile ukuti: “Naishila mwi shina lya kwa Tata.” Kabili ilingi alesosa ukuti fyonse ifyo alecita, alecitila ‘mwi shina lya kwa Wishi’
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Amalembo ya ciGriki aya Bena Kristu yalanga ukuti Yesu alebomfya ishina lya kwa Lesa ilingi fye kabili ale-ebako na bantu. (Yohane 17:6, 11, 12, 26) Yesu alandile ukuti: “Naishila mwi shina lya kwa Tata.” Kabili ilingi alesosa ukuti fyonse ifyo alecita, alecitila ‘mwi shina lya kwa Wishi.’—Yohane 5:43; 10:25.
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Apo Amalembo ya ciGriki aya Bena Kristu nayo yafuma kuli Lesa nga filya fine fyaba Amalembo ya ciHebere, te kuti cilolemo nga ca kuti mwena tabalembelemo ishina lya kwa Lesa. Mu nshita ya batumwa umusambi Yakobo aebele baeluda mu Yerusalemu ukuti: “Sumeone nalondolola bwino bwino ifyo Lesa pa muku wa kubalilapo apilibukile ku bena fyalo ku kubuulamo abantu abe shina lyakwe.” (Imilimo 15:14) Yakobo nga talandile aya mashiwi nga ca kutila takwali nangu umo uwaishibe ishina lya lwa Lesa mu nshita ya batumwa.
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Na mu Malembo ya ciGriki aya Bena Kristu, ishina lya kwa Lesa ilyo baipifya e mo lyaba. Pa Ukusokolola 19:1, 3, 4, 6, ishina lya kwa Lesa lyaba mwi shiwi lya kuti “Aleluya.” Ili shiwi lyafuma kwi shiwi lya ciHebere ilipilibula ukuti, “Lumbeni Jah.” Ishiwi lya kuti Jah milembele ya kwipifya iye shina lya kuti Yehova. Amashina ayengi ayalembwa mu Malembo ya ciGriki aya Bena Kristu bayafumishe kwi shina lya kwa Lesa. Na kuba ifitabo fimo filondolola ukuti ishina lya kwa Yesu lipilibula ukuti “Yehova E Pusukilo.”
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Ifyalembwa fya kale ifya baYuda filanga ukuti Abena Kristu abaYuda balebomfya ishina lya kwa Lesa mu fyo balelemba. Icalembwa ico baleita ati Tosefta ico balembele mu 200 C.E umwali amafunde ya baYuda cisosa pa fyalembwa fya Bena Kristu ifyo baocele pe Sabata ukuti: “Amabuuku ya baleshimikila na mabuuku ya ba minim [abo batila bali Bena Kristu abaYuda] baliyocele. Yonse
fye baliyocele, baocelele kumo ne shina lya kwa Lesa ilyalembelwemo.” Ici calembwa casosele ne fyo Yosé, Kafundisha wa Mafunde ya baYuda umwina Galili uwaliko mu kubangilila kwa ba 100 C.E. alandile. Icalembwa calandile ukuti mu nshiku shimbi isha mu mulungu, “abantu balasusula apalembelwe ishina lya kwa Lesa mu fyalembwa, [ifyalembwa fya Bena Kristu] no kuyabika ifyo basusula kumbi, e lyo ifyashala balafyoca.” -
Bamo abasambilila sana ifya mu Baibolo balasumina ukuti ishina lya kwa Lesa lifwile e mo lyali mu fikomo fya mu Malembo ya ciGriki ifyo bayambwile mu Malembo ya ciHebere. Icitabo ca The
Anchor Bible Dictionary, pa mutwe uutila “Tetragrammaton in the New Testament” cisosa ukuti: “Kwaliba ubushininkisho bumo ubulanga ukuti ilyo ifyalembwa fya Cipangano Cipya fyalembelwe fye, Tetragramatoni, ye shina lya kwa Lesa, Yahweh, e mo yali mu fikomo fimo fimo nelyo fye mu fikomo fyonse ifyo bayambwile mu Cipangano ca Kale.” Uwasambilile sana ifya mu Baibolo, George Howard atile: “Apo Tetragramatoni yalesangwa mu fyalembwa fya Baibolo ifya ciGriki [Septuagint] ifyo balebomfya sana mu nshita ya batumwa, te kuti tutwishike ukuti abalelemba Icipangano Cipya, balebomfya Tetragramatoni iyaleba mu malembo baleyambula.” -
Luka 2:15 na pali Yuda 14, muli Baibolo apilibwile. Kabili alibikilepo amafutunoti mupepi na 100 ayalelangilila ukuti muli ifi ifikomo mwali ishina lya kwa Lesa pa kubala. Na kuba, imyaka iingi ilyo aya amaBaibolo yonse yashilapilibulwa, mu Malembo ya ciGriki aya Bena Kristu ayo balepilibula mu ciHebere ukutendeka muli ba 1500 ukuya na ku ntanshi, mwaleba Tetragramatoni mu malembo ayengi. Mu lulimi lwa ciGerman mwaliba amaBaibolo yalekanalekana nalimo 11 umwalembwa ishina lya kuti “Jehovah” (nelyo ishina lya kuti “Yahweh” ilyo balembela mu ciGerman) mu Malembo ya ciGriki aya Bena Kristu. E lyo mu maBaibolo 4, baalembamo ilumbo lya kuti “Shikulu” e lyo babika ishina lya kwa Lesa mu fya kwisalilamo. Na kabili, mu maBaibolo ya mu ciGerman ukucila pali 70, balilembamo ishina lya kwa Lesa mu ma futunoti nelyo mu fyebo fyaba ku mpela ya aya maBaibolo.
Na bakapilibula ba maBaibolo abalumbuka balibomfya ishina lya kwa Lesa mu Malembo ya ciGriki aya Bena Kristu. Bamo pali aba balibomfeshe ishina lya kwa Lesa ninshi na Baibolo ya Amalembo ya Calo Cipya iya mu ciNgeleshi tailabako. AmaBaibolo yamo ayo bapilibula ni aya: A Literal Translation of the New Testament . . . From the Text of the Vatican Manuscript, iyapilibwile Herman Heinfetter (1863); The Emphatic Diaglott, iyapilibwile Benjamin Wilson (1864); The Epistles of Paul in Modern English, iyapilibwile George Barker Stevens (1898); St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, iyapilibwile W. G. Rutherford (1900); e lyo na The New Testament Letters, iyapilibwile J.W.C. Wand, Bishop of London (1946). E lyo kabili, mu kutampa kwaba 1900, kapilibula umwina Spain Pablo Besson, alilembele ishina lya kuti “Jehová” pali -
Mu maBaibolo ukucila indimi 100 mwaliba ishina lya kwa Lesa mu Malembo ya ciGriki. Mu ndimi ishingi isha mu Africa, mu America, ku Bulaya ne ndimi balanda pa fishi fya Pacific balabomfya sana ishina lya kwa Lesa. (Moneni umutande uuli pa mabuula 12 na 13.) Imilandu abapilibwile aya maBaibolo yonse babomfeshe ishina lya kwa Lesa naipalana ne milandu iyo twacibalilapo ukulanda. Yamo pali aya ma Baibolo ayo balembamo ishina lya kuti Yehova mu Malembo ya ciGriki ni nomba line fye bayapilibwile. Ku ca kumwenako, muli Rotuman Bible (1999), balilembamo ishina “Jihova” imiku 51 mu fikomo 48, kabili muli Baibolo ya Batak (Toba) iya mu 1989 iyo bapilibwile ku Indonesia, namo mwaliba ishina “Jahowa” imiku 110.
Kanshi twamona ukuti kwaliba ubushininkisho ubulanga ukuti na mu Malembo ya ciGriki aya Bena Kristu mwali ishina lya kwa Lesa ilya kuti Yehova. E mulandu wine abapilibwile Baibolo ya Amalembo ya Calo Cipya babweseshamo ili ishina. Balicindika sana ishina lya kwa Lesa, kabili balatiina ukufumya muli Baibolo ifili fyonse ifyalembelwe mu malembo ya kubalilapo.—Ukusokolola 22:18, 19.